Manual of Temporomandibular Disorders

Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
About the Companion Website
Introduction
References
Part I Initial Evaluation
References
Chapter 1 Patient Interview
Summary
References
Chapter 2 Review of the “Initial Patient Questionnaire”
Chapter 3 Clinical Examination
3.1 Range of Motion
3.2 TMJ Noise
3.3 TMD Palpations
3.4 Intraoral Examination
3.4.1 Occlusal Changes
3.4.2 Temporomandibular Disorder Pain Caused by a Tooth
3.4.3 Tooth Pain Without Local Pathology
3.5 Additional Evaluations
References
Chapter 4 Imaging
4.1 Plain Radiographs
4.2 Panoramic Radiograph
4.3 Axially Corrected Sagittal Tomography
4.4 CT
4.5 CBCT
4.6 MRI
4.7 Arthrography
4.8 Ultrasound
4.9 Imaging Strategies
4.10 Imaging Recommendations
References
Chapter 5 TMD Diagnostic Categories
5.1 TMJ Disorders
5.1.1 Joint Pain
5.1.1.1 Arthralgia
5.1.1.2 Arthritis
5.1.2 Joint Disorders
5.1.2.1 Disc-Condyle Complex Disorders
5.1.2.1.1 Disc Displacement with Reduction
5.1.2.1.2 Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking
5.1.2.1.3 Disc Displacement Without Reduction With Limited Opening (Closed Lock)
5.1.2.1.4 Disc Displacement Without Reduction Without Limited Opening
5.1.2.2 Other Hypomobility Disorders
5.1.2.2.1 Adhesions/Adherence
5.1.2.2.2 Ankylosis
5.1.2.2.3 Fibrous Ankylosis
5.1.2.2.4 Osseous Ankylosis
5.1.2.3 Hypermobility Disorders
5.1.2.3.1 Subluxation
5.1.2.3.2 Luxation
5.1.3 Joint Diseases
5.1.3.1 Degenerative Joint Disease
5.1.3.1.1 Osteoarthrosis
5.1.3.1.2 Osteoarthritis
5.1.3.2 Condylysis/Idiopathic Condylar Resorption
5.1.3.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans
5.1.3.4 Osteonecrosis
5.1.3.5 Systemic Arthritides
5.1.3.6 Neoplasm
5.1.3.7 Synovial Chondromatosis
5.1.4 Fractures
5.1.5 Congenital/Developmental Disorders
5.1.5.1 Aplasia
5.1.5.2 Hypoplasia
5.1.5.3 Hyperplasia
5.2 Masticatory Muscle Disorders
5.2.1 Muscle Pain Limited to the Orofacial Region
5.2.1.1 Myalgia
5.2.1.1.1 Local Myalgia
5.2.1.1.2 Myofascial Pain with Spreading
5.2.1.1.3 Myofascial Pain with Referral
5.2.1.2 Tendonitis
5.2.1.3 Myositis
5.2.1.4 Spasm
5.2.2 Contracture
5.2.3 Hypertrophy
5.2.4 Neoplasm
5.2.5 Movement Disorders
5.2.5.1 Orofacial Dyskinesia
5.2.5.2 Oromandibular Dystonia
5.2.6 Masticatory Muscle Pain Attributed to Systemic/Central Disorders
5.3 Headache Disorders
5.3.1 Headache Attributed to TMD
5.4 Associated Structures
5.4.1 Coronoid Hyperplasia
References
Chapter 6 Contributing Factors
References
Part II Common Acute TMD Conditions and Therapies
Chapter 7 TMD Secondary to Trauma
References
Chapter 8 TMD Secondary to Dental Treatment
8.1 Preventing Aggravation from Dental Treatment
8.2 Medial Pterygoid Muscle Pain
8.3 Inability to Close into MI
8.4 Occlusal Interference Sequelae
8.5 OSA Appliances
References
Chapter 9 Lateral Pterygoid Spasm
References
Chapter 10 Intermittent and Continuous Forms of TMJ Disc Displacement Without Reduction with Limited Opening
10.1 Intermittent Disorder (Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking)
10.2 Continuous Disorder (Disc Displacement Without Reduction with Limited Opening, Also Known as Closed Lock)
References
Chapter 11 TMJ Subluxation and Luxation
References
Part III Occlusal Appliance Therapy
References
Chapter 12 Stabilization Appliance
12.1 Mandibular Positions and Interocclusal Record
12.2 Physical Variables
12.2.1 Full or Partial Coverage
12.2.2 Maxillary or Mandibular
12.2.3 Hard, Intermediate, or Soft Material
12.2.4 Thick or Thin
12.2.5 Appliance or Clasp Retention
12.2.6 Summary of Physical Variables
12.3 Appliance Adjustments
Focal Point
12.3.1 Internal Adjustments
12.3.2 Internal Reline
12.3.3 External Adjustments
12.3.4 External Reline
12.3.5 Appliance Repair
12.4 Appliance Examples
12.4.1 Pressure-Cured Mandibular Acrylic Stabilization Appliance
12.4.2 Maxillary Acrylic Stabilization Appliance
12.4.3 Hard Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance
12.4.4 Impak Stabilization Appliance
12.4.5 Dual Laminate Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance
12.4.6 Soft Thermomolded Stabilization Appliance
12.5 Appliance Management
References
Chapter 13 Anterior Positioning Appliance
13.1 Mandibular Position and Interocclusal Record
13.2 Design and Adjustments
13.3 Appliance Management
References
Part IV Multidisciplinary Management Approach
References
Chapter 14 Self-Management Therapy
14.1 Self-Management Instructions
14.2 Closure Muscle-Stretching Exercise
14.3 Lateral Pterygoid Muscle-Stretching Exercise
14.4 Posture Exercises
14.5 Controlling Awake Behaviors
References
Chapter 15 Physical Medicine
15.1 Muscle Massage
15.2 Yoga
15.3 Trigger-Point Compression
15.4 Trigger-Point Injection
15.5 Botulinum Toxin Injections
15.6 Physical Therapy
15.7 Acupuncture
15.8 Chiropractics
References
Chapter 16 Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention
16.1 Controlling Awake Behaviors
16.2 Relaxation
16.3 Hypnotherapy (Hypnosis)
16.4 Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation
16.5 Stress Management
References
Chapter 17 Pharmacological Management
17.1 Analgesics
17.2 Anti-inflammatory Medications
17.2.1 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Ingested Form)
17.2.2 Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
17.3 Muscle Relaxants
17.4 Anticonvulsant
17.5 Tricyclic Antidepressants
17.6 Topical Medications
17.6.1 OTC Topical Medications
17.6.2 Prescription Topical Medications
17.7 Nutritional Supplements
References
Chapter 18 Other Dental Procedures
18.1 Occlusal Equilibration
18.2 Orthodontic–Orthognathic Therapy
18.3 Prosthodontic Therapy
18.4 TMJ Surgery and Implants
References
Chapter 19 Integrating Multidisciplinary Therapies
19.1 Management Summaries and Clinical Implications
19.1.1 Self-Management Therapy
19.1.2 Massage and Trigger‐Point Compression
19.1.3 Lateral Pterygoid Muscle-Stretching Exercise
19.1.4 Closure Muscle-Stretching Exercise
19.1.5 Posture Exercises
19.1.6 Occlusal Appliances
19.1.7 Physical Therapy
19.1.8 Yoga
19.1.9 Trigger-Point Injections
19.1.10 Acupuncture
19.1.11 Chiropractics
19.1.12 Controlling Awake Parafunctional, Muscle-Tightening, or Fatiguing Behaviors
19.1.13 Relaxation
19.1.14 Hypnotherapy (Hypnosis)
19.1.15 Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation
19.1.16 Stress Management
19.1.17 Pharmacological Management
19.1.18 Occlusal Therapy
19.1.19 TMJ Surgery
19.2 Integrating Conservative Therapies
19.3 TMD Refractory to Initial Therapy
19.4 Long-Term Management
References
Part V Case Scenarios
FAQs
V.1 Case 1: Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis Mimicking TMD Symptoms
V.2 Case 2: Tooth Pain: No TMD Pain
V.3 Case 3: Chronic Sinusitis
V.4 Case 4: Chronic Forehead Pain Referred from the Neck
V.5 Case 5: Myalgia Secondary to Sleep Parafunctional Behaviors
V.6 Case 6: Tooth Attrition: No Pain
V.7 Case 7: Myalgia Secondary to Awake Parafunctional Behaviors
V.8 Case 8: Medial Pterygoid Spasm
V.9 Case 9: Personal Stressors and Sleep Disturbances as Contributing Factors
V.10 Case 10: Fibromyalgia as a Contributing Factor
V.11 Case 11: TMJ Disc–Condyle Complex Disorders and When to Provide Therapy: no Pain
V.12 Case 12: TMJ Arthralgia
V.13 Case 13: TMJ Disc Displacement with Reduction with Intermittent Locking
V.14 Case 14: TMJ Disc Displacement Without Reduction with Limited Opening: Unlocked
V.15 Case 15: TMJ Disc Displacement Without Reduction with Limited Opening: Not Unlocked
V.16 Case 16: Osteitis Causing Inability to Open Wide
V.17 Case 17: Lateral Pterygoid Spasm
V.18 Case 18: Acute Exacerbation of TMD
V.19 Case 19: Multiple Forms of Head and Neck Pain After Crown Insertion
V.20 Case 20: Appliance That Positioned Condyles into Their “Proper Position”
References
Part VI Fundamentals of Clinical Studies
VI.1 Prominent Clinical Study Designs
VI.1.1 Case Report
VI.1.2 Case Series Study
VI.1.3 Cross-Sectional Study
VI.1.4 Case-Control Study
VI.1.5 Cohort Study
VI.1.6 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial
VI.1.7 Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
VI.2 Other Types of Publications
VI.2.1 Literature Reviews
VI.2.2 Systematic Reviews
VI.2.3 Meta-Analyses
VI.2.4 Clinical Practice Guidelines
VI.3 Considerations in Assessing Clinical Trials
VI.4 Conclusions
References
Glossary
Index
EULA