Managing Plant Stress Using Salicylic Acid: Physiological and Molecular Aspects

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 Salicylic Acid: A Regulator of Plant Growth and Development
Introduction
Salicylic Acid and Plant Growth
Salicylic Acid and Photosynthesis
Salicylic Acid and Respiration
Salicylic Acid and Abiotic and Biotic Stress
Conclusions
References
Chapter 2 Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Plant Biology: An Omics Approach
Introduction
Programmed Cell Death (PCD)
SA as a Plant Growth Regulator
SA and Stresses
Resistance of Plants to Diseases
Proteome Analysis
Transcriptome Analysis
Genome Analysis
Conclusion
Note
References
Chapter 3 Regulation of Plant Primary Metabolism by Salicylic Acid Under Abiotic Stress
Introduction
Primary Metabolism Regulation
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Flowering
Seed Germination
Senescence
Plant Growth
Pathogenesis
Nutrient Uptake
SA Mediation and Abiotic Stress Tolerance Regulation
Salinity Stress Tolerance Regulation
Drought Stress Tolerance Control
Temperature Constraint Tolerance Monitoring
Heavy Metals Pressure Tolerance Balancing
Conclusion
References
Appendix 3.A
Appendix 3.B
Chapter 4 Regulation of Plant Secondary Metabolism by Salicylic Acid Under Abiotic Stress
Introduction
Biosynthesis Pathway of Different Secondary Metabolites in Plants
The Biosynthesis of SMs in Plants Exposed to Abiotic Stresses
Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites by Exogenously Applied Salicylic Acid Under Abiotic Stress
Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 5 How Does Salicylic Acid Regulate Mineral Nutrition in Plants Under Abiotic Stress? An Update
Introduction
Salicylic Acid and Regulation of Mineral Nutrition
Salicylic Acid-Induced Metal Stress Tolerance and Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Plants
Salicylic Acid-Induced Salinity Stress Tolerance and Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Plants
Salicylic Acid-Induced Drought Stress Tolerance and Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Plants
Salicylic Acid-Induced Temperature Stress Tolerance and Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis in Plants Temperature Stress
Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 6 Seed Germination to Fruit Maturation Under Stressful Environment: Roles of Salicylic Acid
Introduction
Plant Face to Environmental Stress
Salicylic Acid as Plant Growth Regulator
Biosynthesis and Metabolism
Role of Salicylic Acid
Function of Salicylic Acid in Plant During Stressful Factors
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
Conclusion
References
Appendix 6.A
Appendix 6. B
Chapter 7 Role of Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Physiology of Plants
Introduction
Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Salicylic Acid
Preharvest Factors Affecting Postharvest Quality
Physiological Roles of Salicylic Acid on Plants
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Ethylene Production
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Heat Production
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Respiration
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Fruit Ripening
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Senescence
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Diseases
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Chilling Injury
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Oxidative Stress
Effect of Salicylic Acid on Maintaining Bioactive Compounds
Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Decay of Harvested Fruits
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanism in Plants Under Metal(loid) Stress
Introduction
Sources of Metalloids and Their Availability to the Plants
Metal(loid) Uptake and Their Bioavailability
Effects of Metalloids in Plants and Tolerance of Plants to Stress
Phytohormones Used for Ameliorating the Metalloid Stress
Physiological Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plants Under Metal/Metalloid Stress
SA and its Roles in Photosynthesis Under Metal or Metalloid Stress
Omics-Based Strategies for SA-Induced Metalloid Tolerance in Plants
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Plants Under Heat Stress
Introduction
Salicylic Acid History and Biosynthesis
Heat-Stress Threshold
Physiological Mechanisms Mediated by SA Under HS
Plant Water Relation (PWR)
Osmolyte Accumulations
Cell Membrane Thermostability
Hormonal Changes
Photosynthesis and ATP Production
Molecular Mechanisms Mediated by Salicylic Acid Under Heat Stress
Antioxidant Defense
Heat Shock Proteins (HPSs)
Signaling
Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 10 Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Mechanisms in Plants Under Chilling Stress
Introduction
Effect of Chilling and Salicylic Acid (SA) on Growth Factors
Effects of Chilling and Salicylic Acid on Cell Membrane
Effects of Chilling and Salicylic Acid on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Plants Under Abiotic Stress
Introduction
Stress Hormones
Background of Salicylic Acid
Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid in Plants
Salicylic Acid in Plants Under Metals/Metalloids
Salinity Stress
Drought Stress
Cold Stress
Epigenetics Functions in Salicylic Acid
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 12 Salicylic-Acid Mediated Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms in Plants Under Drought Stress
Introduction
Adversities of Drought Stress
Role of SA in Photosynthesis and Sugars Biosynthesis under Drought Stress
Changes in ROS and Enzymatic Antioxidants in Plants Subjected to Drought Stress and Role of SA
Role of SA on Polyphenols Biosynthesis
Role of SA on Osmolytes Accumulation
Role of SA on Mineral Nutrients Uptake and Accumulation
Interaction of SA with Polyamines and Other Phytohormones in Plants Subjected to Drought Stress
Role of SA on Induction of Gene Expression Under Drought
Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 ROS Regulation by Salicylic Acid Under Abiotic Stress
Introduction
Abiotic Stress in Plants and Activation of ROS Signaling
ROS Scavenging in Plants Under Abiotic Stress
ROS Signaling in Plants
SA and ROS Interaction
SA Mediated Regulation of ROS Level (ROS Homeostasis)
SA-Mediated ROS Detoxification (Activation of Antioxidant Defense System)
Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Chapter 14 Regulation of Photosynthesis by Salicylic Acid Under Optimal and Suboptimal Conditions
Introduction
Salicylic Acid (SA) and Regulation of Photosynthesis
Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Photosynthesis Under Optimal Conditions
Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Photosynthesis Under Suboptimal Conditions
Salicylic Acid as a Stress Factor for Plants
Effect of Lower Levels of Salicylic Acid on Plants
Effect of Elevated Levels of Salicylic Acid on Plants
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Regulation of Abiotic Stress by Salicylic Acid at Gene Level: An Update
Introduction
Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid
Metabolism of Salicylic Acid
Glycosylation
Methylation
AA Conjugation
Sulfonation
Salicylic Acid Receptors in Plants
Salicylic Acid Transport in Plants
Long-Distance Transport
Intracellular Transport
Implication of Salicylic Acid in Plants’ Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Drought, Osmotic, and Salt Stress
Extreme Temperatures
UV Lights and Ozone Stress
Metallic Stresses
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
References
Chapter 16 Salicylic Acid and its Crosstalk with Other Plant Hormones Under Stressful Environments
Introduction
Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis in Plants
Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants
Function of SA Under Biotic Stress Conditions (Pathogen Defense Pathway)
Function of SA Under Abiotic Stress Conditions
Crosstalk of Salicylic Acid with Other Plant Hormones Under Stressful Environments
Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid (JA)
Crosstalk with Absiscic Acid (ABA)
Crosstalk with Gibberellic Acid (GA)
Crosstalk with Ethylene (ET)
Crosstalk with Auxin (IAA)
Crosstalk with Cytokinin (CK)
Crosstalk with Brassinosteroids (BRs)
Crosstalk with Melatonin
Crosstalk with Polyamines (PAs)
Crosstalk with Strigolactones (SLs)
Conclusion and Perceptions
References
Chapter 17 Post-translational Modifications Mediated by the Phytohormone Salicylic Acid in Plants Growing Under Environmental Challenges
Introduction
SA Biosynthetic and Signaling Pathways
SA-Induced Responses During Abiotic Stress
The Dual Role of SA in Redox Homeostasis During Abiotic Stress
Proteome Modifications Mediated by SA
SA-Mediated PTMs on NPR Proteins
Regulation of Hormone-Related Signal Transduction Pathways by SA-Induced PTMs
How to Identify New PTMs Induced by SA
Immunofluorescence
Proximity Ligation Assay
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer
Bio-Ubiquitin System
Perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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