Management of Tourism Ecosystem Services in a Post Pandemic Context: Global Perspectives

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Editors
List of Contributors
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction: Status of the Tourism Ecosystem Services: Marking More Realities
References
Part II: Management of Natural Ecosystem Services
Chapter 2: Role of conservancy-based tourism in the management of natural ecosystem services in the Maasai Mara, Kenya
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature review
2.2.1 The wildlife conservancy concept in Kenya
2.2.2 The Maasai Mara ecosystem threats and the conservation-restoration-tourism nexus
2.2.3 Conservancy-based tourism and payment of ecosystem services
2.2.4 Protected area tourism in the post-pandemic context
2.3 Methodology
2.3.1 Study area
2.3.2 Data collection and analysis
2.4 Results and discussion
2.4.1 Provisioning ecosystem goods and services
2.4.1.1 Maintenance of biodiversity in the conservancies
2.4.2 Enhanced co-existence of wildlife and livestock in the conservancies
2.4.2.1 Ecosystem goods and services and greening initiatives in the conservancies
2.4.3 Cultural ecosystem goods and services
2.4.3.1 Ecotourism as a cultural ecosystem service
2.4.3.2 Research values in the conservancies
2.4.3.3 Education and knowledge values
2.4.4 Community benefits from conservancy-based ecotourism
2.5 Conclusion and recommendations
References
Chapter 3: Community-based conservation for sustainable ecosystem services and tourism: A case study of Murchison Falls conservation area, Uganda
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Literature review
3.2.1 Conceptual considerations
3.2.2 Conservation and livelihoods
3.2.3 Nature-based tourism
3.3 Theoretical framework
3.4 Methodology
3.4.1 Study area
3.5 Research design, data collection and analysis
3.6 Results and discussion
3.6.1 Demographic and socio-economic profile of the respondents
3.6.2 Conservation and sustainable ecosystem services in MFCA
3.7 Contribution of CBEs to conservation and sustainable ecosystem services (SES)
3.8 The inter-relationships between CBEs, conservation, ecosystem services and tourism
3.9 Conclusions and contribution to knowledge
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 4: The Weak Link in Managing for Ecological Integrity and Responsible Tourism: The Case of Visitor Conduct in Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Statement of the Research Problem
4.3 Significance of the Study
4.4 Objectives of the Study
4.4.1 General Objective
4.4.2 Specific Objectives
4.4.3 Research Questions
4.5 Literature Review
4.5.1 Visitor Management in National Parks
4.6 Research Methodology
4.6.1 Study Area
4.6.2 Research Design
4.6.3 Data Collection Procedures
4.6.4 Data Processing, Analysis, and Presentation
4.7 Results
4.7.1 Questionnaire Return Rate
4.7.2 Problem Visitor Behavior with Respect to Wildlife in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.7.3 Problem Visitor Behavior with Respect to the Wildlife Habitat in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.7.4 Drivers of Problem Behavior among Visitors in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.7.5 Effectiveness of On-Site Park Messages in Managing Visitor Conduct in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.8 Discussions
4.8.1 Questionnaire Return Rate
4.8.2 Scale Reliability
4.8.3 Problem Visitor Behaviors to Wildlife Welfare in Lake Nakuru National Park and the Need for Responsible Tourism
4.8.4 Problem Visitor Behaviors to the Wildlife Habitat in Lake Nakuru National Park and the Need for Responsible Tourism
4.8.5 Drivers of Problem Behavior among Visitors in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.8.6 Effectiveness of On-Site Messages in Managing Visitor Behavior in Lake Nakuru National Park
4.9 Conclusions, Recommendations, and Suggestions for Further Work
4.9.1 Conclusions
4.9.2 Recommendations
4.9.3 Suggestions for Further Work
References
Part III: Management of Cultural Ecosystems Services
Chapter 5: Conceptual Understanding of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Tourism
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Ecosystem Services
5.2 Tourism and Ecosystem Services
5.3 Cultural Ecosystem Services in Tourism
5.4 Methodology
5.5 Case Studies Discussion
5.6 Conclusion
5.7 Recommendations
References
Chapter 6: Impact of Cultural Ecosystem Services on Livelihoods in the North Vidzeme Biosphere Reserve, Latvia
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 Best Practices of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Protected Areas
6.4 Methodology
6.5 Study Area
6.6 Research Findings
6.7 Discussion
6.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7: Protecting the Malaga tourism ecosystem: Role of residents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Ecosystems and communities
7.2.1 Preservation and protection of ecosystem
7.2.2 Malaga and its ecosystem
7.3 Methodology
7.4 Findings
7.5 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Ecosystems Services and Sustainable Tourism Development
Chapter 8: Ecosystems Services for Urban Destination Development: Potential for Sustainability
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.2.1 Urban Sustainable Tourism
8.2.2 Ecosystem Services
8.2.3 Valuation of Ecosystem Services
8.2.4 Cultural Ecosystem Services Take Place in Green Urban Infrastructure
8.3 Methodology
8.4 The Case of Malmö
8.4.1 Destination: Western Harbour
8.4.2 Challenges and Development Potential for Ecosystem Services in Malmö
8.5 The Case of Helsingborg
8.5.1 Destination: Landborgspromenaden – An Urban Recreational Trail
8.5.2 Destination: Sofiero castle
8.5.3 Destination: Pålsjö City Forest
8.6 Findings
8.6.1 Urban Planning
8.6.2 Ecosystem-Based Solutions to Adaptation
8.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
Chapter 9: Next-Practice Platforms as an Enabler of Sustainable Tourism Destination Management: Perspectives from an Asian Chain Hotel’s Sustainability Journey
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.2.1 Sustainable Destination Management and Hotel Companies: The Business Opportunity
9.3 Enriching the Creating Shared Value Strategy through Next-practice Platforms
9.4 Methodology
9.4.1 Research Design
9.4.2 Context
9.4.3 Data Collection and Interviews
9.4.4 Data Analysis
9.5 Findings
9.6 Discussion
9.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Ethical Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Tourism: A Jurisprudence Approach
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Purpose of the Chapter
10.3 Concept of Ethical Consumption
10.3.1 Consumer Behavior and Ethical Decisions
10.3.2 Ethical Consumption in Tourism
10.4 Concept of Ecosystem Services
10.4.1 People’s Values toward Nature
10.4.2 Strengths of Ecosystem Services to Support Human Well-Being
10.4.3 Management of Ecosystem Services
10.5 Jurisprudence Approach and Ethical Consumption of Ecosystem Services
10.6 Methodology
10.7 Findings
10.8 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Part V: Management of Tourism Ecosystems Services Post-Pandemic
Chapter 11: Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ecosystem Services at UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sundarbans: A Viewpoint on India and Bangladesh
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Study Area
11.2.2 Data Collection and Analysis
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Environmental Impact of Ecosystem Services
11.3.2 Social Impact of Ecosystem Services
11.3.3 Economic Impact of Ecosystem Services
11.3.4 Government’s Supports and Stimulus Packages
11.4 Conclusion
11.4.1 Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Recovery Strategies
References
Chapter 12: Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism and Public Transport: Challenges and Prospects from Malaysia
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Review
12.2.1 Linkage between Ecosystem Services
12.2.2 Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism and Public Transport
12.2.3 Resilience to Ecosystem during the COVID-19 Pandemic
12.2.4 Research Problem and the Gaps
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Study Design and Procedure
12.3.2 Data Collection Process
12.3.3 Data Analysis Procedures
12.4 Results
12.4.1 The Linkage Between Ecosystem Services and COVID-19 Pandemic in Tourism and Public Transport
12.4.1.1 Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Employment in Tourism and Public Transport
12.4.1.2 Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Demand in Tourism and Public Transport
12.4.2 Ecosystem Services and Adoption of Resilient Policy
12.4.3 Social–Economical Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Public Transportation
12.4.3.1 Financial Adversity
12.4.3.2 Social Equity
12.4.3.3 Sustainable Mobility
12.5 Discussion
12.6 Conclusions
12.6.1 Managerial Implications
12.6.2 Policy Recommendation
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 13: Post COVID-19 through Special Interest Tourism: Perspectives for South Africa and Zimbabwe
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Theoretical Framework: Special Interest Tourism (SIT)
13.3 Theoretical Framework: Research Synthesis and Literature Review
13.4 Zoom Towns: Opportunities for Visiting Friends & Relatives (VFR) Tourism
13.5 Vaccine Tourism: The Case of Zimbabwe
13.6 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
References
Chapter 14: The Impact of COVID-19 on Cultural Ecosystem Services Nexus: A Vulnerability Assessment of Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Framework of Cultural Ecosystem Services Nexus
14.3 Methodology
14.3.1 Simien Mountains National Park
14.3.2 Cultural Ecosystem Services of the Park
14.3.3 Method
14.4 Results
14.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: Restoration of Ecosystems Services in Post-COVID-19 Kenya: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Green Financing
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Nature of Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships to Tourism
15.3 Scope and Characteristics of Ecosystem Tourism in Kenya
15.3.1 Kenya’s Ecosystem Services
15.3.2 Main Threats to Kenya’s Ecosystem
15.4 How Ecosystem Services Support Tourism Production and Consumption in Kenya
15.4.1 Integrating Ecosystem into Tourism Industry Growth and Building Eco-Tourism Conservation Skills
15.4.2 Integrating Ecosystem into Tourism Growth
15.4.3 Building the Ecotourism Business Skills of Conservation Organizations
15.5 Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Goods and Services
15.5.1 Hedonic Pricing Method
15.5.2 Travel Cost Method
15.5.3 Contingent Valuation Method
15.6 Green Financing
15.6.1 Green Financing Prospects
15.6.2 Methodology
15.6.3 Cost–Benefit Analysis of Green Financing
15.6.4 Importance of Green Financing
15.6.5 The Main Providers of Green Finance
15.6.6 How Can Sustainable Finance Help Support Ecosystem Restoration?
References
Chapter 16: When the Music’s Over: Destination Ecosystem Services – Post-Pandemic Solutions and Challenges
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Ecosystem Services in Tourism
16.3 Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Tourism
16.4 Methodology
16.5 The All-Inclusive Tourism Ecosystem Bubble
16.6 The “Leisure-Casual” Consumer
16.7 A Sustainable Option/Towards Sustainability
16.8 Conclusion
References
Part VI: Global Case Studies
Chapter 17: The Contribution of Whale Watching to Conservation in Marine-Protected Areas: The Example of Bahía De San Antonio, Patagonia
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Tourism in Conservation Territories within the Post-Pandemic Context
17.1.2 Whale Watching and Conservation of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
17.1.3 Study Case
17.2 Methodology
17.2.1 Study Area
17.2.2 Recreation and Tourism in a Conservation Conceptual Model
17.2.3 Data Collection: Questionnaires and Participant Observations on Board
17.2.4 Procedure and Data Analysis
17.3 Results
17.3.1 The Obligation of Actors Related to Directing the Acquaintance and Recreational-Touristic Use of the Natural Environment to Guarantee the Maintenance of Biodiversity
17.3.2 The Responsibility of Visitors Who Enjoy Natural Environments to Conserve Biodiversity
17.4 Discussion and Conclusions
Notes
References
Chapter 18: Marketing of Tourism Ecosystem Services in Times of Uncertainty: Lessons from a Health Tourism Destination in Poland
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Literature Review
18.2.1 Brand and Image: The Context of a Tourist Destination
18.2.2 Investigation of DMO Activities in Building the Brand of a Tourist Destination Based on Health and Safety
18.2.3 Health Tourism as a Component of the Ecosystem
18.2.4 The Role of DMOs in Creating Ecosystem Services: The Importance of Organisations in Tourism Development in the Post-COVID-19 Era
18.3 Methodology
18.4 Results and Discussion
18.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Understanding the Cultural Ecosystem Service of Heritage Tourism: The Case of Jatiluwih Heritage Tourism
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Theoretical Background
19.2.1 Heritage Tourism and Cultural Ecosystem Services
19.2.2 Research Method
19.3 Finding and Discussion
19.3.1 Cultural Ecosystem Services Development in Heritage Tourism
19.3.2 Cultural Ecosystem Services Experience in Heritage Tourism
19.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: Tourism and Restoration of Spring Ecosystem Services: Case Study of Latvia
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Literature Review
20.3 Methodology
20.4 Result
20.4.1 Water Spring Tourism in Latvia
20.4.2 State of Tourism and Its Impact on Spring Tourism
20.5 Findings, Discussion, and Implications
20.6 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Chapter 21: Tourism Ecosystem Services for MSMEs Post-COVID: The Case of Mauritius
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Literature Review
21.2.1 Tourism Ecosystem Post Pandemic
21.2.2 Value Addition in the Tourism Sector
21.2.3 Inclusiveness in the Tourism Business Model
21.2.4 Tourism Industry in Mauritius
21.2.4.1 Importance of Handicraft Sector in the Hospitality Sector
21.2.4.2 Constant Supply of Fresh Vegetables to Small Hotels
21.3 Methodology
21.4 Findings and Discussion
21.4.1 Conceptual Model
21.4.1.1 Description of the Proposed Model
21.5 Recommendations for the Implementation of the Model
21.5.1 Quality Standards for All Stakeholders in the Model
21.5.2 Quota for Procurement
21.5.3 Green Loan at Low Interest
21.5.4 Other Schemes for Purchase of Green Equipment
21.5.5 Provision of Compost-Making Machines
21.5.6 Creation of an Association for the Implementation of the Model
21.5.7 Get Everyone Involved
21.5.8 Creating Ambassadors
21.5.9 Regular Maintenance
21.5.10 Create an Energy and a Water Management Plan
21.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: Sustainable Cultural Ecosystem Services and Community-based Tourism (CBT) Models Post COVID-19 Pandemic within Aberdares Conservation Area and National Park, Kenya
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Literature Review
22.2.1 Theoretical Background
22.3 The Concept of Cultural Ecosystems
22.4 The Concept of Community-based Tourism (CBT)
22.5 Current Policy Frameworks on Cultural Ecosystems Services and CBT in Kenyan Context
22.6 Methodology
22.7 Results and Discussions
22.8 Policy Options, Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgment
References
Part VII: Conclusion
Chapter 23: Reflections and Conclusion: Management of Tourism Ecosystem Services Post Pandemic – Looking Ahead
23.1 Looking Ahead
23.2 Concluding Insight
References
Index