Magnetic Ferrites and Related Nanocomposites

Front Cover
Magnetic Ferrites and Related Nanocomposites
Magnetic Ferrites and Related Nanocomposites
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 - Fundamentals of ferrites
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Brief history of magnets
1.3 Basic science of magnetism
1.3.1 Origin of magnetism
1.3.2 Coulomb and Lorentz forces
1.3.3 Definition of fundamental magnetic parameters
1.3.4 Ampère's law
1.3.5 Faraday's law
1.3.6 Lenz's law
1.3.7 Maxwell's equations
1.4 Classes of magnetic materials
1.4.1 Diamagnetism
1.4.2 Paramagnetism
1.4.3 Ferromagnetism
1.4.4 Antiferromagnetism
1.4.5 Ferrimagnetism
1.5 Importance of ferrites
1.6 Fundamentals of ferrite crystal structures
1.6.1 Spinel ferrites
1.6.2 Hexagonal ferrites
1.6.2.1 The M structure
1.6.2.2 The W structure
1.6.2.3 The X structure
1.6.2.4 The Y structure
1.6.2.5 The Z structure
1.6.2.6 The U structure
1.6.3 Garnet structure
1.6.4 Orthoferrite structure
1.7 Superexchange interaction
1.8 Applications of ferrites
1.8.1 Applications of ferrites in microwave-absorbing media
1.8.2 Applications of ferrites in hard disk drives
1.8.3 Applications of ferrites in biosciences
1.8.4 Applications of ferrites in the environment
1.8.5 Applications of ferrites as permanent magnets
1.8.6 Applications of ferrites in modern electronics
1.8.6.1 Ferrite yokes
1.8.6.2 Ferrites in switched-mode power supplies
1.8.6.3 Ferrites in electromagnetic interference suppressors
1.8.6.4 Linear response application
1.8.6.5 Magnetoelectric sensors
1.8.7 Applications of ferrites in microwave devices
1.8.7.1 Miniature antennas
1.8.7.2 Ferrite isolators
1.8.7.3 Ferrite phase shifter
1.8.7.4 Ferrite circulators
References
2 - Ferrite characterization techniques
2.1 Introduction
2.2 X-ray diffraction
2.2.1 Fundamental principles of X-ray diffraction
2.2.2 X-ray diffraction components and performance
2.2.3 Applications
2.2.4 Strengths and limitations
2.3 Scanning electron microscopy
2.3.1 The basic principles of scanning electron microscopy
2.3.2 Scanning electron microscopy components and performance
2.3.3 Energy- and wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy
2.3.4 Applications
2.3.5 Strengths and limitations
2.4 Transmission electron microscopy
2.4.1 Selected area diffraction patterns
2.4.2 Kikuchi diffraction lines
2.4.3 Electron energy-loss spectroscopy
2.5 Atomic force microscopy
2.6 Magnetic force microscopy
2.7 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
2.7.1 Fundamental principles of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
2.7.2 Typical applications of Fourier transform infrared analysis of ferrite nanoparticles
2.8 Thermal analysis methods
2.8.1 Thermal gravimetric analysis
2.8.2 Differential thermal analysis
2.8.3 Simultaneous thermal analysis
2.8.4 Differential scanning calorimetry
2.9 Mössbauer spectroscopy of ferrites
2.10 Magnetic anisotropy
2.10.1 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy
2.10.2 Shape anisotropy
2.10.3 Induced magnetic anisotropy
2.10.4 Magnetostriction anisotropy
2.10.5 Magnetic surface and interface anisotropies
2.11 Magnetic domains
2.12 Vibrating sample magnetometer
2.12.1 Low-temperature vibrating sample magnetometer
2.12.2 High-temperature vibrating sample magnetometer
2.13 B–H tracer
2.14 Interpretation of the M–H loop
2.15 Henkel plot
2.16 Alternating current magnetic susceptibility
2.17 First-order reversal curve measurement
2.17.1 First-order reversal curve analysis background
2.17.2 First-order reversal curve analysis measurements
2.17.3 First-order reversal curve analysis applications
2.18 Measurement of permeability and Curie temperature
2.19 Measurement of permittivity
2.20 Definition of intrinsic impedance
2.21 Microwave reflection loss (R) measurements
References
3 - Magnetic ferrites
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Important definitions
3.2.1 Particles with single-domain structure
3.2.2 Time variation of magnetization
3.2.3 Superparamagnetic state
3.2.4 Snoek's law
3.3 Hexagonal ferrites
3.3.1 M-type hexagonal ferrites
3.3.1.1 Typical Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis
3.3.1.1.1 Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements of SrFe12−x(Sn0.5Zn0.5)xO19
3.3.1.1.1 Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements of SrFe12−x(Sn0.5Zn0.5)xO19
3.3.1.1.2 57Fe Mössbauer analysis of SrFe12−x(Cr0.5Al0.5)xO19
3.3.1.1.2 57Fe Mössbauer analysis of SrFe12−x(Cr0.5Al0.5)xO19
3.3.1.2 Magnetic properties of substituted strontium ferrite
3.3.1.3 Design criteria for perpendicular magnetic recording media
3.3.1.4 Magnetic properties of barium ferrites
3.3.1.5 Microwave absorption characteristics of hexagonal ferrites
3.3.2 W-type hexagonal ferrites
3.3.3 Y-type hexagonal ferrites
3.3.4 Z-type hexagonal ferrites
3.3.5 X-type hexagonal ferrites
3.3.6 U-type hexagonal ferrites
3.4 Spinel ferrites
3.4.1 Simple spinel ferrites
3.4.2 Mixed spinel ferrites
3.4.2.1 Mn–Zn ferrite
3.4.2.2 Ni–Zn ferrite
3.4.2.3 Zn–Co ferrite
3.4.3 Cobalt ferrites
3.4.3.1 Rare earth-substituted cobalt ferrites
3.4.3.2 Transition cation-substituted cobalt ferrites
3.5 Biomedical aspects of magnetite
3.6 Garnets
3.6.1 Yttrium iron garnet
3.6.2 Substituted yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles
3.6.3 Rare-earth-substituted yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles
3.6.4 Other types of garnet nanoparticles
References
4 - Magnetoelectric ferrite nanocomposites
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Magnetoelectric effect
4.3 Boomgaard's requirements
4.4 Ferroelectrics in magnetoelectric components
4.5 Ferrites in magnetoelectric components
4.6 Heterostructural configuration of ferrite/ferroelectric materials in magnetoelectric components
4.7 Applications of magnetoelectric components
4.8 Theoretical aspects of magnetoelectric effect
4.8.1 Maxwell–Wagner effect
4.8.2 Koop's theory
4.8.3 Jahn–Teller distortions
4.9 Ferrite/ferroelectric nanocomposites for magnetoelectric components
4.9.1 Nickel-based ferrite/ferroelectric components
4.9.2 Cobalt ferrite-ferroelectric magnetoelectric components
References
Further reading
5 - Exchange-spring ferrite nanocomposites
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Maximum energy product
5.2.1 Soft phase thickness dependence
5.2.2 The role of exchange length
5.3 Ferrite-based exchange-spring composites
5.4 Hard ferrite–soft iron oxide nanocomposites
5.5 Hexagonal ferrite–Ni-based spinel ferrite nanocomposites
5.6 Hexagonal ferrite–cobalt-based ferrite nanocomposites
5.7 Hard ferrite–soft iron cobalt core–shell nanocomposites
5.8 Ferrite thin-film bimagnets
5.9 Metallic magnet–ferrite and inverted nanocomposites
References
Further reading
6 - Microwave absorption of ferrite/carbon nanocomposites
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Shielding effectiveness
6.3 Absorbing media
6.4 Types of carbon materials
6.5 Polymers as supporting media for absorption
6.6 Permittivity and permeability of absorbing media
6.7 Hard ferrite/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
6.8 Hard ferrite/single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
6.9 Spinel ferrite/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
6.10 Ferrite/graphene nanocomposites
6.11 Ferrite/graphene oxide nanocomposites
6.12 Ferrite/carbon black nanocomposites
6.13 Ferrite/carbon fiber nanocomposites
6.14 Soft ferrite/amorphous carbon nanocomposites
6.15 Ferrite/porous carbon nanocomposites
6.16 Ferrite/graphite nanosheet nanocomposites
6.17 Ferrite-MoS2@nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid structure
References
Further reading
7 - Nanoferrite photocatalysts
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic definition of photocatalysts
7.3 Nanocrystalline Co-ferrite photocatalyst
7.4 Nanocrystalline Zn-ferrite photocatalyst
7.5 Nanocrystalline Ni–Zn-ferrite photocatalyst
7.6 Nanocrystalline Co–Zn–ferrite photocatalyst
7.7 Nanocrystalline Mn-rich ferrite photocatalyst
7.8 Nanocrystalline Li-ferrite and Mg-ferrite photocatalysts
7.9 Nanocrystalline Bi-ferrite photocatalyst
7.10 Ferrite nanocomposites photocatalysts
7.10.1 Photocatalytic properties of Ni1−xCoxFe2O4/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
7.10.2 Photocatalytic properties of Cu1−xCoxFe2O4/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites
7.10.3 Photocatalytic properties of reduced-graphene oxide-Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 ferrite nanohybrids
7.10.4 Photocatalytic properties of MnFe2O4 ferrite-graphene nanocomposites
7.10.5 Photocatalytic properties of TiO2/ferrite nanocomposites
References
8 - Ferrite synthesis methods
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Synthesis techniques for ferrite nanoparticles
8.2.1 Sol–gel technique
8.2.2 Coprecipitation technique
8.2.3 Microemulsion technique
8.2.4 Hydrothermal and solvothermal techniques
8.2.5 Mechanical milling technique
8.2.6 Thermal decomposition technique
8.2.7 Other ferrite nanoparticle synthesis techniques
8.2.8 Comparison of ferrite synthesis techniques
8.3 Bulk ferrite synthesis techniques
8.3.1 Spark plasma sintering technique
8.3.2 Hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing techniques
8.3.3 Cold isostatic pressing technique
8.4 Synthesis techniques of ferrite thin films
8.4.1 Physical vapor deposition technique
8.4.1.1 Vacuum evaporation
8.4.1.2 Arc vapor deposition
8.4.1.3 Ion plating
8.4.1.4 Sputtering deposition
8.4.2 Pulsed laser deposition
8.4.3 Molecular beam epitaxy
8.5 Synthesis techniques for ferrite nanofibers
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Back Cover