The book deals with methods for the description and design of electromagnetic components. Both linear and nonlinear components are covered. For electrical simulations the necessary equivalent circuit diagrams are derived and a general methodology is developed. Possible influences on properties via material selection, winding design and premagnetisation of sections are treated. Measurement characterization, modeling, possible errors and model limits are dealt with extensively. In the last chapter examples are discussed.
Author(s): Peter Zacharias
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 816
City: Wiesbaden
Preface
Symbol Directory
Coded Notation
Operations with Variables
Variables Used
Latin Letters
Greek Letters
Circuit Symbols
Contents
1: The Magnetostatic Field
1.1 Magnetic Field Quantities and Characteristics of Magnetic Circuits
1.2 The Circular Integral in the Magnetic Field - the Magnetomotive Force (MMF) - the Magnetic Force
1.3 The Magnetic Circuit and its Elements
1.4 Energy and Forces in the Magnetic Field
1.5 The Biot-Savart Law
1.6 The Lorentz Force
1.7 The Vector Potential
References
2: The Magnetodynamic Field
2.1 The Law of Induction
2.2 Self-Induction
2.3 Mutual Induction
2.4 Transformers
2.5 Oscillating Circuits with Concentrated Elements
2.6 Energy Propagation Between Lines and in the Space
2.7 The Maxwell Equations
References
3: Magnetic Properties of Materials
3.1 Macroscopic Description of Magnetic Properties
3.2 Atomistic Models of Magnetism
3.3 Temperature Influences on the Magnetic Properties
3.4 Loss Mechanisms in Magnetic Components
3.5 Energy and Forces in the Magnetic Field
3.6 Magnetostriction
References
4: Optimization of Soft Magnetic Components
4.1 Basic Requirements for Soft Magnetic High Performance Materials
4.2 Description of Core Losses During Magnetization
4.3 Optimization Approach for Transformers
4.4 Optimization Approach for Chokes with an Air Gap
4.5 Special Material Problems in the Design of Inductive Components
4.6 Optimization Approach for Saturable (Switching) Chokes
References
5: Transformation of Magnetic and Electrical Circuits
5.1 Comparison of Magnetic and Electrical Circuits
5.2 Magnetization of a Core Section by a Current-Conducting Winding
5.3 Duality Principle and Graphic Circuit Inversion
5.4 Coupling of an Electrically-Caused Alternating Magnetic Flux into an Electromagnetic Circuit with Interactions Between Bot...
5.5 Modeling Example of a Linear ``Leakage Core´´ Transformer
5.6 Modelling Approach for Nonlinear Magnetic Sections
5.7 Consideration of Hard Magnetic Properties
5.8 Variable Magnetic Sections in Inductive Structures
References
6: Calculation and Modelling of Linear Magnetic Field Sections in Magnetic Devices
6.1 Elementary Magnetic Conductance/Permeance
6.2 Distributed Magnetic Field Quantities Versus Lumped Equivalent Parameters
6.3 Inductance of Conductors and Conductor Arrangements
6.4 Inductance of Windings
6.5 Leakage Inductance Between Windings
6.6 Approaches to Determine the Leakage Inductance with Different Winding Arrangements
6.7 Design of Transformers and Chokes with Strong Yoke Leakage
6.8 Determination of Parameters of Inductive Components with Toroidal Cores
6.9 Permeability as a Complex Parameter
6.10 Complex Permeability of Winding Material and Structural Parts
References
7: Characterization of Inductive Components
7.1 Basics
7.2 Equivalent Circuits for Inductors
7.3 Characterization of Inductive Components by Measuring Sinusoidal Voltage, Current and Their Phase Relation
7.4 Bridge Circuits for Determining the Impedance Components of Inductive Components
7.5 Measuring the B(H(T)) Characteristic
7.6 Transformer Measurement Methods
7.7 Calorimetric Methods for Loss Determination
References
8: Apparent Power and Volume at Inductive Components
8.1 Basic Considerations Using the Example of Transformers
8.2 Size of Optimized Ferrite Chokes and Transformers
8.3 Consideration of Dielectric Properties in the Core
8.4 Small Transformers for Mains Frequency
8.5 Problems of Increasing the Operating Frequency
8.6 Transmission and Distribution Transformers of Power Supply Systems
8.7 Windings of Copper or Aluminium
References
9: Approximation of Empirical Characteristic Curves
9.1 Dimensional Analysis for Ordering Influencing and Resulting Values Among Each Other
9.2 Linear Regression Analysis
9.3 General Approach as Linear Combination of Influences
9.4 Planning of Experiments
9.5 Determination of an Optimized Functional System for the Approximation of Measurement Data from Random Samples of the Measu...
9.6 Properties of the Approximating Basic Vectors
9.7 Quality Functionalities for the Approximation
9.8 Algorithms for the Numerical Solution of the Approximation Tasks
References
10: Application Examples
10.1 Shunts for Current Measurement
10.2 Current Transformers for Current Measurement
10.3 Rogowski Coils for Current Measurement
10.4 Design Aspects of Chokes
10.5 Controllable Inductors
10.6 DC/DC Converter with 2 Chokes Without Coupling on One Core
10.7 Controllable Harmonic Absorber Filters to Reduce Harmonic Mains Currents
10.8 Coupled Inductors for Interleaved Operation
10.9 DC/DC Converter with Reduced Voltage Stress at the Switches
10.10 Double Pulse Test for Semiconductor Switching Elements
10.11 Possibilities of Influencing Leakage Inductances
10.12 Single-Phase Transformers for Voltage Adjustment and Insulation
10.13 Transformers for Multiphase Voltage Systems
10.14 Transmission Line Transformers (TLT)
Circuits with Coaxial Lines
Transformers with Symmetrical Double Lines
10.15 Transformers with Controllable Output Voltage
10.16 Electronic ``Direct Current Transformers´´
10.17 Transformerless Grid Connected AC Current Feed in from DC Sources and Storages
10.18 Mains Pollutions of Power Converters (EMC) and Non-Linear Loads and Their Influence by Transformers
10.19 Pseudo Multilevel Converter
10.20 Energy Recovery from a Converter by Choke Transformer
10.21 Inverter Based on a T-Filter
10.22 Power-Modulated Electronic Power Source for Longitudinal Gas Flow CO2 cw Lasers
10.23 Description of Resonant Circuits and Resonant Circuits in the Phase Plane
10.24 Magnetic Stabilization of Heating Voltages
10.25 Oscillators with Non-Linear Magnetic Components
10.26 Circuit Concepts for Generating Short High-Energy Pulses for Pulse Power Applications
10.27 Pulse Laser with Semiconductor Switch
10.28 Magnetic Amplifier
10.29 Rough Dimensioning of a Transformer
10.30 Influence of Winding Material on Quality of HF Coils
10.31 Large-Signal Power Loss Measurements on Large Cores
10.32 Modelling the Dependence of the Inductance of Air Gap Reactors
10.33 Dimensioning of a Choke for a Buck Converter with AMCC Core
10.34 Current Ripple Cancellation in DC/DC and DC/AC Converters
10.35 Controllable Inductors in Parallel Operation
References
Related Literature
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10.1
Chapter 10.2
Chapter 10.3
Chapter 10.5
Chapter 10.7
Chapter 10.8
Chapter 10.10
Chapter 10.13
Chapter 10.15
Chapter 10.17
Chapter 10.22
Chapter 10.23
Chapter 10.24
Chapter 10.26
Index
