This third volume completes the first part of the project " Macromolecular Physics." The first volume dealt with the description of macromolecular crystals; the second volume dealt with crystal growth; and the third volume summarizes our knowledge of the melting of linear, flexible macromolecules. The discussion in the three volumes goes from reasonably well-established topics, such as the structure, morphology, and defects in crystals, to topics still in flux, such as crystal nucleation, detailed growth mechanisms, and annealing processes, to arrive at the present topics of equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and copolymer melting. Our knowledge is quite limited on many aspects of these latter topics.
Author(s): Bernhard Wunderlich
Series: Macromolecular physics vol. 1
Edition: 1st
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 1973
Language: English
Pages: 564
1.1 The Macromolecular Hypothesis......Page 13
1.2 The Synthesis of Macromolecules......Page 16
1.3 The Molecular Weight......Page 19
1.4 The Molecular Conformation......Page 22
1.5 Isomers and Copolymers......Page 26
References......Page 31
2.1 Discovery and Proof of the Lattice Theory......Page 33
2.2.1 Translation Lattices......Page 37
2.2.2 Point Groups......Page 40
2.2.3 Space Groups......Page 43
2.2.4 Combination of Motif and Repetition Scheme......Page 48
2.3 Structures of Minimum Free Energy......Page 51
2.3.1 Atomic Radii......Page 55
2.3.2 Close Packing of Spheres......Page 60
2.3.3 Close Packing of Molecules......Page 67
2.3.4 Rotational Isomers......Page 74
2.3.5 Helices......Page 81
2.3.6 Packing of Macromolecules......Page 97
2.4 Crystal Structures of Macromolecules......Page 107
2.4.1 Class 1 Polymers......Page 108
2.4.2 Vinyl Polymers......Page 112
2.4.3 Diene Polymers......Page 123
2.4.4 Polyoxides......Page 129
2.4.5 Polyesters......Page 137
2.4.6 Polyamides......Page 143
2.4.7 Other Polymers......Page 152
2.4.8 Isomorphism......Page 159
2.4.9 Other Regular Structures......Page 173
References......Page 179
3.1.1 History......Page 190
3.1.2 Crystal Symmetry and Form......Page 192
3.2 Macromolecular Crystals......Page 195
3.2.1 Early Investigations......Page 197
3.2.2 Chain Folding......Page 205
3.3.1 Extended Chain Lamellae......Page 229
3.3.2 Folded Chain Lamellae......Page 244
3.3.3 Multilayer Crystals......Page 271
3.4 Epitaxy......Page 278
3.4.1 Epitaxy on Oriented Polymer Related Surfaces......Page 279
3.4.2 Epitaxy on Nonpolymeric Crystals......Page 287
3.4.3 Epitaxy on Other Surfaces......Page 292
3.5 Twinned Crystals......Page 295
3.6 Dendrites......Page 307
3.6.1 Formation of Dendrites......Page 311
3.6.2 Morphology of Dendrites......Page 316
3.7 Spherulites......Page 325
3.7.1 General Principles of Spherulite Crystallization......Page 334
3.7.2 Optical Properties of Spherulites......Page 337
3.7.3 Extended Chain Spherulites......Page 341
3.7.4 Folded Chain Spherulites......Page 345
3.8 Fibrous Crystals......Page 351
3.8.1 Fibers Grown on Crystallization during Polymerization......Page 353
3.8.2 Fibers Formed on Deformation......Page 360
3.8.3 Fibers Formed on Fibrillation......Page 369
3.8.4 Other Fibers and Needle-like Crystals......Page 371
3.9 Isometric Crystals......Page 373
References......Page 378
4.1 Macroscopic Recognition of Defects......Page 392
4.1.1 Density......Page 394
4.1.2 X-Ray Diffraction......Page 399
4.1.3 Calorimetric Methods......Page 413
4.1.4 Etching Techniques......Page 420
4.1.5 Infrared Absorption......Page 426
4.1.6 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance......Page 431
4.1.7 Other Methods......Page 437
4.2 Defect Concepts......Page 447
4.2.1 Crystallinity......Page 448
4.2.2 Paracrystallinity......Page 450
4.2.3 The Kink Model......Page 458
4.3 Microscopic Defects......Page 464
4.3.1 Amorphous Defects......Page 466
4.3.2 Surface Defects......Page 469
4.3.3 Dislocations......Page 481
4.3.4 Point Defects......Page 497
4 . 4 Deformation of Polymer Crystals......Page 501
4.4.1 Slip Planes......Page 503
4.4.2 Kink-Bands......Page 509
4.4.3 Drawing......Page 510
4.4.4 Rolled Polyethylene......Page 519
References......Page 523
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 535
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 550
