Macmillan GeoWorld 9

Foreword viii
Introduction 1
Unit 1
Biomes and food security2
Chapter 1
Food, glorious food!4
11 World biomes and food 6
12 Biomes: net primary productivity 8
13 Tropical rainforests: food and non-food products10
14 Poles apart: low primary productivity12
15 Marine biomes produce food14
16 Anthromes: changing biomes for food16
17 Chicken farming in diverse biomes18
18 Winegrowing adaptations to changing biomes 20
19 Cotton farming 22
110 Living in food bowls 24
111 Farm study: fieldwork 26
Geothink 30
Chapter 2
Changing food production32
21 What the world eats in a day 34
22 Food production: past and future 36
23 Changing production: bush tucker 38
24 Threats to traditional Maasai agriculture 40
25 Producing potatoes42
26 Rice: Asia’s important crop 44
27 Bali: the rice island 46
28 Famous rice terrace ecosystem in China 48
29 The spice industry 50
210 Agricultural production in Afghanistan 52
211 Diverting land from food to tobacco 54
212 Food and non-food products from forests 56
213 Chocolate: from ground to mouth 58
214 Sugar: soft drink versus ethanol 60
215 Producers: small farms, women and children 62
216 Nutrients and food production 64
217 Retailing food 66
Geothink 68
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Contents
Chapter 3
Factors affecting crop yields70
31 Environmental factors 72
32 Productive volcanic soils74
33 Economic factors76
34 Irrigation over time 78
35 Wheat and canola in Western Australia 80
36 From crop to pork chop 82
37 Technological factors 84
38 Fruit and labour supply 86
Geothink 88
Chapter 4
Challenges to food production 90
41 Agroecosystems 92
42 Deforestation and food security 94
43 Soil: a fragile resource 96
44 Salinity: food’s white death 98
45 Food security and desertification100
46 Water availability and access for agriculture102
47 Maintaining agrobiodiversity104
48 Competing land use and land grabs106
49 Competing land use: wetlands108
410 Mining and fracking 110
411 Sea level threat to coastal agriculture 112
412 Towards sustainable agriculture 114
413 Geoskills in focus 116
Geothink 118
Chapter 5
Food security for a growing population 120
51 Everyone has the right to food122
52 Towards food security for all 124
53 Hungry planet 126
54 The malnutrition crisis 128
55 Famine in the Horn of Africa130
56 Globesity and food security 132
57 Culture and food security134
58 Food insecurity in Australia, Middle East and North Africa136
59 Food wastage138
510 Feedlots, fake meat or veganism?140
511 Food deserts and miles: access to food 142
512 Urban and peri-urban agriculture144
513 Seafood146
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Contents
514 Declining fish stocks148
515 Super trawlers150
516 Coral reefs: a source of food 152
517 Unsustainable fishing: South Pacific154
518 Mangroves and shrimp farms: food sources156
519 Food insecurity and sustainability158
520 Agriculture in the Northern Territory160
Geothink162
Unit 2
Geographies of interconnections164
Chapter 6
World of teenagers 166
61 Perceptions of personal places: bedrooms168
62 The iGeneration: perceptions of places 170
63 Sense of place and belonging 172
64 Aboriginal teenagers’ sense of place and belonging 174
65 Teenagers’ perceptions of place 176
66 Mapping the self: personal geographies 178
67 Graffiti: perceptions of place180
68 Suburban malls: meeting places182
69 Connecting places and people184
610 Exclusion from places and people186
611 Place and disability188
612 Place and cultural diversity190
613 Building inclusive places for women 192
Geothink194
Chapter 7
Transport and ICT interconnections 196
71 ICT interconnections198
72 Transport interconnections 200
73 Global gateways: a smaller world202
74 Satellites, drones and cables 204
75 Cyberattacks and spoofing 206
76 Asia–Pacific: linking in 208
77 Digital connectivity 210
78 Outsourcing: call centres 212
79 The digital divide 214
710 Technology use in Africa 216
711 Social media and social change 218
712 Connecting places: spatial technology220
Geothink 222
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Contents
Chapter 8
Production of goods and services: interconnections and effects 224
81 From harvest to wardrobe226
82 Counting the costs of cotton 228
83 Chocolate 230
84 Cafe culture232
85 Palm oil 234
86 Fairtrade 236
87 Global giants 238
88 Fair play: Nike240
89 Shanghai century242
810 Effects of oil on people and places 244
811 Environmental effects of oil 246
812 Global growth of goods: armaments and illegal drugs 248
813 Trading in a creative world: handicrafts 250
814 Impacts of grey nomads on places and communities252
815 Interconnections through trade in services 254
816 Australian places interconnected by goods and services 256
817 Effects of trade on car production 258
818 Production, manufacturing and disposal of wastes 260
Geothink262
Chapter 9
Travel, recreation, culture and leisure choices264
91 The ins and outs of tourism 266
92 Tourism: good or bad? 268
93 Medical tourism270
94 Child labour and tourism272
95 Extreme tourism 274
96 Theme parks276
97 Tourism: a matter of communication278
98 Ecotourism 280
99 Future tourism and marketing282
910 Surfing tourism 284
911 Surf City 286
912 Sport: culture, leisure and terrorism 288
913 The effect of culture on people and places 290
914 The effect of religious events on places292
915 The effect of cultural events and festivals on places 294
916 Future of cultural recreational places 296
Geothink 298
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Contents
Geoskills 300
Index 310
Acknowledgements320