"Over the years, the field of pattern recognition has attracted workers from a variety of areas such as engineering, system theory, statistics, linguistics, psychology, etc., resulting in a vast literature containing abstract mathematical approaches as well as highly pragmatic techniques. This literature is scattered in a large number of journals in several fields. At least three IEEE journals regularly publish pattern recognition papers. While several textbooks are available for a beginner in the field, a need often arises to go to the source, which, due to the nature of the literature in this field, is not always a straightforward task. This collection of selected readings is not limited to early or "classic'' papers. Rather it is designed to be a companion volume to many of the textbooks in pattern recognition and to be asource of useful references for engineers interested in developing the many potential applications of pattern recognition methodology.
...Pattern recognition is an applied field which tends to discover techniques to solve practical problems. Over the years, however, a lot of theory has been developed with little application of the theory being attempted to the extent that, for a practical problem, the approach to be taken Is rarely clear. Within the last few years, there has been a tendency to use interactive systems which allow the user to apply a variety of techniques to the problem at hand. The problems of dimensionality, sample size, and the error rate often tend to limit the design goals. A highlight of this volume is the selections on these topics. Nine papers covering all the major issues involved in these areas are included.
Although pattern recognition techniques can be applied to a variety of problems in a number of fields, only optical character recognition (OCR), blood cell recognition, and isolated speech recognition have reached a stage of commercial use. However, except in the already mature area of OCR, no fully documented case histories are available in the literature. Although the work on OCR is nearly two decades old, the early approaches did not exploit the theoretical advances and relied only on ad hoc techniques. Due to proprietary reasons, most of the more recent commercial applications (e.g., blood cells) described in the literature give general discussions, often leaving out crucial details. The application papers included here are intended to give an indication of potential rather than specific case histories. One hopes that well-developed case histories will appear in the not too distant future."
- Preface
1. Overview
- "Patterns in Pattern Recognition: 1968-1974", L. Kanal (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, November 1974)
2. Models
- "An Optimum Character Recognition System Using Decision Functions", C. K. Chow (IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers, December 1957)
- "Perceptron Simulation Experiments", F. Rosenblatt (Proceedings of the IRE, March 1960)
- "Speech Recognition: A Model and a Program for Research, M. Halle and K. Stevens (IRE Transactions on Information Theory, February 1962)
- "Abstraction and Pattern Classification", R. Bellman, R. Kalaba, and L. Zadeh (Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 1966)
- "A Note on Learning Signal Detection", M. Kac (IRE Transactions on Information Theory, February 1962)
3. Computations and Implementations
- "Interactive Pattern Analysis and Classification Systems: A Survey and Commentary", L. N. Kanal (Proceedings of the IEEE, October 1972)
- "System Considerations for Automatic Imagery Screening", T. J. Harley, Jr., L. N. Kanal, and N. C. Rardall (Pictorial Pattern Recognition, 1968)
- "A Comparison of Analog and Digital Techniques for Pattern Recognition", K. Preston, Jr. (Proceedings of the IEEE, October 1972)
4. Feature Extraction and Selection
- "A Criterion and An Algorithm for Grouping Data", K. Fukunaga and W. L. G. Koontz (IEEE Transactions on Computers, October 1970)
- "A Comparison of Seven Techniques for Choosing Subsets of Pattern Recognition Properties", A. N. Mucciardi and E. E. Gose (IEEE Transactions on Computers, September 1971)
- "Feature Extraction on Binary Patterns", G. Nagy (IEEE Transactions on Systems Science and Cybernetics, October 1969)
- "An Optimal Set of Discriminant Vectors", D. H. Foley and J. W. Sammon, Jr. (IEEE Transactions on Computers, March 1975)
- "On the Choice of Variables in Classification Problems with Dichotomous Variables", J. D. Elashoff, R. M. Elashoff, and G. E. Goldman (Biometrika, December 1967).
5. Mean Accuracy
- "On the Mean Accuracy of Statistical Pattern Recognizers", G. F. Hughes (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, January 1968)
-- "Comments ''On the Mean Accuracy of Statistical Pattern Recognizers" and "Author's Reply"", K. Abend, T. J. Harley, Jr., B. Chandrasekaran, and G. F. Hughes (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1969)
- "Independence of Measurements and the Mean Recognition Accuracy", B. Chandrasekaran (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, July 1971; Correction in January 1972)
- "The Mean Accuracy of Pattern Recognizers with Many Pattern Classes", R. Y. Kain (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1969)
6. Mapping
- "An Optimal Discriminant Plane", J. W. Sammon, Jr. (IEEE Transactions on Computers, September 1970)
- "A Nonlinear Mapping for Data Structure Analysis", J. W. Sammon, Jr. (IEEE Transactions on Computers, May 1969)
- "A Projection Pursuit Algorithm for Exploratory Data Analysis", J. H. Friedman and J. W. Tukey (IEEE Transactions on Computers, September 1974)
7. Dimensionality, Sample Size and Probability of Error
- "Bibliography on Estimation of Misclassification", G. 7. Toussaint (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, July 1974)
- "On Dimensionality and Sample Size in Statistical Pattern Classification", L. Kanal and B. Chandrasekaran (Proceedings of the National Electronics Conference, December 1968)
- "Considerations of Sample and Feature Size", D. H. Foley (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, September 1972)
- "Estimation of Error Rates in Discriminant Analysis", P. A. Lachenbruch and M. R. Mickey (Technometrics, February 1968)
- "On Optimum Recognition Error and Reject Tradeoff", C. K. Chow (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, January 1970)
- "Estimation of Classification Error", K. Fukunaga and D. L. Kessell (IEEE Transactions on Computers, December 1971)
- "Application of Optimum Error-Reject Functions", K. Fukunaga and D. L. Kessell (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, November 1972)
- "Nonparametric Bayes Error Estimation Using Unclassified Samples", K. Fukunaga and D. L. Kessell (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, July 1973)
- "Independence, Measurement Complexity, and Classification Performance", B. Chandrasekaran and A. K. Jain (IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, March 1975)
8. Classification
- "On Pattern Classification Algorithms - Introduction and Survey", Y. C. Ho and A. K. Agrawala (Proceedings of the IEEE, December 1968).
- "Discriminatory Analysis, Nonparametric Discrimination: Consistency Properties", E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Jr. (USAF School of Aviation Medicine Project Report, February 1959)
- "Discriminatory Analysis, Nonparametric Discrimination: Small Sample Performance", E. Fix and J. L. Hodges, Jr., (USAF School of Aviation Medicine Project Report, August 1952)
- "The Use of Multiple Measurements in Taxonomic Problems", R. A. Fisher (Annals of Eugenics, 1936)
- "Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification", T. M. Cover and P. E. Hart (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, January 1967)
- "The Condensed Nearest Neighbor Rule", P. E. Hart (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1968)
- "An Algorithm for Finding Nearest Neighbors", J. H. Friedman, F. Baskett, and L. J. Shustek (IEEE Transactions on Computers, October 1975)
- "A Classifier Design Technique for Discrete Variable Pattern Recognition Problems", J. C. Stoffel (IEEE Transactions on Computers, April 1974).
9. Applications
- "The Analysis of Cell Images", J. VM. S. Prewitt and M. L. Mendelsohn (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, January 31, 1966)
- "Digital Image-Processing Activities in Remote Sensing for Earth Resources", G. Nagy (Proceedings of the IEEE, October 1972)
- "Digital Analysis of the Electroencephalogram, the Blood Pressure Wave, and the Electrocardiogram", J. R. Cox, Jr., F. M. Nolle, and R. M. Arthur (Proceedings of the
IEEE, October 1972)
- "Comparative Religion in Character Recognition Machines", A. W. Holt (IEEE Computer Group News, November 1968)
- "Design of a Linguistic Statistical Decoder for the Recognition of Continuous Speech", F. Jelinek, L. R. Bahl, and R. L. Mercer (IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 1975)
- "Application of Pattern Recognition to Steady-State Security. Evaluation in a Power System", C. K. Pang, A. J. Koivo, and A. H. El-Abiad (IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, November 1973)
- Author Index
- Subject Index
- Editor's Biography
