This book is ideal for the practicing clinician looking to better understand how our environment impacts the lung. A compilation of reviews explores how clinicians can be aware and better determine environmental effects on lung health, and provides guidelines for medical providers to diagnose, counsel and mitigate risk. Various lung diseases are affected by the external environment. Asthma is common, however other airways diseases, such as interstitial lung disease, malignancies, and even adverse effects from reactions treatments for other medical conditions can affect the health of the lungs. While there are books and chapters written on occupational lung disease and environmental causes of asthma, the intent of this body of work is to address the exposome and the effects on a broader group of lung disease.
In addition to information on traditional exposure sources, such as air pollution and occupational exposures, this resource explores newer areas of interest, including lung disease from recreational inhalants and the role of climate change on lung health. Written by expert respiratory specialists, the articles cover a wide range of topics, including:- How air pollution effects airways disease, including asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis
- Risk factors and effects of indoor mold exposure
Both medical and non-medical exposures that increase the risk of or cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) - Acute and chronic lung disease associated with recreational inhalants
- The epidemiologic and molecular mechanisms of air pollution effects on pulmonary hypertension
- Climate change and weather-related lung health issues
- Areas in this field that need further evaluation
Author(s): Sumita B. Khatri, Emily J. Pennington
Series: Respiratory Medicine
Publisher: Humana Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 209
City: New York
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Air Matters: The Effect of Ozone and Traffic Related Air Pollution on the Airways
Introduction
Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone
Air Pollution (TRAP and Ozone) Effects on Lung Disease
Epidemiology of Traffic Related and Ozone Air Pollution and Lung Health
Pathophysiology of TRAP: Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Oxides, Ozone
Clinical Implications of Traffic Related and Ozone Pollution
Public Health and Prevention
Summary/Conclusion
References
Environmental Factors on Lung Health in Cystic Fibrosis and Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Function and Pulmonary Exacerbation in CF
Effects of Air Pollution on Acquisition of Pulmonary Infections
Effects of Indoor Mold Exposure
Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure on Lung Health in CF
Effects of Rising Temperature and Climate Change on Lung Health in CF
Effects of Air Pollution on Lung Function and Pulmonary Exacerbation in Non-CF Bronchiectasis
Exposure to Arsenic and Bronchiectasis
Summary
References
Molds and Respiratory Disease
Introduction
Basics
Molds and Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Asthma
ABPA
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Toxic Mold Syndromes: Public Concerns and Current Scientific Knowledge
Conclusion
References
Occupational Exposome and Lung Health
Introduction
Occupational Asthma
Industry Associated Occupational Lung Disease
Agricultural Associated Respiratory Disease
Farmers Lung
Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome
Silo Fillers Disease
Manufacturing
Lung Disease Associated with Food Manufacturing
Flavoring Associated Bronchiolitis Obliterans
Lung Disease Associated with Textile Manufacturing
Byssinosis
Nylon Flock Workers Lung
Mining and Heavy Industry
Coal Dust Associated Lung Disease
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Chronic Beryllium Disease
Hard Metal Lung Disease
Potential Pulmonary Impact of Unconventional Natural Gas Development
Occupational Lung Disease in Military Personnel and First Responders
Deployment Related Lung Disease
World Trade Center Associated Lung Disease
Evaluating and Managing Occupational Exposures
References
Environmental and Pollution Related Risks for Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Overview of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Clinical Manifestations
Investigations
High-Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT)
Pulmonary Function Tests
Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
Histopathology
Diagnostic Criteria
Treatment
Prognosis
Environmental Exposure and Influence of Pollution
Antigen Identification
Causative Antigens
Farmer’s Lung
Bird Fancier’s Lung (Avian Antigens)
Metalworking Fluid HP
Hot Tub Lung
Fungal Exposure
Chemical Exposure
Environmental Associated Risk and Protecting Factors
Air Pollution
Pesticides
Viral Infections
Cigarette Smoking
Prevention
Future Directions
References
Lung Cancer in Never Smokers
Introduction
Epidemiology
Non-tobacco Risk Factors for Lung Cancer
Radon
Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Occupational Exposures
Indoor Air Pollution
Infections
Tuberculosis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Human Papillomavirus
Helicobacter Pylori
Chronic Lung Diseases
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Sarcoidosis
Electronic Cigarettes
Clinical Presentation of Non-tobacco Related Lung Cancer
Screening
Conclusion
References
Acute and Chronic Lung Disease from Recreational Inhalants
Introduction
Electronic (e-)Cigarettes and Vaping
Acute Pulmonary Complications of e-Cigarettes
EVALI
Chronic Pulmonary Complications of e-Cigarettes
Marijuana
Acute Pulmonary Complications of Inhalational Marijuana Use
Chronic Pulmonary Complications of Marijuana
Hookah
Acute Pulmonary Complications of Hookah
Chronic Pulmonary Complications of Hookah
Other Recreational Inhalants
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Heroin and Other Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Commercial and Chemical Inhalants
Conclusion
References
Pulmonary Hypertension and Air Pollution
Introduction
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Definition and Classification
Pulmonary Vascular Disease and Air Pollution
Pathobiology of PH and Air Pollution
Limitations, Future Study, and Conclusions
References
Climate Change and the Lung Exposome
Introduction
Basic Concepts Pertaining to Climate and Climate Change
Changes to the Lung Exposome in the Age of Climate Change
Extreme Events
The Smoldering Consequences of Climate Change
In Conclusion
References
Index
