This book provides comprehensive coverage of different aspects of low-power circuit synthesis for IoT applications at various levels of the design hierarchy, starting from the layout level to the system level. For a seamless understanding of the subject, the basics of MOS circuits have been introduced at the transistor, gate and circuit level, followed by various low-power design methodologies, such as supply voltage scaling, switched capacitance minimization techniques, and leakage power minimization approaches. The contents of this book are useful to students, researchers, as well as practicing engineers. Low-power architectures refer to the latest development in computer microchips which are created by integrating hundreds of thousands of transistors on one chip for different IoT applications. Emerging research in this area has the potential to uncover further applications for IoT in addition to system advancements.
Author(s): Devendra Kumar Sharma, Rohit Sharma, Gwanggil Jeon, Zdzislaw Polkowski
Series: Springer Tracts in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 269
City: Singapore
Preface
Organization of the Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 A Study on Energy Management for Low-Power IoT Devices
Introduction
Low-Power IoT Devices
Energy Harvesting
Energy Harvesting Architectures
Sources of Energy Harvesting
Energy Storage in IoT
Energy Harvesting-Based IoT System: Case Studies
Energy Conservation
Hardware-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
Communication-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
OS-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
Software-Level Energy Conservation Technologies
Cloud and Fog Computing Roles in IoT Energy Management
Conclusions
References
2 Efficient FPGA-Based Implementation of Image Segmentation Algorithms for IoT Applications
Introduction
Literature Review
Implementation
Results
Conclusion
References
3 Study of Adiabatic Logic-Based Combinational and Sequential Circuits for Low-Power Applications
Introduction
Preliminaries
Power-Clock Generation
Adiabatic and Non-adiabatic Losses
Adiabatic Logic Circuits
Adiabatic Technique-Based Combinational Circuits
Adiabatic Logic-Based Inverter
Adiabatic Logic-Based Gates
Adiabatic Logic-Based Adder
Adiabatic Logic-Based Subtractor
Adiabatic Logic-Based Comparator
Adiabatic Logic-Based Multiplexer
Adiabatic Logic-Based Multiplier
Adiabatic Technique-Based Sequential Circuits
Flip-Flops
Shift Register
Counter
Result Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
References
4 Low Power Methodologies for FPGA—An Overview
Introduction
Architecture of FPGA
Design at Level of System
Design at Level of Device
Design at Level of Circuit and Architecture
Modeling of Power
FPGA CAD
Conclusion
References
5 IoT Devices Based Low Power Dependability
Introduction
Related Works
Energy Efficiency
Approximation on IoT
Reliability on IoT
Conclusion
References
6 Data Converter Design Space Exploration for IoT Applications: An Overview of Challenges and Future Directions
Introduction
Data Converter Overview
Converter Architectures
Figure-of-Merits
Present State-of-Art
Data Converters for IoT
Motivation
Growth and Marketplace
ADC/DAC Requirement for IoT
Challenges and Future Directions
References
7 IoT-Based Efficient and Complete Management on Street Parking
Introduction
Literature Review
Smart Parking System
Working
Results
Conclusion
Future Scope
References
8 UM5 of Rabat to Deep Space: Ultra-Wide Band and High Gain Only-Metal Fabry–Perot Antenna for Interplanetary CubeSats in IoT Infrastructure
Introduction
Antenna Design Geometrical Description
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
9 A Shared Patch MIMO Antenna for NB-IoT Applications
Introduction
Antenna Design and Analysis
Result and Findings
Conclusion
References
10 Development of Laser Beam Cutting Edge Technology and Iot Based Race Car Lapse Time Computational System
Introduction
Literature Review
Proposed Method
Block Diagram
Simulation of Proposed System
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
References
11 IoT-Based Solar-Assisted Low-Cost Ceramic Water Purification in Rainwater Harvesting System
Introduction
Major Traditional Rainwater Harvesting Systems in India
Recent Rainwater Harvesting System
Advantages of Harvesting Rainwater
Necessity for Purification of Rainwater
Methods of Purification for Harvested Rainwater
Recognized Research on IoT-Based Rain Water Harvesting
Working Principle
Flowchart of Harvesting Water
Policy for Educational Institutions Against Rain Water Harvesting System
Interventions from Government Nodal Agencies
Conclusions
References
12 Leveraging Blockchain Technology in Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Scenarios
Introduction
Industry 4.0
Nine Pillars of Industry 4.0
Big Data and Analytics
Autonomous Robots
Simulation
System Integration
The Industrial Internet of Things
Cyber Security and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS)
Cloud Computing
Additive Manufacturing
Augmented Reality (AR)
Blockchain
Structure of Blockchain
Working of Blockchain
Overview of Characteristics
Types of Blockchains
Drivers
Recent Advancements
Conclusion and Future Research Directions
References
13 Decentralized Blockchain Technology for the Development of IoT-Based Smart City Applications
Introduction
Overview of Blockchain
What is Blockchain?
Types of Blockchain
Working of Blockchain
Blockchain-Enabled HIoT Systems—A Case Study from a Smart City Perspective
Storing Medical Data of Patients
Examine the Effect of Procedure
Alert During a Clinical Trial
Transparency, Safety, and Privacy
Hospitals Annual Financial Report
Monitoring of Patient
Recognizing the Fake Records
Research and Development
Reduce the Transaction Cost
Blockchain-Based Solutions for IoT and Smart City Applications
Future Research Direction
Blockchain-As-A-Service (BaaS)
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
Conclusion
References
14 Nullifying the Prevalent Threats in IoT Based Applications and Smart Cities Using Blockchain Technology
Introduction
Overview of Smart City
Smart Cities Dimensions
Security Framework
Attacks in IoT Enabled Smart City Applications
Data and Identity Theft
Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack (DDoS)
Permanent Denial of Service (PDoS)
Device Hijacking
Man-In-The-Middle (MITM)
Eclipse Attack
Sybil Attack
Double Spending
Race Attack
51% Attack
Blockchain Enabled Smart Cities
Motivation for Deployment of Blockchain in IoT Based Smart Cities
Blockchain Technology Overview
Recent Advancements in Blockchain Assisted IoT and Smart City Applications
Future Research Directions
Conclusion
References
