Loving and Studying Nature: Celebrating the Earth through History, Culture and Education

Series Editors’ Foreword
Acknowledgement
References
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview: Visions of Nature
1.1 Shifting Attitudes, Changing Values
1.2 Historical Episodes in Love and Study of Nature
Chapter 2: A Ravaged Land: The Mining City of Broken Hill
2.1 From Tented Encampment to Heritage City
2.2 Dust
2.3 Inland Living
2.4 Discovery, Settlement and Destruction of Western Lands: From Charles Sturt, Explorer, to the Spread of Pastoralism
2.5 The Western Lands Commission of 1900–1901
2.6 Aftermath. A Partial Diagnosis and Continued Failings
Chapter 3: Recovery
3.1 A Mining Turnaround
3.2 The Leadership of A.J. Keast and H.S. Robinson
3.3 Extending the Vision
3.4 Re-vegetation Starts
3.5 Nature’s Friends: Albert and Margaret Morris
3.6 The Barrier Field Naturalists Club
3.7 Impact and Legacy
Chapter 4: Bison and Beyond – Artists Encounter Animals
4.1 Ancient Southern European Cave Art
4.1.1 Reading Ancient Cave Art
4.1.2 Discovery – Recovery
4.1.3 Interpretations
4.2 The Bison in History and Later Art
4.2.1 The Fate of the European Bison
4.2.2 The Fate of the American Bison
4.2.3 Representing the American Bison in Art
4.3 Some Other Animals in Art
4.4 Modern Paradoxes
Chapter 5: To Be Religious
5.1 Diversity of Religious Beliefs and Practices
5.2 Religious Sensibility
5.3 God, Man, Nature
5.4 Persistence of the Religious Impulse
Chapter 6: Christianity Spreads from Ancient Roots
6.1 Old Testament and Other Ancient Religions
6.2 Carryover into Christianity
6.3 Early Spread of Christianity
6.4 The Catholic Church
6.5 Man – God’s Regent on Earth
6.6 An Intellectual Boost to Faith: The Theological Impulse
6.7 Augustine, Bishop of Hippo
6.8 The City of God
6.9 Being a Christian; the Biblical Hierarchy of Being
6.10 Educating Christians
Chapter 7: Souls: Pagan, Christian, Animal
7.1 What Is a Soul?
7.2 Capabilities of Christian Souls
7.3 Soul in Greek Thought
7.4 Animal Elements. Do Animals Have Souls?
Chapter 8: Imagining Nature in Myths and Creation Stories
8.1 The Continuing Grip of Creation Stories
8.2 Functions of Creation Stories
8.3 Trading Creation Stories
8.4 A Tremendous Story of Paradise on Earth: The Garden of Eden
8.5 Uses of the Eden Story
Chapter 9: Hierarchical Nature. Did God Love His Creatures Equally?
9.1 Preservation of Life by Noah’s Ark
9.2 Why Sacrifice Living Creatures?
9.3 The Recurring Dominion Theme
9.4 The Notion of Natural Hierarchies
Chapter 10: Walafrid Strabo. Benedictine Monk, Virgilian Poet, Mediaeval Gardener
10.1 The Benedictine Monastery at Reichenau
10.2 St Benedict and the Early Benedictines
10.3 The Benedictine Rule and Its Practice
10.4 Culture and Learning in the Monasteries
10.5 Contact with the World
10.6 Walafrid Strabo: Monk, Poet, Gardener
10.7 Hortulus, the First European Garden Book
Chapter 11: St Francis the Poverello – Little Poor Man of Assisi – And His Followers
11.1 A Renewal of Asceticism
11.2 Fioretti: The Little Flowers of St Francis
11.3 Preaching to Animals in the Open Air
11.4 Were All Animals Truly Equal “Partners in Creation”?
11.5 In Praise of Nature: The Canticle
11.6 Nature’s Master?
11.7 Unconditional Love?
11.8 A Veil of Piety Drawn Over Incipient Pantheism
11.9 Patron Saint of Animals, the Environment and Ecology
Chapter 12: The Protestant Reformation, Consumer Capitalism and the Religious Society of Friends
12.1 The Collapse of the Mediaeval Religious Synthesis
12.2 The Breakaways: Variations on Common Religious Themes
12.3 Did the Calvinistic Impulse Energise Consumer Capitalism?
12.4 Continuing Human Dominance
12.5 Radical Religion: The Religious Society of Friends
12.6 Quaker Beliefs and Values
12.7 Quakers and Nature
Chapter 13: The Reverend Gilbert White and the Religion of Nature
13.1 Rethinking Nature and Religion
13.2 Religious, Secular and Early Scientific Views of Man’s Place in Nature
13.3 Breaking with Rome: The Fortunes of the Anglican Church
13.4 Natural Religion
13.5 Natural History
13.6 The Nature of Nature
13.7 The Reverend Gilbert White of Selborne
Chapter 14: Pathways to an Earthly Paradise – The Mogul Emperors
14.1 Connecting with Earth Through Gardening
14.2 Diverse Images of Paradise
14.3 Eden and Antecedents
14.4 Islamic Paradise
14.5 Other Paradises
14.6 Nature and Paradise in the Mogul Empire
14.6.1 Timur, Heir of the Mongol Tribal Warriors and Mogul Forebear
14.6.2 Babur and Humayun, the First Moguls
14.6.3 Akbar, the Greatest Mogul
14.6.4 Jahangir, Master Garden Maker
14.6.5 Shah Jahan – Creator of the Taj Mahal
14.6.6 Aurangzeb, the End of Empire and the Aftermath: The Last “Mogul” Garden
14.7 Paradise Regained?
Chapter 15: Voyagers, Explorers, Travellers and Collectors
15.1 Mapping the Globe
15.2 Sailing the Oceans, Colonising the Land
15.3 Gateways to the Pacific
15.4 Landfalls: From Terra Australis to Australia via New Holland
15.5 Cook and Banks
15.6 Naturalists, Collectors and Botanical Artists
Chapter 16: Ways of Valuing and Appreciating Nature
16.1 The English Vicarage Garden
16.1.1 The Ideal English Garden
16.1.2 The Vicarage and Its Garden
16.2 Neot Kedumim
16.3 Children Study Nature
16.3.1 Antecedents
16.3.2 Scope of the New Education
16.3.3 Nature Study in the Primary School
16.3.4 Learning to Value Nature
16.4 “They Stole Our Land and (Thereby) Destroyed Our Culture”
16.4.1 Australian Aboriginals and European Settlers
16.4.2 The Dreaming
16.4.3 Caring for the Land and Its Creatures
Chapter 17: Reaching an Understanding and Love of Nature
17.1 A Continuing Quest
17.2 The Gathering Tide of Secularism and Religious Surges; Dominion Reinforced
17.3 Experiencing, Knowing and Using the Natural World
17.4 A Return to Nature – A Physical Quest and a Moral Ideal
17.5 Darwinism, the Agnostic Challenge and Ecology
17.6 Scientific Inquiry Flourishes while Religious Faith Vacillates
17.7 The West and its Values
Bibliography
Index