Urban freight transport has become an important issue in urban planning. There are many challenges and problems relating to increasing levels of traffic congestion, environmental impacts and energy consumption. City logistics schemes are relatively new concepts that are aimed at increasing the efficiency of urban freight transport systems as well as reducing traffic congestion and impacts on the environment. However, new modelling, evaluation and planning techniques are required to conduct in-depth investigations before city logistics measures can be effectively deployed. This book, ''Logistics Systems for Sustainable Cities'', is an outcome of the Third International Conference on City Logistics (City Logistics III held in Madeira in 2003) organised by the Institute for City Logistics. It includes recent developments in the modelling, evaluation and planning of city logistics schemes. Since city logistics measures have already been implemented in several cities, a review of the performance of these innovative schemes is presented. As well, an overview of the visions for city logistics and public private partnerships for city logistics is given. A summary of the OECD report, Delivering the Goods 21st Century Challenges for Urban Goods Transport, is included. Recent developments in e-Commerce and e-Logistics are covered. The cover shows the beautiful Madeira Island, Portugal where the Third International Conference on City Logistics was held.
Author(s): Eiichi Taniguchi, Russell G. Thompson
Series: Madeira, Portugal, 25-27 June, 2003
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Year: 2004
Language: English
Pages: 484
Cover......Page 1
Related Journals......Page 2
Preface......Page 5
The Organising Committee for 3rd International Conference on City Logistics (Madeira,Portugal,25-27 June 2003)......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Why are Visions Necessary?......Page 15
City Planning and City Logistics......Page 18
Subsidies and Additional Charges from the Public......Page 19
Characteristics of Urban Freight Transport......Page 20
Accessibility and Reliability......Page 21
Use of ICT and ITS......Page 22
Environmental Appraisal......Page 24
Measuring Liveability......Page 25
Zero Tolerance......Page 26
How can we Civilise the Truck?......Page 27
Conclusions......Page 28
References......Page 29
Introduction......Page 31
Partnerships......Page 32
Public-Private Partnerships......Page 33
The Rationale for a PPP Approach in Urban Freight Transport......Page 35
Comparing the Features of PPPs in Urban Freight Movement......Page 38
Urban Transhipment and Consolidation Centres......Page 40
Alternative Power Vehicles......Page 41
Freight Quality Partnerships......Page 42
Low Emission Zones......Page 44
Congestion Charging......Page 45
Conclusions......Page 47
References......Page 48
Abstract......Page 51
Introduction......Page 52
Transport Demand......Page 53
Transport Flow......Page 55
Traffic Flow......Page 58
Conclusions......Page 59
Case Study......Page 61
References......Page 65
Introduction......Page 67
Project......Page 68
Impact Analysis Methodologies......Page 69
Travel Time and Distance Savings......Page 70
Cost of Pavement Damage......Page 73
Economic Impact Analysis......Page 74
Travel Time and Distance Savings......Page 75
Breakdown of Cost Reductions......Page 76
Economic Impact......Page 77
References......Page 79
Introduction......Page 81
Secondary Sources of Information......Page 82
Primary Sources of Information......Page 84
Enthropy Maximisation Model......Page 85
Home Deliveries Estimation......Page 86
Deliveries to Retailers......Page 87
Results and Model Validation......Page 92
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 97
New Route Planning Approach ORA......Page 98
Quantitative Analysis of Approaches......Page 99
Algorithmic Route Planning Parameters......Page 100
Logistics Parameters and Constraints......Page 101
Influence of Service Time Window......Page 102
Influence of Order Sequence......Page 103
Basics of the MRA......Page 104
Influence of ISRP......Page 105
Influence of Order Sequence......Page 106
Assessment of ORA in Comparision with SRA......Page 107
Outlook......Page 109
Appendix Glossary & Abbreviations......Page 110
Introduction......Page 111
Variable Nature of Travel Times......Page 112
Traditional Model......Page 114
Spare-time Model......Page 116
Case study......Page 117
References......Page 124
Introduction......Page 125
Cost Distribution Procedure......Page 127
Cost Reliability Procedure......Page 128
Test Road Network......Page 129
Cost Distribution Analysis......Page 131
Reliability Estimation......Page 133
Conclusions......Page 135
References......Page 136
Introduction......Page 137
Dynamic Vehicular Supply Model......Page 138
Simulation Results......Page 141
The Economic Value of Efficiency Increases......Page 144
Implications for City Logistics......Page 145
Conclusions......Page 146
References......Page 147
Appendix A:Dyvess(Dynamic Vehicular Supply Simulator)......Page 148
Introduction......Page 149
Outline of Model......Page 150
Formulation of Model......Page 151
Dynamic Traffic Simulation Model......Page 154
Test Conditions......Page 155
Test Results......Page 157
Conclusions......Page 159
Refernces......Page 160
Introduction......Page 161
Problem Definition and Assumptions......Page 163
General Framework......Page 164
Drop-Point Typologies Comparison......Page 165
Drop-points Selection......Page 166
Transit-Point Selection and Sizing......Page 167
Project Main Features......Page 170
Demand Estimation......Page 171
Results of the Design Procedure......Page 172
References......Page 174
Abstract......Page 177
Introduction......Page 178
Introduction......Page 179
Carriers......Page 180
Third Party Logistic Companies......Page 181
Matching Companies......Page 182
Summary of the Perceptions on Matching Systems......Page 183
Existing Models......Page 184
Conceptual Description of the Simulation Model......Page 185
Modelling Assumptions......Page 187
Scenarios in the Simulations......Page 188
Shippers......Page 189
Conclusions......Page 190
References......Page 191
Introduction......Page 193
Insights About Systems Theory and City Systems......Page 194
A City Logistics Model......Page 196
Logistic City Prospective:Supply Approaches/Solutions......Page 199
References......Page 202
Introduction......Page 205
Policy Instruments and Assessment......Page 208
Base Case Scenario......Page 209
Scenario 1: Improved Fuel Efficiency......Page 210
Scenario 5: Real-time Traffic Information......Page 211
Transport Modelling Results......Page 212
Lower Congestion......Page 213
Emissions Model......Page 214
CO2 Emissions......Page 215
PM10 Emissions......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 218
References......Page 219
Introduction......Page 221
Methodology......Page 222
Private Shopping Vehicle Trips......Page 224
Urban Management Traffic......Page 225
Private Individuals Trips (Other than Shopping)......Page 226
The Environmental Model......Page 227
Global Assessment of Energy Consumption and Emissions of Pollutants......Page 228
Simulation of Atmospheric Pollutants Dispersion......Page 230
Noise Emissions......Page 231
Conclusion......Page 232
References......Page 233
Goods City Distribution......Page 235
Background......Page 236
Previous Research......Page 237
The Background Study......Page 238
Choice of Respondents......Page 239
Delivery Profiles......Page 240
Main Access Routes......Page 241
Determinants of Regularity of Route Choice 11......Page 242
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 246
References......Page 247
Abstract......Page 249
Interregional Freight Movements in Hokkaido......Page 250
Selection of Evaluation Factors......Page 252
Current Analysis of Hazardous-Load Transportation......Page 253
Accident Occurrence Risk for Hazardous-Load Vehicles......Page 256
Risk Evaluation Model for Hazardous-load Transportation......Page 260
Application of a Risk Evaluation Analysis to an Actual Network......Page 261
References......Page 263
Introduction......Page 265
Research Approach......Page 266
Policy Measures Investigated......Page 269
Current Operations......Page 270
Potential Impact of the Four Policy Measures......Page 271
Time Restrictions......Page 273
Congestion Charging......Page 274
Differences in Current and Predicted Operations in the Three Urban Areas......Page 275
References......Page 276
Introduction......Page 277
Respondents......Page 278
Background.......Page 279
Hypotheses and their Prospects......Page 280
Hypotheses and their Prospects......Page 281
Background......Page 282
Hypotheses and their Prospects......Page 283
Hypotheses and their Prospects......Page 284
Company Policy Papers on the Environment......Page 285
Measures to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Transport......Page 286
Environmental Transport Management......Page 287
Collective Delivery Systems......Page 288
Introducing Cleaner Trucks......Page 289
Concluding Remarks......Page 290
References......Page 291
Introduction......Page 293
Artist:A Framework Architecture for ITS in Italy......Page 295
Outline and Objectives......Page 297
The project Structure......Page 298
Rome......Page 299
Terni......Page 300
Siena......Page 302
Parma......Page 303
Vicenza......Page 304
Environmental Impact Assessment......Page 305
References......Page 306
Background to New Governance in London......Page 309
The Mayor's Transport Strategy......Page 310
The Mayor's Transport Strategy and Freight......Page 311
Freight Transport Activity in London Now......Page 312
New Developments and Initatives......Page 314
Congestion Charging in Central London......Page 316
London Lorry Control Scheme Review......Page 318
Low Emission Zone(LEZ) Proposals......Page 319
Conclusions......Page 320
References......Page 321
Introduction......Page 323
The E-Logistics Model......Page 324
Truck and Cargo Matching System by Telephone and by Internet......Page 326
Direct Shipper Participation in Matching......Page 327
Detailed Design of the Cooperative Parcel Pick-up System......Page 328
Implementation of the Experiment......Page 330
Evaluation......Page 331
Co-operative Pick-up System with Externalities Internalised......Page 332
Other Favourable Conditions......Page 333
References......Page 334
City Logistics in Kassel from the Beginning to Now......Page 335
Effects on Bundling Traffic......Page 336
Economic Effects......Page 337
Current State of City Logistics in Kassel......Page 338
The Situation in Kassel......Page 339
Developments Among Other German City Logistics Projects......Page 340
Success Factors of these Projects......Page 341
General Factors for Success......Page 342
Development of a New City Logistics Model in Kassel......Page 343
References......Page 345
Introduction......Page 347
General Principle of the Regulations......Page 350
The Issuing of Permits and the System of Exceptions......Page 351
Direction Signing......Page 352
Regulatory Signing......Page 353
Remarks......Page 354
Consultation......Page 355
Information......Page 356
The Design of Roads and Structures......Page 357
References......Page 359
Internet Sites......Page 360
Introduction......Page 363
Key Issues in City Logistics......Page 364
Standardization, a Critical Succes Factor......Page 366
Shuttle Concept for Road-Bound Distribution......Page 368
Rail Bound Systems for the Combined Transport of Passengers and Freight......Page 370
Waterborne Concepts, Both for Long-Haul and City Distribution......Page 372
Activities Towards a Successful Implementation......Page 374
References......Page 376
Introduction and Purpose of the Work......Page 379
Relevant Urban Freight Problems......Page 380
Actual Situation and Former Development......Page 381
Driving Factors for Freight Transport Development and Forecast 2015 and 2025......Page 384
Overall Urban Freight Transport Strategy......Page 385
Small Container Solution (IDIOMA Project)......Page 386
ACTS (Roll-on/RoII-off-System, IDIOMA)......Page 388
Cargo Domino System......Page 389
The Role of Rail in Urban Planning......Page 390
Conclusions......Page 392
References......Page 393
Introduction......Page 395
Typology of on-Line Sales......Page 396
Typology of the Players Involved......Page 398
Web Merchant......Page 399
Logistics Companies and Carriers......Page 400
The Possible Effects of E-Commerce on City Logistics......Page 401
The On-Line Consumer Calls the Shots......Page 402
Web Merchants......Page 403
How do they Operate?......Page 404
Numerous Constraints......Page 405
Different and More or Less Effective Organisations......Page 406
Formulation of Scenarios......Page 407
Conclusion......Page 408
References......Page 409
Abstract......Page 411
Background......Page 412
The Switch to a Diesel LCV......Page 413
Network Restructuring......Page 414
Summary Observations......Page 417
References......Page 418
Abstruct......Page 419
The Extension of the Service Appears to be Pooly Mastered......Page 420
Overall Diagram......Page 421
Customer Expectations......Page 422
Limitations of the Products Sold......Page 424
Delivery Conditions......Page 425
Direct Remittal or not......Page 426
Delivery Day and Times......Page 427
Introduction......Page 428
Logistics......Page 429
Retail Sites in BtoC......Page 431
Conclusion......Page 432
References......Page 433
Abstract......Page 435
Traffic Volume and Efficiency......Page 436
Method of Transport and Impact on Traffic Volume......Page 437
Use of Information System by the Road Haulage Industry......Page 438
Mobile Phone......Page 439
Personal Computer (PC)......Page 440
Present Status of the Information Sharing System......Page 441
Role of Information Sharing Systems......Page 442
Conclusion......Page 443
References......Page 444
Introduction......Page 445
Developments in Freight Transport......Page 446
Problems of Urban Goods Transport......Page 447
Lessons Learned from Approaches in Member Countries......Page 448
Policy Framework......Page 449
Recommendations on Measures - Dealing with New Challenges......Page 450
Results......Page 455
Background......Page 456
Information to the Transporters......Page 457
Certificates......Page 458
Questionnaires......Page 460
Remarks on the Future......Page 461
Further Information......Page 462
Abstract......Page 463
What the Australian Road Transport Regulators are Doing?......Page 464
What has the Australia Road Transport Industry been doing?......Page 465
What is the Cost of an Operator EMS?......Page 466
The Development of E+ Environmental Management Scheme......Page 467
Conclusion......Page 468
References......Page 469
Appendix A:The Urban Fleet Scorecard......Page 470
Introduction......Page 473
Porto Metropolitan Area......Page 474
Urban Supply in Port Metropolitan Area......Page 475
Continente-Norte Shopping......Page 477
The Extension of Line 36......Page 478
Goods Distribution and Mobility......Page 479
Conclusion......Page 480
References......Page 481
