Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII presents the results of recent research into the foundations of science. The volume contains 37 invited papers presented at the Congress, covering the areas of Logic, Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences and the Humanities.
Author(s): Jens Erik Fenstad, Ivan T. Frolov, Risto Hilpinen
Publisher: North-Holland
Year: 1989
Language: English
Pages: 721
Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science VIII......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 12
Preface......Page 6
Appendix to the Preface......Page 8
Presidential Address......Page 16
INAUGURAL ADDRESS......Page 20
Philosophy, Science and Man......Page 22
INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: NEW PATTERNS OF EXPLANATION IN SCIENCE......Page 46
The Rediscovery of Time......Page 48
INTERSECTIONAL SYMPOSIUM: SCIENCE AND ETHICS......Page 66
Ethics and Science......Page 68
Is There Anything We Should not Want to Know?......Page 82
The Ethics of Science as a Form of the Cognition of Science......Page 98
CHAPTER 1. FOUNDATIONS OF MATHEMATICAL REASONING......Page 110
Non-monotonic Reasoning by Axiomatic Extensions......Page 112
Inexact and Inductive Reasoning......Page 130
Problems of Admissibility and Substitution, Logical Equations and Restricted Theories of Free Algebras......Page 140
CHAPTER 2. MODEL THEORY......Page 160
On the Existence of End Extensions of Models of Bounded Induction......Page 162
Towards the Structural Stability Theory......Page 182
CHAPTER 3. FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTING AND RECURSION THEORY......Page 196
Automorphisms of the Lattice of Recursively Enumerable Sets and Hyperhypersimple Sets......Page 198
Degrees of Functions with No Fixed Points......Page 210
CHAPTER 4. SET THEORY......Page 222
Free Sets for Commutative Families of Functions......Page 224
Polarized Partition Relations and Almost-Disjoint Functions......Page 232
A Dilworth Decomposition Theorem for λ -Suslin Quasi-Orderings of R......Page 242
CHAPTER 5. GENERAL LOGIC......Page 264
Logic and Pragmatic Truth......Page 266
The Justification of Negation as Failure......Page 282
First-Order Spacetime Geometry......Page 322
CHAPTER 6. GENERAL METHODOLOGY OF SCIENCE......Page 336
Strong and Weak Methods......Page 338
Impact of Global Modelling on Modern Methodology of Science......Page 352
Conceptual Change and the Progress of Science......Page 370
Scientific Method and the Objectivity of Epistemic Value Judgments......Page 392
CHAPTER 7. FOUNDATIONS OF PROBABILITY AND STATISTICAL INFERENCE......Page 410
The Interface Between Statistics and the Philosophy of Science......Page 412
Astronomical Improbability......Page 432
Probability in Dynamical Systems......Page 446
CHAPTER 8. FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES......Page 464
An Axiomatic Basis as a Desired Form of a Physical Theory......Page 466
On Learning from the Mistakes of Positivists......Page 478
CHAPTER 9. FOUNDATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES......Page 498
Evolution—Matter of Fact or Metaphysical Idea?......Page 500
Evolutionary Altruism and Psychological Egoism......Page 514
CHAPTER 10. FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES......Page 534
Vision and Mind......Page 536
CHAPTER 11. FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES......Page 548
Rationality and Social Norms......Page 550
On the Nature of a Social Order......Page 572
CHAPTER 12. FOUNDATIONS OF LINGUISTICS......Page 588
Informational Independence as a Semantical Phenomenon......Page 590
How Natural is Natural Language?......Page 610
CHAPTER 13. HISTORY OF LOGIC, METHODOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE......Page 626
Leibniz and the Philosophical Analysis of Science......Page 628
The Logical Ideas of N.A. Vasiliev and Modern Logic......Page 644
Phenomenalism, Relativity and Atoms: Rehabilitating Ernst Mach’s Philosophy of Science......Page 660
Contributed Papers......Page 680
Index of Names......Page 712
