In future the UK's energy supplies, for both heat and power, will come from much more diverse sources. In many cases this will mean local energy projects serving a local community or even a single house. What technologies are available? Where and at what scale can they be used? How can they work effectively with our existing energy networks? This book explores these power and heat sources, explains the characteristics of each and examines how they can be used.This new series of books from the IET brings together the engineering aspects of renewable energy technology, power generation and systems integration. Covering all aspects of renewable and sustainable power and highlighting the key principles behind each technology, its state of development and its relevance in the power industry. With energy and sustainability being areas of primary concern, these books are practical in approach and appeal to specialists and non-specialists alike, providing a thorough understanding to the economical and environmental issues as well as key engineering features.The Institution of Engineering and Technology is one of the world's leading professional societies for the engineering and technology community. The IET publishes more than 100 new titles every year; a rich mix of books, journals and magazines with a back catalogue of more than 350 books in 18 different subject areas including: -Power & Energy -Renewable Energy -Radar, Sonar & Navigation -Electromagnetics -Electrical Measurement -History of Technology -Technology Management
Author(s): J. Wood
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 205
Contents......Page 6
1.1 The development of electric power......Page 12
1.2 Regulating the industry......Page 13
1.3 Coordinating the supply......Page 14
1.4 Centralizing power stations......Page 15
1.6 The Central Electricity Generating Board......Page 17
1.7 Monopolies and private companies......Page 18
1.8 Breaking up the monopoly......Page 20
1.9 The effect of competition......Page 21
Panel 1.1 Generators......Page 23
Panel 1.3 Transformers......Page 24
Panel 1.4 Power units......Page 25
2.2 Generating power for the market......Page 28
2.3.2 Gas......Page 29
2.3.3 Nuclear......Page 30
2.3.5 Wind power......Page 31
2.3.6 Coping with grid variation......Page 32
2.4 The balancing market......Page 35
2.5 Distribution network operators......Page 36
2.6 Regulating the markets......Page 37
3 The heat connection and cogeneration......Page 40
3.2 Support for heat and power......Page 41
3.3 Energy crops......Page 42
3.5 Combined heat and power......Page 43
3.6.1 Biomass......Page 45
3.6.2 Solar water heating......Page 46
3.6.3 Ground-source heat......Page 47
Panel 3.1 Ground heat in Cornwall......Page 49
4.1 Wind-turbine components......Page 52
4.3 Installing a wind turbine......Page 54
4.4 Rooftop turbines......Page 55
Panel 4.1 Off-grid turbines......Page 57
Panel 4.2 Wind across the Mersey......Page 59
5 Hydropower......Page 62
5.1 Power from water......Page 63
5.2 The UK's hydropower potential
......Page 64
5.3 Assessing hydro sites......Page 65
5.4 Environmental effects......Page 66
5.6 Extracting the energy......Page 67
Panel 5.1 Reviving old mills......Page 68
Panel 5.2 Hydropower in Snowdonia......Page 69
6.2 How much energy is there?......Page 72
6.4 The route from research to industry......Page 73
6.4.1 Marine Current Turbines......Page 74
6.4.2 PowerBuoy......Page 75
6.4.4 Fred Olsen......Page 76
6.5 Development issues......Page 77
7.1 Photovoltaic power......Page 80
7.2 Assembling the PV panels......Page 81
7.4 Street applications......Page 82
Panel 7.1 Sustainable Lambeth......Page 85
Panel 7.2 Experience in Grimsby......Page 86
8.1 The UK CHP programme......Page 88
8.2 EU Directive support......Page 89
8.3 Domestic CHP......Page 90
8.5 Development issues......Page 91
8.6 Who would buy?......Page 93
Panel 8.1 Good projects on paper......Page 94
Panel 8.2 London housing......Page 96
9.1 Biomass fuels......Page 98
9.2 Heating programmes......Page 99
9.3 Wood-energy strategies......Page 100
9.4 Wood for Wales......Page 101
9.5 Wood-fuel research......Page 102
9.6 What is pyrolysis?......Page 103
10.1 Diverse energy in the network......Page 106
10.2 Pumped storage......Page 107
10.4 Batteries......Page 109
10.6 Moving to a hydrogen economy......Page 110
Panel 10.1 Norway's hydrogen experiment
......Page 111
Panel 10.2 Hydrogen in Iceland......Page 113
Panel 10.3 Battery powered......Page 114
11.1 How fuel cells work......Page 116
11.3 Solid-oxide fuel cells......Page 117
11.4 Fuel-cell applications......Page 119
11.5 Developing the industry......Page 120
12.2 Voltage......Page 122
12.4 Reactive power......Page 123
12.5 Maintaining the supply quality......Page 124
12.6 Bringing on the reserve......Page 125
12.8 Dealing with transients......Page 126
12.9 Transmission/distribution interaction......Page 128
12.10 Adding microgeneration......Page 130
13.1 Government strategy......Page 132
13.2 Planning progress......Page 133
13.3 Domestic changes......Page 135
13.4 Scotland and Wales approach......Page 136
13.5 A microgeneration strategy......Page 137
13.6 Re-examining the remaining barriers......Page 139
13.8 Distribution and private wires......Page 140
Panel 13.1 How planning works......Page 141
14.1 Costs......Page 146
14.2 Embedded benefits......Page 147
14.3.2 Registered power zones......Page 148
14.5 Consolidation......Page 149
15.1.1 Step 1: Decide on your system......Page 152
15.1.4 Step 4: Install a ROC meter......Page 153
15.2 The connection agreement......Page 154
15.3 Rethinking the network......Page 155
15.4 Shallowish connection......Page 156
15.5 New charging regimes......Page 157
15.6 Constraining connection?......Page 158
16 Finance and local generation......Page 160
16.1 Renewables Obligation......Page 161
16.2 Electricity trading arrangements......Page 163
16.3 Climate Change Levy......Page 164
16.4 Grants......Page 165
16.5 DEFRA support......Page 166
16.6 DTI grants......Page 167
17.2 The 28-day rule......Page 170
17.5 The CHP scheme......Page 173
17.7 The legal framework......Page 174
17.9 Incorporation......Page 175
17.11 Full cooperation......Page 176
Panel 17.1 Baywind......Page 177
Panel 17.2 Cooperative wind......Page 178
18.1 Load factors and variability......Page 180
18.2 Micropower efficiency......Page 181
18.4 MicroCHP for homes......Page 182
18.5 Small-CHP for business......Page 183
18.6 Replacing generation?......Page 184
18.8 Changing energy patterns......Page 185
19 Putting a price on carbon......Page 190
19.1 The EU Emissions Trading Scheme......Page 191
19.1.1 Results from Phase 1......Page 192
19.1.2 Setting up the ETS Phase 2......Page 193
19.2 Trading outside Europe......Page 194
19.3 Carbon trading for commerce and industry......Page 195
19.4 Making the case for local energy......Page 196
Panel 19.1 Greenpeace's wish list......Page 197
Bibliography......Page 198
Index......Page 200
