Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, Fourth Edition, provides a complete text and reference to the design, construction and operation of the many and varied components of modern motor vehicles, including the knowledge needed to service and repair them. This book provides incomparable coverage of both cars and heavier vehicles, featuring over 1000 illustrations. This new edition has been brought fully up to date with modern practices and designs, whilst maintaining the information needed to deal with older vehicles. Two entirely new sections of the book provide a topical introduction to alternative power sources and fuels, and battery-electric, hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles. More information on the latest developments in fuel injection, diesel engines and transmissions has also been added. An expanded list of technical abbreviations now contains over 200 entries - a useful resource for professional technicians in their day-to-day work. This book is an essential textbook for all students of automotive engineering, particularly on IMI / C&G 4000 series and BTEC courses and provides all the underpinning knowledge required for NVQs to level 3. By bridging the gap between basic and more advanced treatments of the subject, it also acts as a useful source of information for experienced technicians and technically minded motorists, and will help them to improve their knowledge and skills. ·Incomparable breadth and depth of coverage, with over 1000 illustrations ·The core book for all students of automotive engineering up to level 3 ·This new edition covers the latest developments in alternative power sources and fuels, diesel systems and transmissions
Author(s): M J Nunney
Edition: 4
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 684
Front cover......Page 1
Light and heavy vehicle technology......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Automotive technical abbreviations......Page 12
1.1 Modern requirements......Page 14
1.2 Engine nomenclature......Page 15
1.3 Operating principles......Page 17
1.4 Basic structure and mechanism......Page 22
1.5 Cylinder and crankthrow arrangements......Page 25
1.6 Cylinder block, crankcase and head......Page 29
1.7 Pistons and connecting rods......Page 39
1.8 Crankshaft assembly and main bearings......Page 48
1.9 Crankshaft torsional vibration dampers......Page 57
1.10 Valve train......Page 60
1.11 Timing drive......Page 73
1.12 The principles of valve timing......Page 79
2.2 Operating principles......Page 84
2.3 Cylinder block, crankcase and head......Page 87
2.4 Pistons and connecting rods......Page 90
2.5 Crankshaft assembly and main bearings......Page 93
2.6 Valve train and timing drive......Page 95
3.1 Basic layouts of combustion chambers......Page 99
3.2 Combustion in the petrol engine......Page 100
3.3 Petrol engine combustion chambers......Page 102
3.4 Combustion in the diesel engine......Page 107
3.5 Diesel engine combustion chambers......Page 108
3.6 Cylinder charge agitation......Page 111
4.2 The lubrication process......Page 113
4.3 Engine lubricating oils......Page 115
4.4 Engine lubrication systems......Page 119
4.5 Oil pumps and pressure relief valves......Page 127
4.6 Oil filtration and cooling......Page 130
4.7 Oil retention and crankcase ventilation......Page 132
5.1 Heat transfer and cooling media......Page 137
5.2 Engine air-cooling system......Page 138
5.3 Engine water-cooling system......Page 140
5.4 Engine cooling systems for passenger cars and heavy vehicles......Page 152
5.5 Engine coolant......Page 154
5.6 Interior ventilation and heating......Page 156
5.8 Principles of refrigerated air conditioning......Page 160
5.9 Refrigerated air conditioning system components......Page 161
5.11 Commercial vehicle refrigeration units......Page 166
6.1 Fuel supply system......Page 169
6.2 Fixed-choke carburettors......Page 175
6.3 Variable-choke carburettors......Page 181
6.4 Multiple and compound carburettors......Page 184
6.6 Petrol engine fuel injection......Page 186
6.7 Multi-point fuel injection......Page 188
6.8 Single-point fuel injection......Page 191
6.9 Direct fuel injection......Page 193
6.10 Electronic throttle control......Page 194
7.1 Air cleaner and silencer......Page 196
7.2 Intake and exhaust manifolds......Page 198
7.3 Exhaust system......Page 202
7.4 Vacuum gauge and exhaust gas analyser......Page 204
8.2 Fuel supply system......Page 206
8.3 In-line fuel injection pump......Page 209
8.4 Governing the in-line fuel injection pump......Page 213
8.5 Distributor fuel injection pump......Page 218
8.6 Governing the distributor fuel injection pump......Page 220
8.7 Timing in-line and distributor fuel injection pumps......Page 221
8.8 Fuel injectors for jerk pump systems......Page 222
8.9 Unit fuel injection......Page 226
8.10 Introduction to electronic diesel control......Page 228
8.11 Common rail fuel injection......Page 231
8.12 Cold starting devices......Page 233
9.2 Methods of pressure charging......Page 236
10.1 Coil ignition equipment......Page 245
10.2 Ignition coil and capacitor......Page 246
10.3 Ignition distributor and sparking plugs......Page 249
10.4 Introduction to electronic ignition systems......Page 256
10.5 Types of electronic ignition system......Page 258
10.6 Ignition timing......Page 260
10.8 The starter system......Page 262
11.1 Petrol engine pollutants......Page 268
11.2 Petrol engine emission control......Page 269
11.3 Diesel engine pollutants......Page 271
11.4 Diesel particulate filters......Page 272
12.1 Rotary piston engine......Page 274
13.1 Types of single-plate clutch......Page 278
13.2 Clutch control systems......Page 281
13.3 Clutch centre plate construction......Page 288
13.5 Centrifugally operated clutches......Page 292
13.6 Multiplate clutches......Page 293
13.8 Clutch misbehaviour in service......Page 295
13.9 Flywheel and clutch housing alignment......Page 299
14.1 Purpose and elements of the gearbox......Page 301
14.2 Constant-mesh gearboxes......Page 305
14.3 Synchromesh gearboxes......Page 310
14.4 Gear selector mechanisms......Page 316
14.5 Heavy-vehicle gearboxes......Page 321
14.6 Gearbox lubrication and sealing......Page 326
14.7 Gearbox misbehaviour in service......Page 329
15.1 Fluid couplings......Page 330
15.3 Torque converters......Page 332
15.5 Fluid couplings and torque converters in service......Page 336
16.1 Basic epicyclic gearing......Page 339
16.2 Operation of epicyclic gear trains......Page 340
16.3 Friction brakes for epicyclic gearboxes......Page 348
17.1 Semi-automatic transmissions for passenger cars......Page 353
17.2 Semi-automatic transmissions for heavy vehicles......Page 354
17.3 Automatic transmissions for passenger cars......Page 357
17.4 Hydraulic control systems......Page 360
17.5 Electrohydraulic control systems......Page 367
17.6 Automatic transmission fluid......Page 369
17.7 Checking the level and changing the fluid......Page 370
17.8 Automatic layshaft gearboxes......Page 371
17.9 Dual mode transmissions with sequential gearchange......Page 372
17.10 Direct shift gearbox......Page 374
17.11 Continuously and infinitely variable transmissions......Page 375
18.1 Purpose and position of an overdrive gear......Page 384
18.2 Epicyclic overdrive gears......Page 385
18.3 Layshaft overdrive gears......Page 387
18.4 Automatic transmission overdrive gears......Page 390
19.1 Universal joints......Page 392
19.2 Constant-velocity joints......Page 395
19.3 Propeller shaft construction......Page 402
19.4 Drive line arrangements......Page 405
19.5 Rear-wheel drive and front-wheel drive layouts......Page 409
19.6 Front-wheel drive shafts......Page 412
19.7 Tandem axle drives for heavy vehicles......Page 413
19.8 Drive lines for public service vehicles......Page 414
20.1 Final drive gears and bearings......Page 416
20.2 Adjusting the final drive gears......Page 421
20.3 Differential gears......Page 427
20.4 Rear axle construction......Page 431
20.5 Final drive lubrication and sealing......Page 436
20.6 Rear axle misbehaviour in service......Page 438
20.7 Heavy-vehicle rear axles......Page 439
21.1 Types of four-wheel drive......Page 444
21.2 Basic considerations of four-wheel drive......Page 445
21.3 Part-time four-wheel drive......Page 446
21.4 Full-time four-wheel drive......Page 448
22.2 Introduction to tyre characteristics......Page 455
22.3 Tyre construction......Page 457
22.4 Road wheels and hubs......Page 465
22.5 Wheel balancing......Page 470
22.6 Safety precautions in tyre servicing......Page 472
23.2 Types of suspension......Page 474
23.4 Types of suspension spring......Page 485
23.5 Tandem axle suspension......Page 499
23.6 Shock dampers......Page 502
23.7 Adaptive suspension systems......Page 506
23.8 Active roll control systems......Page 507
23.9 Suspension misbehaviour in service......Page 508
24.1 Steering principles and layout......Page 509
24.2 Front end geometry and wheel alignment......Page 512
24.3 Steering and suspension ball joints......Page 519
24.4 Manual steering gears......Page 522
24.5 Inspecting and adjusting the steering mechanism......Page 528
24.6 Conventionally steered and self-steering axles for heavy vehicles......Page 531
24.7 Steering wheel airbags......Page 532
25.2 Principles of hydraulic power-assisted steering......Page 534
25.3 Hydraulic power-assisted steering components......Page 537
25.4 Speed-sensitive hydraulic power-assisted steering......Page 545
25.6 Electro-hydraulic power-assisted steering......Page 549
25.7 Introduction to electrical power-assisted steering......Page 551
25.8 Electrical power-assisted steering components......Page 552
25.9 Types of electrical power-assisted steering......Page 553
26.1 The need for four-wheel steering......Page 556
26.2 Types of four-wheel steering......Page 560
27.1 Drum brake arrangements......Page 565
27.2 Disc brake arrangements......Page 572
27.3 Brake friction materials......Page 578
27.4 Hydraulic brake systems and components......Page 579
27.5 Hydraulic brake fluids......Page 590
27.6 Vacuum servo-assisted braking......Page 592
27.7 The parking brake system......Page 595
27.8 Hydraulic power brakes......Page 597
27.9 Maintenance of hydraulic brakes......Page 599
27.10 Brake efficiency and testing......Page 602
28.1 Principles of air brakes......Page 604
28.2 Compression and storage......Page 605
28.3 System control......Page 607
28.4 System actuation......Page 613
28.5 Hand-operated brake valves and other equipment......Page 618
28.6 Air disc brakes......Page 619
28.7 Endurance brake systems......Page 623
29.2 Basic components of anti-lock brake systems......Page 627
29.3 Types of anti-lock brake systems......Page 628
29.4 Output control channels for anti-lock brakes......Page 631
29.5 Anti-lock air brakes for heavy vehicles......Page 633
29.6 Traction control systems......Page 634
29.7 Vehicle dynamics control......Page 635
30.1 Integral body construction......Page 638
30.2 Aluminium body construction......Page 649
30.4 Commercial vehicle chassis frames......Page 651
30.5 Trailer and caravan couplings......Page 657
30.6 Introduction to vehicle aerodynamics......Page 661
30.7 Basic considerations of vehicle aerodynamics......Page 662
30.8 Aerocoustics......Page 663
30.9 Heavy vehicle aerodynamics......Page 664
31.2 Modern requirements for alternative fuels......Page 665
31.3 Classification of alternative fuels......Page 666
32.4 Basic units of battery-electric vehicles......Page 668
32.6 Layout of hybrid-electric vehicles......Page 670
32.7 Basic units of hybrid-electric vehicles......Page 671
32.9 Operation and types of fuel-cell......Page 672
32.10 Layout of fuel-cell vehicles......Page 673
B......Page 674
C......Page 675
E......Page 676
F......Page 677
H......Page 678
M......Page 679
P......Page 680
S......Page 681
T......Page 682
W......Page 683
Z......Page 684
