Lifestyle Nursing

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributor List
Foreword
Part I Lifestyle Medicine
1 The Nursing Roadmap to Lifestyle Medicine
Key Points
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Improving Patient Quality of Life
1.3 Role of Nurses in Healthcare Lifestyle Interventions
1.3.1 Educational Programs for Nurses and the Importance of Self-Care
1.4 Social Disparities in Health
1.5 Climate Change, Diet, Human and Planetary Health
1.6 The Road Ahead
References
2 Nutrition and Nursing Practice
2.1 Why Is Nutrition So Important?
2.1.1 The Burden of Chronic Disease, Non-Communicable Disease (NCD)
2.1.2 History of Nutrition in Nursing Practice and Education
2.2 The Science of Nutrition
2.2.1 Treat the Cause
2.2.1.1 Inflammation
2.2.2 Optimal Nutrition
2.2.3 What Are Americans Eating?
2.2.4 Research Support
2.2.4.1 Nurses’ Health Study
2.2.4.2 Adventist Health Studies
2.2.5 COVID-19 and Optimal Nutrition
2.2.6 Diet Patterns – How Are They Different?
2.2.7 Dietary Recommendations – A Matter of Degree and Density
2.3 The Essentials and Competency-Based Education
2.4 Nutrition and the Nursing Process
2.4.1 Assessment
2.4.2 Nursing Diagnosis
2.4.3 Planning
2.4.4 Implementation
2.4.5 Evaluation
2.4.6 Case Sample – The Nursing Process With Nutrition
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Structured Exercise, Lifestyle Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Treatment of ...
Key Points
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Effects of Physical Activity and Fitness On Chronic Diseases
3.3 Cardioprotective Effects of Chronic Aerobic Exercise: Potential Underlying Mechanisms
3.3.1 Vigorous Versus Moderate Intensity Physical Activity
3.4 Impact of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness On Health Outcomes
3.4.1 CRF and PA as Separate Risk Factors: Comparative Benefits
3.4.2 CRF and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality
3.4.3 CRF and Health Care Costs
3.4.4 Impact of Preadmission PA On Hospitalization for Acute Coronary Syndromes
3.4.5 Exercise Preconditioning: A Cardioprotective Phenotype
3.4.6 Impact of PA and CRF On Surgical Outcomes
3.5 Exercise Preparticipation and Screening Procedures
3.5.1 Screening Exercise Testing
3.6 Exercise Prescription/Programming
3.6.1 Exercise Modalities/Training Intensities
3.6.2 Energy Expenditure of Physical Activity: METs
3.6.3 Energy Expenditure of Physical Activity: Heart Rate Index Equation
3.6.4 Energy Expenditure of Treadmill Walking
3.6.5 The Rule of 2 and 3 Mph
3.6.6 How Much Exercise Is Enough?
3.6.7 Contemporary Physical Activity Recommendations
3.6.8 Progression of Exercise Training Intensities for Optimal Benefits
3.6.9 Understanding the Concept of MET-Minutes Per Week
3.7 Walking: The Undervalued Prescription
3.7.1 Walking Distance and Speed as Prognostic Indicators
3.8 Benefits and Risks of High-Intensity Interval Training
3.9 Extreme Exercise and Cardiovascular Health: Changing Paradigms and Perceptions
3.10 Strategies to Enhance Exercise Adoption and Adherence
3.10.1 Overcoming Inertia With Downscaled Goals
3.10.2 Recommendations to Enhance Exercise Adherence
3.11 Using Technology to Promote Physical Activity
3.12 Conclusion
References
4 Sleep Science
Key Points
4.1 Introduction
4.2 What Is Sleep?
4.3 How Is Sleep Measured?
4.3.1 Polysomnography
4.3.2 Mobile Devices
4.3.3 Multiple Sleep Latency Test
4.3.4 Questionnaires
4.3.4.1 The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
4.3.4.2 The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
4.3.4.3 The Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, and Duration (SATED) Questionnaire
4.3.5 Sleep Diaries
4.4 Healthy Sleep Across the Lifespan
4.5 Sleep in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease
4.6 Sleep Management Principles and Guidelines
4.6.1 Sleep Drive
4.6.2 Circadian Alerting Rhythm
4.6.3 Physiological Arousal
4.6.4 Cognitive Arousal
4.6.5 Sleep Environment
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Emotional Wellness and Stress Resilience
Key Points
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 State of the Problem – Why It Matters
5.1.2 Connection to Lifestyle Medicine
5.1.3 Connection to Nursing Education and Practice
5.2 Key Definitions
5.3 Factors Contributing to Emotional Wellness and Stress Resilience
5.3.1 Coping
5.3.2 Health Behaviors
5.4 Benefits and Implications of Emotional Wellness and Stress Resilience
5.4.1 Factors That Threaten Emotion Wellness and Stress Resilience
5.4.1.1 Demographic, Social, and Situational Factors
5.4.1.2 Stress
5.4.1.3 Burnout and Fatigue
5.4.2 Benefits of Emotional Wellness
5.5 Evidence and Best-Practices for a Lifestyle of Emotional Wellness and Stress Resilience
5.5.1 Positive Psychology
5.5.2 Health Behaviors
5.5.2.1 Physical Activity
5.5.2.2 Nutrition
5.5.2.3 Sleep
5.5.3 Boundary Setting
5.5.4 Gratitude
5.5.5 Self-Compassion
5.5.6 Mindfulness
5.5.7 Spending Time Outdoors
5.5.8 Leveraging Relationships
5.5.9 Seeking Professional Help
5.6 Nursing Implementation Strategies
5.6.1 Hospitals
5.6.2 Outpatient Settings
5.6.3 Workplace Settings
5.7 Conclusion
References
6 Happiness and Social Connectivity
Key Points
6.1 Introduction: Happiness and Why It Matters
6.2 Key Concepts and Theoretical Frameworks
6.3 Neurobiological Determinants of Positive Affect
6.4 Prosocial Behavior
6.5 Social Connectivity: Why It Matters
6.5.1 Psychological Benefits of Social Connectivity and Positive Affect
6.5.2 Physical Health Benefits of Social Connectivity and Positive Affect
6.6 Social Relationships Within the Workplace
6.7 Social Relationships Outside of the Workplace
6.8 Fostering Personal Well-Being
6.9 Conclusion
References
7 Substance Use Risk Reduction
Key Points
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Etiologies of Substance Use Disorders
7.1.1.1 Psychopathology: Self-Medication Hypothesis and Co-Occurring Disorders
7.1.1.2 Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders
7.1.1.3 Genetics and Epigenetics
7.1.2 Classification
7.1.2.1 Spectrum of Use
7.1.2.2 Recommended Limits
7.2 Lifestyle-Based Therapies to Treat Substance Use Disorders
7.2.1 Theoretical Approach
7.2.2 Interventions
7.2.3 Determining Level of Care
7.2.4 Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment
7.2.5 Individual and Group Psychotherapies
7.2.6 Self-Help Groups
7.3 Mindfulness
7.4 Exercise
7.5 Diet
7.6 Acupuncture
7.7 Conclusion
7.8 Resources
7.8.1 Substance Use Screening Tools
7.8.2 Self-Help Groups
References
8 Environmental Toxins
Key Points
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Environmental Toxins in the Air
8.2.1 Ozone
8.2.2 Particulate Matter
8.3 Environmental Toxins in the Built Environment
8.3.1 Bisphenol A and Phthalates
8.3.2 Lead
8.3.3 Radon
8.4 Environmental Toxins in Food and Drink
8.4.1 Arsenic
8.4.2 Lead
8.4.3 Mercury
8.4.4 Pesticides
8.5 Environmental Health Disparities
8.6 Conclusion
References
Part II The Nurses’ Code of Ethics
9 Self-Care, Including the History of the Nurses’ Code
Key Points
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current State of Nurses’ Health
9.3 The Code and Self-Care: An Ethical Obligation
9.4 Self-Care and the Nurse
9.5 System Support for Nurses’ Self-Care
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Theories Around Self-Promotion and Self-Management
Key Points
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Innovation
10.1.2 Cultural Competence
10.1.3 Levels of Nursing Theory
10.2 The Nursing Metaparadigm
10.2.1 Domains of the Nursing Metaparadigm
10.2.2 Interactions of the Concepts in the Nursing Metaparadigm
10.2.3 Levels of Nursing Knowledge
10.2.4 Levels of Nursing Theory
10.3 Grand Nursing Theories for Self-Promotion and Self-Management
10.3.1 Orem’s Theory of Self-Care
10.3.2 Roger’s Theory of the Science of Unitary Human Beings
10.4 Middle Range Nursing Theories for Self-Promotion and Self-Management
10.4.1 Swanson’s Theory of Caring and Healing
10.4.2 Pender’s Health Promotion Model
10.5 Practice-Level Nursing Theories for Self-Promotion and Self-Management
10.5.1 Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory
10.5.2 Barker’s Tidal Model Theory
10.6 Conclusion
References
11 Nurse as Patient
Key Points
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Every Cardiac Nurse’s Nightmare: Cardiac Tamponade
11.3 It Is Not a Battle
11.4 The Role of Patient
11.5 Suggested Reading
12 Effects of Disease On Families and Support Systems
Key Points
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chronic Disease
12.2.1 Mortality of Chronic Disease
12.3 Informal Caregivers
12.3.1 Negative Impact of Caregiving
12.4 The Far Reach of Disease
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Health Disparities
Key Points
13.1 Definition of Health Disparities
13.2 Types of Health Disparities
13.2.1 Race and Ethnicity
13.2.2 Sex Differences
13.2.3 Ability Status
13.2.4 Geographic Location
13.3 The Root Causes of Health Disparities
13.3.1 Racism
13.3.2 Healthcare Access
13.3.3 Racial Residential Segregation
13.3.4 Lifestyle Behaviors
13.4 Global Health Disparities
13.4.1 Solutions to Address Health Disparities
13.4.2 Community-Based Interventions
13.4.3 Training of Healthcare Personnel
13.4.4 Diversifying the Healthcare Workforce
13.4.5 Addressing Social Determinants of Health
References
Part III Lifestyle Medicine for Chronic Conditions
14 Preventing, Treating, and Reversing Chronic Disease With Nutritional Interventions
Key Points
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cardiovascular Disease
14.2.1 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
14.2.2 Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
14.2.3 The Portfolio Diet for Cholesterol Management
14.2.4 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Treatment
14.2.5 Nutrition and Hypertension
14.3 Obesity
14.3.1 Nutrition and Obesity Risk
14.3.2 Nutrition and Weight Gain With Age
14.3.3 Nutrition and Weight Loss
14.4 Diabetes
14.4.1 Diabetes Pathophysiology
14.4.2 Nutrition and Diabetes Risk
14.4.3 Nutrition and Diabetes Treatment
14.4.4 Professional Society Guidelines and Recommendations
14.4.5 Patient Vignette
14.5 Cancer
14.5.1 Nutrition and Cancer Risk
14.5.2 Nutrition and Cancer Outcomes
14.6 Other Conditions
14.6.1 Nutrition and Autoimmune, Inflammatory, and Painful Conditions
14.6.2 Impact of Nutrition On Cognitive and Mental Health
14.7 Ongoing Research
14.7.1 Personalized Medicine
14.7.2 Project Baseline and the Women’s Health Initiative
14.8 Conclusion
References
15 Hypertension
Key Points
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Etiologies of Hypertension
15.1.2 Classification
15.2 Lifestyle-Based Therapies to Treat Hypertension
15.3 Exercise
15.4 Mindfulness
15.5 Diet
15.5.1 Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet
15.5.2 The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet)
15.5.3 Whole-Food Plant-Based (WFPB)
15.5.4 Sodium Reduction
15.5.5 Alcohol Reduction
15.6 Nutrients and Supplements and Hypertension
15.6.1 Nitrates
15.6.2 Vitamin D
15.6.3 Flavonoids
15.6.4 Magnesium
15.6.5 Potassium
15.6.6 Calcium
15.6.7 Omega 3 Fatty Acids
15.6.8 Arginine
15.6.9 Taurine
15.6.10 Coenzyme Q10
15.6.11 Tea
15.6.12 Pomegranate Juice
15.6.13 Cocoa
15.7 Conclusion
References
16 Impact of Lifestyle On Cardiometabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Key Points
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Different Definitions of Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome (Alberti Et Al., 2009)
16.2 Incidence and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS)
16.2.1 Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes
16.2.2 Diagnosis of Prediabetes and Diabetes (American Diabetes Association (ADA Professional Practice Committee, 2022b)
16.3 Pathophysiology
16.4 Patient Assessment
16.5 Lifestyle Management
16.5.1 Heart-Healthy Diet
16.5.2 Physical Activity
16.5.3 Weight Management
16.5.4 Smoking Cessation
16.6 Conclusion
References
17 Obesity and Weight Management
Key Points
17.1 Introduction: Definitions and Prevalence (US) of Obesity
17.2 Obesity-Related Comorbidities and Regional Adiposity
17.2.1 Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO) Versus Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO)
17.2.2 Normal Weight Obesity (NWO) Syndrome
17.3 Weight Management of Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
17.4 Recommendations for Screening for Obesity and Behavioral (Lifestyle-Based) Interventions for Weight Loss and Management
17.5 Conclusion
References
18 Dyslipidemia
Key Points
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Definition of Dyslipidemia
18.1.2 Dyslipidemia Is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
18.1.3 Genetic Versus Environmental Contributions to Dyslipidemia
18.1.4 Overall Role of Lifestyle in the Management of Dyslipidemia
18.1.5 When to Advise Pharmacologic Management
18.2 Evidence for Selected Dietary Patterns in the Management of Dyslipidemia
18.2.1 Reduced Saturated Fat Diet
18.2.2 Mediterranean Diet
18.2.3 Carbohydrate Restriction
18.2.4 Vegetarian
18.2.5 Plant-Based
18.3 Dietary Supplements
18.3.1 Red Yeast Rice (RYR)
18.3.2 Plant Stanols/Sterols
18.3.3 Fiber
18.3.4 Omega 3 Fatty Acids (n-3 FAs)
18.3.5 Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
18.4 Exercise as an Adjunct in the Management of Dyslipidemia
18.4.1 Introduction/FITT Principle
18.4.2 Aerobic Exercise
18.4.3 Resistance Training
18.4.4 Yoga
18.5 Substance Use and Impact On Dyslipidemia and CV Risk Factors
18.5.1 Tobacco Use
18.5.2 Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
18.5.3 Cannabis Use
18.5.4 Alcohol Use
18.6 Stress and Lipids
18.7 Conclusion
References
19 Autoimmune Disease
Key Points
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Pathophysiology
19.3 Specific Autoimmune Disorders
19.3.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
19.3.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
19.3.3 Celiac Disease
19.3.4 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
19.3.5 Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
19.3.6 Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
19.3.7 Sjogren’s Syndrome
19.3.8 Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
19.4 Etiology
19.4.1 Genetics
19.4.2 Molecular Mimicry
19.4.3 Leaky Gut
19.4.4 Environmental Factors
19.4.5 Hormone Imbalances
19.4.6 Pathogens
19.4.7 Mental and Emotional Stress
19.4.8 Autoimmune Diseases
19.4.9 Diet
19.4.9.1 A Closer Look at Western Civilization and Diet
19.4.9.2 Childhood Trauma and Inflammation
19.5 Lifestyle Based Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Disease
19.5.1 Nutrition
19.5.1.1 Vitamin A
19.5.1.2 Vitamin D
19.5.1.3 Curcumin
19.5.1.4 Glutathione
19.5.1.5 Magnesium
19.5.1.6 Omega 3s
19.5.1.7 Selenium
19.5.1.8 Zinc
19.5.2 Psychological Health
19.5.3 Physical Activity
19.6 Nurse Interventions
19.7 Conclusion
References
20 Cancer
Key Points
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Evidence On Cancer Prevention
20.1.2 Etiologies and Hallmarks of Cancer
20.2 Identifying Lifestyle Choices to Reduce Risk of Cancer
20.3 Adiposity and Weight Gain
20.4 A Predominantly Plant-Based Diet
20.5 Dietary Components for Limited Use
20.5.1 Red and Processed Meats
20.5.2 Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Processed Foods That Promote Weight Gain
20.5.3 Alcohol
20.6 Dietary Supplements
20.7 Physical Activity
20.8 Tobacco
20.9 After a Cancer Diagnosis
20.10 Common Questions
20.10.1 Sugar
20.10.2 Dairy
20.10.3 Coffee and Tea
20.10.4 Organic Foods
20.10.5 Soy Foods
20.11 Conclusion
References
21 Cognitive Disorders and Lifestyle Change
Key Points
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Memory
21.2.1 Sensory Memory
21.2.2 Short-Term Memory
21.2.3 Long-Term Memory
21.2.4 Pathophysiology
21.3 Cognitive Impairment
21.3.1 Mild Cognitive Impairment/Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
21.3.2 Dementia/Major Cognitive Disorder
21.4 Cognitive Assessment
21.4.1 MMSE Screening Tool
21.4.2 SLUMS Screening Tool
21.4.3 MoCA Screening Tool
21.5 Factors Affecting Cognitive Health
21.5.1 Food Is Medicine
21.5.2 Gut Health
21.5.3 Micronutrients Functions
21.5.4 Physical Activity
21.5.5 Other Factors
21.6 Conclusion
References
22 Mental Health in Lifestyle Medicine
Key Points
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Definitions and Terminology
22.3 Causes of Mental Illness
22.4 Signs and Symptoms of Mental Illness
22.5 Prevalence of Mental Illness in the United States
22.6 Significance of Mental Illness
22.7 Lifestyle Medicine for Psychiatric Illnesses
22.8 Nutrition for Mental Health
22.8.1 The Food–Mood Connection
22.8.2 Diet and Depression/Anxiety
22.8.3 Diet and Bipolar Disorder
22.8.4 Diet and Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Autism Spectrum Disorder
22.9 Physical Activity and Mental Health
22.10 Stress and Mental Health
22.11 Sleep and Mental Health
22.12 Social Connectedness and Mental Health
22.13 Tobacco Use
22.14 Potential Barriers to Adopting Lifestyle Medicine Interventions for People With Mental Health Conditions
22.14.1 Individual Health Beliefs and Preferences
22.14.2 Cultural Factors
22.14.3 Healthcare Avoidance
22.14.4 Health Literacy
22.14.5 Difficulty With Adherence to Lifestyle Changes
22.15 Potential Barriers to Diet Changes
22.16 Conclusion
References
23 Tobacco Products: Risk Reduction and Cessation
Key Points
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Helping Patients to Quit Smoking
23.2.1 Guideline Recommendations for Success With Cessation
23.2.2 Interventions By Nurses at Every Visit
23.2.2.1 Strong Personal Advice By Numerous Healthcare Providers
23.2.2.2 Additional Counseling to Support Individuals
23.2.2.3 Follow-Up
23.3 Other Issues Related to Tobacco Use
23.3.1 Other Tobacco Products: Electronic Cigarettes and Risk
23.3.2 Coverage for Tobacco Cessation
23.3.3 New Research Related to Tobacco Use
23.4 Conclusion
23.5 Resources
References
Part IV Maintaining Health Through Lifestyle Medicine
24 How Often Do You Think About Oral Health as an Essential Part of Wellness and a Healthy Lifestyle?
Key Points
24.1 Introduction
24.1.1 The Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease
24.1.2 Etiology of Tooth Decay
24.1.3 Etiology of Gum Disease
24.2 Oral Health During Pregnancy
24.3 Lifestyle Oral Health for Children and Adolescents
24.4 Lifestyle Oral Health for Adults
24.4.1 Diabetes
24.4.2 Cancer
24.4.3 Cardiovascular Disease
24.4.4 Respiratory Disease
24.4.5 Behavioral Health
24.5 Conclusion
References
25 Special Considerations for Men’s Health
Key Points
25.1 Introduction
25.1.1 Gender Identity
25.2 Overweight and Obesity
25.3 Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
25.3.1 Ginseng and Yohimbine
25.3.2 Psychosexual Counseling
25.3.3 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
25.3.4 Penile Vacuum Device
25.4 Male Infertility
25.4.1 Cannabis and Other Recreational Drug Consumption
25.4.2 Psychological Stress
25.4.3 Cigarette and Alcohol Consumption
25.4.4 Overweight and Obesity
25.4.5 Diet
25.4.6 Advanced Paternal Age
25.4.7 Caffeine Consumption
25.4.8 Other Lifestyle Choices Impacting Fertility
25.5 Prostatitis and Pelvic Pain Syndrome
25.6 Prostate Cancer
25.7 Testicular Dysfunction
25.7.1 Testicular Cancer
25.8 Mental Health
25.9 Conclusion
References
26 Midwifery Approach to Lifestyle Medicine for Reproductive Health
Key Points
26.1 Introduction
26.1.1 Intersection of Midwifery and Lifestyle Medicine
26.2 Preconception: Preparing for Pregnancy Through Lifestyle Optimization
26.3 Lifestyle Prescriptions for Improving Health in Pregnancy
26.3.1 Exercise
26.3.2 Nutrition
26.3.3 Mood in Pregnancy and Postpartum
26.4 Eating Disorders and Orthorexia: Considerations for Lifestyle Interventions
26.5 Perimenopause and Menopause
26.5.1 Exercise
26.5.2 Sleep Hygiene
26.5.3 Stress Management
26.6 Conclusion
References
27 Pediatric Health
Key Points
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Healthy Eating and Physical Activity
27.2.1 Promoting Healthy Weight By Age
27.3 Sleep
27.4 Avoidance of Risky Substances
27.5 Managing Stress and Maintaining Connectedness
27.6 Conclusion
References
28 Optimizing Function and Physical Health in Frail Adults
Key Points
28.1 Frailty Definition
28.2 Impact of Aerobic and Resistive Activities On Frailty
28.3 Motivating Frail Older Adults to Exercise
28.4 Types of Physical Activity for Frail Older Adults to Perform
28.5 Risks of Exercise
28.6 Exercise Prescriptions for Frail Older Adults
28.6.1 Individual Approaches
28.6.2 Group Approaches for Frail Older Adults in Long-Term Care Settings
28.6.3 Challenges to Overcome to Optimally Engage Frail Older Adults in Physical Activity
28.7 Conclusion
28.8 Resources
28.8.1 Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines Website
28.8.2 National Institutes of Health Resources
28.8.3 Administration On Community Living
28.8.4 President’s Council On Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
28.8.5 National Physical Activity Plan
28.8.6 ACSM/AMA
28.8.7 Online Exercise Screening Tool
28.8.8 National Council On the Aging
References
Part V Application and Implementation
29 Spiritual Care: Practice Implications
Key Points
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Spirituality, Religiosity, and Health
29.3 Nurse-Provided Spiritual Care
29.4 Implications for Lifestyle Nursing Care
29.4.1 Ethical Spiritual Care
29.4.2 Spiritual Care Communication Principles
29.4.3 Spiritual Screening and Assessment
29.4.4 Team Collaboration for Spiritual Care
29.4.5 Nurse Spiritual Self-Awareness
29.5 Spiritual Care at the End of Life
29.6 Conclusion
References
30 Empowering Patients Toward Motivation and Maintenance to Change
Key Points
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Behavior Change Theories and Frameworks
30.2.1 Social Learning Theory
30.2.2 Transtheoretical Stages of Change
30.2.3 Relapse Prevention
30.3 Engaging Patients Toward Behavior Change
30.3.1 Motivational Interviewing
30.3.2 Coaching
30.4 Elements of Health Behavior Change
30.5 Conclusion
References
31 Mindfulness and Meditation Practices
Key Points
31.1 Introduction
31.1.1 What Is Mindfulness?
31.1.2 How Does Meditation Differ From Mindfulness?
31.1.3 Paying Attention
31.2 Mindful Living
31.3 Mindfulness of the Body
31.4 Mindfulness of Emotions
31.4.1 Turning Toward Our Emotions
31.5 Mindfulness of Thoughts
31.6 An Introduction to Polyvagal Theory
31.6.1 Clinical Applications of Polyvagal Theory
31.6.2 Neuroception
31.6.3 The Window of Tolerance
31.6.4 Embodying Resources
31.7 Mindfulness for Managing Chronic Conditions
31.8 Contra-Indications for Mindfulness Practice
31.9 The Gift of Presence
31.9.1 Cultivating Kindness and Compassion
31.10 Conclusion
31.11 Resources
31.11.1 Mindfulness Apps
31.11.2 Mindfulness Training/Education Programs
31.11.3 Mindfulness Teachers/Authors
31.11.4 Mindfulness Retreat Centers
31.11.5 Trauma Resources
31.11.6 Miscellaneous
References
32 Promoting Optimal Lifestyle Behaviors: Strategies and Resources
Key Points
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Operationalizing SEM in Primary and Secondary Prevention: Factors to Consider
32.3 Implications for Nurses and Healthcare Providers: Promoting Healthy Behaviors in Primary and Secondary Prevention
32.4 Strategies for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
32.4.1 Patient Education and Counseling and Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE)
32.4.2 Motivational Interviewing (MI)
32.4.3 Mobile Health (MHealth) and Digital Health (EHealth) Technology
32.5 Secondary Prevention: Importance of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs
32.6 Multicomponent Interventions: Integrating Behavioral-Lifestyle Change Strategies With Multidisciplinary Case Management
32.7 Resources for Promoting Optimal Lifestyle Behaviors
32.8 Conclusion
32.9 Resources
References
33 Digital Therapeutics
Key Points
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Adoption of Digital Health Strategies and Digital Therapeutics
33.3 Specific Exemplars of the Use of Digital Therapeutics
33.3.1 Case Study: Digital Health and Models of Digital Atrial Fibrillation Management
33.4 Expanding Access to Healthcare and a Population-Based Approach
33.5 Toward a Person-Centered Approach in Digital Therapeutics
33.6 Barriers to the Adoption of Digital Therapeutics
33.7 The Role of Nurses in Digital Therapeutics
33.8 Conclusion
References
Index