Lessons In Electric Circuits, Volume IV - Digital

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Author(s): Tony R. Kuphaldt
Publisher: Open Book Project
Year: 2007

Language: English
Pages: 517

Numbers and symbols......Page 10
Systems of numeration......Page 15
Decimal versus binary numeration......Page 17
Octal and hexadecimal numeration......Page 19
Octal and hexadecimal to decimal conversion......Page 21
Conversion from decimal numeration......Page 22
Numbers versus numeration......Page 28
Negative binary numbers......Page 29
Subtraction......Page 32
Overflow......Page 34
Bit groupings......Page 36
LOGIC GATES......Page 38
Digital signals and gates......Page 39
The NOT gate......Page 42
The "buffer" gate......Page 54
Multiple-input gates......Page 57
The AND gate......Page 58
The NAND gate......Page 60
The OR gate......Page 61
The NOR gate......Page 63
The Negative-AND gate......Page 64
The Negative-OR gate......Page 65
The Exclusive-OR gate......Page 66
The Exclusive-NOR gate......Page 68
TTL NAND and AND gates......Page 69
TTL NOR and OR gates......Page 74
CMOS gate circuitry......Page 77
Special-output gates......Page 90
Constructing the NOT function......Page 94
Constructing the AND function......Page 95
Constructing the NAND function......Page 96
Constructing the OR function......Page 97
Constructing the NOR function......Page 98
Logic signal voltage levels......Page 99
DIP gate packaging......Page 109
Contributors......Page 111
Switch types......Page 112
Switch contact design......Page 117
Contact "normal" state and make/break sequence......Page 120
Contact "bounce"......Page 125
Relay construction......Page 128
Contactors......Page 131
Time-delay relays......Page 135
Protective relays......Page 141
Solid-state relays......Page 142
"Ladder" diagrams......Page 144
Digital logic functions......Page 148
Permissive and interlock circuits......Page 153
Motor control circuits......Page 156
Fail-safe design......Page 159
Programmable logic controllers......Page 163
Contributors......Page 180
Introduction......Page 182
Boolean arithmetic......Page 184
Boolean algebraic identities......Page 187
Boolean algebraic properties......Page 190
Boolean rules for simplification......Page 193
Circuit simplification examples......Page 196
The Exclusive-OR function......Page 201
DeMorgan's Theorems......Page 202
Converting truth tables into Boolean expressions......Page 209
Introduction......Page 228
Venn diagrams and sets......Page 229
Boolean Relationships on Venn Diagrams......Page 232
Making a Venn diagram look like a Karnaugh map......Page 237
Karnaugh maps, truth tables, and Boolean expressions......Page 240
Logic simplification with Karnaugh maps......Page 247
Larger 4-variable Karnaugh maps......Page 254
Minterm vs maxterm solution......Page 258
(sum) and (product) notation......Page 270
Don't care cells in the Karnaugh map......Page 271
Larger 5 & 6-variable Karnaugh maps......Page 274
Introduction......Page 282
A Half-Adder......Page 283
A Full-Adder......Page 284
Decoder......Page 291
Encoder......Page 295
Demultiplexers......Page 299
Multiplexers......Page 302
Using multiple combinational circuits......Page 304
Digital logic with feedback......Page 308
The S-R latch......Page 312
The gated S-R latch......Page 316
The D latch......Page 317
Edge-triggered latches: Flip-Flops......Page 319
The J-K flip-flop......Page 324
Asynchronous flip-flop inputs......Page 326
Monostable multivibrators......Page 328
Binary count sequence......Page 332
Asynchronous counters......Page 334
Synchronous counters......Page 341
Finite State Machines......Page 347
Bibliography......Page 356
Introduction......Page 358
Serial-in/serial-out shift register......Page 361
Serial-in/serial-out devices......Page 365
Parallel-in, serial-out shift register......Page 370
Parallel-in/serial-out devices......Page 373
Practical applications......Page 379
Serial-in, parallel-out shift register......Page 381
Serial-in/ parallel-out devices......Page 382
Practical applications......Page 388
Parallel-in, parallel-out, universal shift register......Page 390
Parallel-in/ parallel-out and universal devices......Page 395
Practical applications......Page 399
Ring counters......Page 401
Johnson counters......Page 404
Johnson counter devices......Page 408
Practical applications......Page 409
references......Page 414
Introduction......Page 416
The R/2nR DAC......Page 418
The R/2R DAC......Page 421
Flash ADC......Page 423
Digital ramp ADC......Page 426
Successive approximation ADC......Page 428
Tracking ADC......Page 430
Slope (integrating) ADC......Page 431
Delta-Sigma () ADC......Page 434
Practical considerations of ADC circuits......Page 436
Introduction......Page 442
Networks and busses......Page 446
Short-distance busses......Page 448
Extended-distance networks......Page 449
Data flow......Page 450
Electrical signal types......Page 451
Optical data communication......Page 455
Network topology......Page 457
Network protocols......Page 459
Practical considerations......Page 462
Why digital?......Page 464
Digital memory terms and concepts......Page 465
Modern nonmechanical memory......Page 467
Historical, nonmechanical memory technologies......Page 469
Read-only memory......Page 475
Memory with moving parts: "Drives"......Page 476
A binary adder......Page 480
Look-up tables......Page 481
Finite-state machines......Page 486
Microprocessors......Page 490
Microprocessor programming......Page 493
Purpose......Page 496
The use of SPICE......Page 497
Acknowledgements......Page 498
How to contribute to this book......Page 502
Tony R. Kuphaldt......Page 503
Typo corrections and other ``minor'' contributions......Page 504
1. Definitions......Page 506
3. Copying and distribution......Page 507
6. Acceptance......Page 508
INDEX......Page 509
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 5