This book discusses larger signal amplifiers (denoted as PA). Large signal amplifiers are dealing with signals whose magnitude is such that the operation of the active element can no longer be considered linear. They are usually designed to get as much power gain and efficiency as possible. That is why they are often called power amplifiers. In this book, two implementations of PA are considered. First, it is of interest to obtain large signals (current or voltage) at the output of a cascade of direct coupled amplifiers. In this case, linearity, frequency response, and speed are the most important requirements. Second are real power amplifiers where the power delivered to the load is of primary interest. Of course, efficiency, linearity, and high frequency response are of interest, too. A very special attention is paid to modern power electronic components such as Power BJT, VDMOS, IGBT, SiC MOS, and GaN HEMT. DC and switching properties of all these devices are studied in much detail. This book also includes a set of appendices which cover: solved problems, SPICE simulation results for selected set of circuits, and a short review of microelectronic technology process
Author(s): Vančo B. Litovski
Series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 958
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 373
City: Singapore
1
Preface
Introduction to the Lecture Notes of Analogue Electronics (LNAE) Series
Contents
About the Author
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4.1 Introduction
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4.2 Power Electronic Devices
4.2.1 Basic Semiconductor Device Physics
4.2.1.1 Intrinsic Concentration and the Energy Gap
4.2.1.2 Energy Diagrams Revisited
4.2.1.3 The Breakdown Voltage and Measures for Its Increase
4.2.2 Power Diodes
4.2.2.1 The p-n Junction and the Semiconductor Diode
4.2.2.2 The On-Resistance
4.2.2.3 Inverse Saturation Current
4.2.2.4 Breakdown Voltage
4.2.2.5 The Diode Forward Characteristic
4.2.2.6 Junction (Space Charge or Transition) Capacitances
4.2.2.7 Diffusion Capacitance
4.2.3 Power Active Devices
4.2.3.1 Bipolar Power Transistors
4.2.3.2 Junction Field Effect (JFET) Power Transistors
4.2.3.3 Isolated Gate Field Effect (IGFET) Power Transistors
4.2.4 Thyristors
4.2.4.1 GTO
4.2.4.2 Triac and Diac
4.2.4.3 UJT and CUJT
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4.3 Basic Theory of Large Signal Amplification
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Class A Amplifiers
4.3.2.1 Power Amplifier Stage Using a JFET
4.3.2.2 Class A Amplifier with a BJT
4.3.2.3 Push–pull in Class A Power Amplifiers
4.3.2.4 Transformerless Single Transistor Class A Power Amplifier with BJT
4.3.3 Class B Amplifiers
4.3.4 Phase Splitters
4.3.5 Push–pull Amplifiers with a Pair of Complementary Transistors in Class A
4.3.5.1 Push–pull Amplifiers with a Pair of Complementary Transistors in Class B
4.3.5.2 Class B Push–pull Amplifier with a Darlington Pair
4.3.5.3 Push–pull Amplifiers with Power MOS Transistors
4.3.6 Class C Power Amplifiers
4.3.7 Class D Amplifiers
4.3.8 Class E and Class F Amplifiers
4.3.9 Class G, Class H, and Class S Amplifiers
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4.4 Discrete and Integrated Power Amplifier Circuits
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 NMOS Power Amplifier
4.4.3 Bipolar Power Amplifiers
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4.5 Operational and Transconductance Amplifiers
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Bipolar Operational Amplifiers
4.5.2.1 DC Regimes in the Simple OA
4.5.2.2 Frequency Response of the OA
4.5.2.3 OA with Differential Output
4.5.2.4 Voltage and Current Offset
4.5.2.5 Definitions of the OA’s Parameters
4.5.3 Realization of MOS OA and OTA
4.5.4 Realization of the OA Using JFETs
4.5.5 Realization of OA Using Mixed Technologies
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4.6 Analog Computations
4.6.1 Introduction
4.6.2 The Ideal OA
4.6.3 Basic Applications of the OAs
4.6.3.1 Inverting Amplifier
4.6.3.2 Non-inverting Amplifier
4.6.3.3 Differential Balanced Amplifier
4.6.3.4 Voltage-to-Current Converter
4.6.3.5 Current-to-Voltage Converter
4.6.3.6 Analog Computational Circuits
4.6.3.7 Active RC Filters
4.6.3.8 Impedance Converters
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Appendix 4.A A Short Review of Microelectronic Technology Processes
Appendix 4.B Solved Problems
Appendix 4.C Examples with SPICE Simulations
Appendix 4.D Approximative Calculation of the Harmonic Distortions
References
Index
