Learn C on the Mac

Learn C on the Mac
Copyright
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Preface
Chapter 1: Welcome Aboard
Who Is This Book For?
The Lay of the Land
Chapter 2: Go Get the Tools!
Create an ADC Account
Download the Tools
Installing the Tools
Take Tour Tools for a Test Drive
The Xcode Welcome Screen
Creating Your First Xcode Project
Saving Your New Project
Running the Project
Your First Program
Downloading the Book Projects
Let's Move On
Chapter 3: Programming Basics
Programming
Some Alternatives to C
What About Objective-C, C++, and Java?
What's the Best Language for Programming the Mac or iPhone?
The Programming Process
Source Code
Compiling Your Source Code
What's Next?
Chapter 4: C Basics - Funtions
C Functions
The Funtion Definition
Syntax Errors and Algorithms
Calling a Function
A Brief History of C
The Standard Library
Exploring Unix and Your Mac's Built-In Manual
Same Program, Two Functions
The hello2 Project
The hello2 Source Code
Running hello2
Let's Do That Again, Again, Again
Generating Some Errors
C Is Case Sensitive
What's Next?
Chapter 5: C Basics - Variables and Operators
An Introduction to Variables
Working with Variables
Variable Names
The Size of a Type
Bytes and Bits
Going from 1 Byte to 2 Bytes
Operators
The +, -, ++, and -- Operators
The += and -= Operators
The *, /, *=, and /= Operators
Using Parentheses
Operator Precedence
Sample Programs
Opening operator.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the operator Source Code
Opening postfix.xcode
Stepping Through the postfix Source Code
Backslash Combinations
Support for Backslash Combinations
Running slasher
Stepping Through the slasher Source Code
Building slasher the Unix Way
Which Compiler Did You Run?
Running the Unix Version of slasher
Sprucing Up Your Code
Source Code Spacing
Comment Your Code
The Curly Brace Controversy
What's Next?
Chapter 6: Controlling Your Program's Flow
Flow Control
The if Statement
Expressions
True Expressions
Comparative Operators
Logical Operators
truthTester.xcodeproj
Compound Expressions
Statements
The Curly Braces
Where to Place the Semicolon
The Loneliest Statement
The while Statement
The for Statement
loopTester.xcodeproj
The do Statement
The switch Statement
Breaks in Other Loops
isOdd.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the isOdd Source Code
nextPrime.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the nextPrime Source Code
What's Next
Chapter 7: Pointers and Parameters
What Is a Pointer?
Why Use Pointers?
Checking Out of the Library
Pointer Basics
Variable Addresses
The & Operator
Declaring a Pointer Variable
Function Parameters
What Are Function Parameters?
Variable Scope
How Function Parameters Work
Parameters Are Temporary
The Difference Between Arguments and Parameters
What Does All This Have to Do with Pointers?
Global Variables and Function Returns
Global Variables
Adding Globals to Your Programs
Function Returns
printf() Returns a Value
Danger! Avoid Uninitialized Return Values!
To Return or Not to Return?
More Sample Programs
listPrimes.xcode
power.xcodeproj
Using the Debugger
What's Next?
Chapter 8: Variable Data Types
Data Types Beyond int
floatSizer
Walking Through the floatSizer Source Code
The Integer Types
Type Value Ranges
Memory Efficiency vs. Safety
Working with Characters
The ASCII Character Set
ascii.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the ascii Source Code
Arrays
Why Use Arrays?
dice.xcode
Stepping Through the dice Source Code
Danger, Will Robinson!
Text Strings
A Text String in Memory
nameBad.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the nameBad Source Code
The Input Buffer
On with the Program
The Problem with nameBad
The nameGood Source Code
The #define Directive
Function-Like #define Macros
wordCount.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the wordCount Source Code
What's Next?
Chapter 9: Designing Your Own Data Structures
Bundling Your Data
Model A: Three Arrays
multiArray.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the multiArray Source Code
Getting Rid of the Extra Carriage Return
Adding Error Handling
Walking Through the multiArrayWithErrCode Source Code
Finishing Up With Model A
Model B: The Data Structure Approach
structSize.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the structSize Source Code
Passing a struct As a Parameter
Passing a Copy of the struct
paramAddress.xcodeproj
struct Arrays
Allocating Your Own Memory
Using malloc()
free()
Keeping Track of That Address!
Working with Linked Lists
Why Use Linked Lists?
Creating a Linked List
dvdTracker.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the dvdTracker Source Code
What's Next?
Chapter 10: Working with FIles
What Is a FIle?
Working with Files: File Basics
Understanding File Names
Opening and Closing a FIle
Reading a File
printFile.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the printFile Source Code
stdin, stdout, and stderr
Working with Files: Writing Files
Writing to a File
dvdFiler.xcodeproj
Creating a New Source Code File
Exploring dvdData
Running dvdFiler
Stepping Through the dvdFiler Source Code
Working with Files: Fancier File Manipulation
The Update Modes
Random File Access
Using Random Access Functions
dinoEdit.xcodeproj
Stepping Through the dinoEdit Source Code
What's Next?
Chapter 11: Advanced Topics
Typecasting
Cast with Care
Casting with Pointers
Unions
Why Use Unions?
Function Recursion
A Recursive Approach
Binary Trees
Searching Binary Trees
Recursion and Binary Trees
Function Pointers
Initializers
An Initializon Example
The Remaining Operators
Creating Your Own Types
Enumerated Types
Static Variables
More on Strings
strncpy()
strncat()
strncmp()
strlen()
More Standard Library Information
What's Next?
Chapter 12: Where Do You Go from Here?
The Mac User Interface
Objective-c and Cocoa
Learning Cocoa
One Last Bit of Code
Go Get 'Em
Appendix: Answers to Exercises
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Index