Leadership and Management in Healthcare: A Guide for Medical and Dental Practitioners

Preface
Junior and Academic Grades Nomenclature
Acknowledgements
Contents
Part I: The Management, Structure and Function of the National Health Service
1: The Structure of the NHS
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Funding Streams
1.2 Organisational Structure of the Department of Health (DH)
1.2.1 Secretary of State for Health and Social Care
1.2.2 Department of Health
1.2.3 NHS England
1.2.4 Clinical Commissioning Groups
1.2.5 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
1.2.6 NHS Improvement
1.2.7 Health and Wellbeing Boards
1.2.8 Care Quality Commission
1.2.9 Public Health England
1.2.10 Other Important Organisations
1.3 Hospital Structures
1.3.1 The Board of Directors
Further Readings
2: Quality, Efficiency and Value in the NHS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Quality in the NHS
2.2.1 NHS Improvement Quality
2.2.2 NHS Improvement (NHSI)
2.2.3 Commissioning for Quality and Innovation
2.2.4 Quality Premium
2.2.5 Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership
2.2.6 National Voices
2.2.7 National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death
2.2.8 Quality and Outcomes Framework
2.2.9 National Quality Board
2.2.10 Patient Reported Outcome Measures
2.3 Efficiency Models in Healthcare
2.3.1 The Lean Model
2.3.2 McKinsey 7S Framework
2.3.3 Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model
2.3.4 Lewin’s Change Management Model
2.3.5 The Congruence Model
2.3.6 The Burke–Litwin Model
2.3.7 Weisbord’s Six-Box Model
2.4 Purpose
Further Readings
3: Evidence-Based Practice in the NHS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 NICE
3.3 NICE Decision Making
3.3.1 Clinical Effectiveness
3.3.2 Cost-Effectiveness
3.3.3 Social Value Judgements
3.3.4 Implementing a New Practice
Further Readings
4: Healthcare Regulation in the UK
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Royal Colleges
4.3 Health and Social Care Regulators
4.3.1 The General Chiropractic Council
4.3.2 The General Dental Council
4.3.3 The General Medical Council
4.3.4 The General Optical Council
4.3.5 The General Osteopathic Council
4.3.6 The General Pharmaceutical Council
4.3.7 The Health and Care Professions Council
4.3.8 The Nursing and Midwifery Council
4.3.9 The Pharmaceutical Society of Northern Ireland
4.3.10 The Social Work England
4.4 Requirements for Practising Medicine in the UK
4.4.1 Provisional Registration
4.4.2 Registration for Doctors with European Qualifications
4.4.3 Registration for Doctors with International Qualifications
Further Readings
5: Staffing in the NHS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Recruitment
5.3 Role of Consultants in the NHS
5.3.1 Summary of the Key Roles of an NHS Consultant
5.4 Job Planning
5.4.1 Direct Clinical Care and Supporting Professional Activities
5.5 Appraisals
5.6 Revalidation
Further Readings
6: Ethical Practice and Medico-legal Themes in the NHS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Ethics in Everyday Practice
6.3 Confidentiality and Consent
6.3.1 Consent to Release Information
6.3.2 Authority to Access Confidential Information
6.4 Consent for Treatment
6.4.1 Patient’s Consent to Treatment
6.4.2 Consent for the Use of Human Tissue
6.4.3 Consent for Clinical Photography/Video Recordings
6.4.4 Consent for Fertility Treatments
6.5 Reporting: Duty of Candour
6.6 Proof of Negligence
Further Readings
7: Clinical Effectiveness and Clinical Audit
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Clinical Effectiveness
7.2.1 The Stages of Clinical Effectiveness
7.3 Clinical Governance
7.3.1 Research Governance
7.3.2 Non-NHS Research Projects
7.4 Clinical Audit
7.4.1 Classification of Clinical Audits
7.4.2 The Clinical Audit Cycle
7.4.3 Advantages of Clinical Audit
7.4.4 Difference Between Clinical Audit and Clinical Research
7.4.5 National Clinical Audits
7.5 Achieving Clinical Effectiveness
Further Readings
8: Trainee Performance and Assessment in the NHS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Structure
8.2.1 The Regulators
8.2.2 Postgraduate Training Bodies
8.3 The Process
8.3.1 Pre-CCT Appraisal
8.3.2 Post-CCT Appraisal
8.3.3 National Clinical Assessment Service
Further Readings
9: Clinical Risk Management in the NHS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 National Agencies
9.2.1 The NHS Commissioning Board Special Health Authority
9.2.2 The National Clinical Assessment Service
9.3 Serious Incidents
9.3.1 Types of Serious Incidents
9.3.2 Management of a Serious Incident
9.4 Management of a Litigation Case in Acute Trusts
9.5 Risk Management Strategies in UK Trusts
9.5.1 Risk Register Processes
Further Readings
10: Data Protection and Freedom of Information
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Confidentiality Code of Practice
10.3 Data Protection Act 2018
10.3.1 Defining Personal Data
10.3.2 Data Protection Aims
10.3.3 Data Protection Principles
10.3.4 Caldicott Principles
10.3.5 Differences Between the Data Protection Act 1998 and 2018
10.3.6 Other Data Protection Principles
10.3.6.1 Information
10.3.6.2 Access
10.3.6.3 Exemptions
10.3.6.4 Security
10.3.6.5 Research
10.3.6.6 Maintaining Standards
10.3.6.7 Information Commissioner
Further Readings
Part II: Management Scenarios
11: Management of an Underperforming Allied Health Professional
11.1 Introduction
11.2 General Management Principles
11.3 Management Approach to this Scenario
11.3.1 Stage 1 of the Formal Process
11.3.1.1 Outcome of Stage 1 of Formal Process
11.3.2 Stage 2 of the Formal Process
11.3.2.1 Outcome of Stage 2 of the Formal Process
11.3.3 Stage 3 of the Formal Process
11.3.3.1 Outcome of Stage 3 of the Formal Process
11.4 The Appeals Process
11.5 Trust Policies
12: Management of an Injury Sustained at Work
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Risk Assessment
12.1.2 Risk Management
12.1.3 Hazard
12.1.4 Risk
12.2 Management Approach to this Scenario
12.3 Legislations
12.4 Trust Policies
13: Management of Clinical Incident at Work
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Clinical Incidents
13.3 Management Approach to this Scenario
13.4 External Reporting
13.5 Trust Policies
13.6 NHS England Legislations for Serious Incident Framework and Never Events
14: Management of Justifying Existing Levels of Care
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Clinical Commissioning Groups and Funding Streams
14.2.1 Funding Formulas
14.2.2 Person-Based Resource Allocator
14.2.3 Current Allocation Strategy for CCGs
14.3 Management Sequence for this Scenario
14.4 Further Reading
15: Management of a Suspected Victim of Physical Abuse
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Types of Abuse
15.3 Signs of Child Abuse
15.3.1 Physical Abuse
15.3.2 Emotional Abuse
15.3.3 Sexual Abuse
15.3.4 Neglect
15.4 Management of Child Abuse in a Clinical Setting
15.5 Relevant Trust Policies
15.6 Legislations
16: Management of a Breach of Data Confidentiality
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Data Protection
16.2.1 Obtaining Consent
16.2.2 When Is Consent Not Necessary?
16.2.3 The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO)
16.2.4 The National Information Governance Board for Health and Social Care (NIGB)
16.2.5 UK Caldicott Guardian Council
16.3 Management of Loss of Patient Identifiable Data
16.4 Legislation and Typical Trust Policies
17: Management of a Formal Complaint
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Complaints
17.3 Management of a Complaint
17.4 Taking the Complaint Further
17.5 Legislation and Typical Trust Policies
Further Reading
18: Management of a Contaminated Needlestick Injury
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Incidence of Needlestick Injuries
18.3 Needlestick Injuries and Blood-Borne Pathogens
18.4 Reducing the Risk of Transition
18.5 Higher Risk Groups
18.6 Protocol for a Healthcare Worker Exposed to High-Risk Blood Sample
18.7 Protocol for a Healthcare Worker Exposed to a Low-Risk or Stale Blood Sample
18.8 Immediate Management of a Sharps Injury
18.9 Occupational Health Service Management of a Needlestick Injury
18.10 Legislation and Typical Trust Policies
Further Reading
19: Management of Staff with Repeated Episodes of Absenteeism
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Main Types of Leave Entitlements
19.2.1 Maternity Leave
19.2.2 Paternity Leave
19.3 Management of Colleagues with Repeated Episodes of Absenteeism
19.4 Typical Trust Policies
20: Management of a New Business Case
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Business Cases
20.3 Management of Applying for a New Member of Staff
20.4 Main Sources of Income Generation and Savings within a Hospital Department
20.5 Typical Trust Policies
21: Management of a Dilemma Involving Sharing of Confidential Information and Professional Conduct
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Legal Obligations
21.3 Management of a Colleague with a Blood-Borne Virus
21.4 Management of Scenario
21.5 Guidances, Legislations and Typical Trust Policies
22: Management of a Non-compliant Trainee
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Types of Trainee Assessment Tools
22.3 Management of a Non-compliant Trainee
22.4 Typical Trust Policies
23: Management of Recruiting New Junior Trainee
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Foundation Year Trainees
23.3 Management of Recruiting New Junior Trainees
23.4 Typical Trust Policies
24: Management of Suspected Fraud in Your Department
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Legal Framework
24.3 Management of Suspected Fraud at Work
24.4 Typical Trust Policies
25: Management of Violence and Aggression at Work
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Legal Framework
25.3 Management of Violence and Aggression at Work
25.4 Typical Trust Policies
26: Management of Health Tourism in Your Department
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Legal Framework
26.3 Management of Hospital Admissions
26.3.1 Management of Outpatients Appointments
26.4 Patients from Countries in the European Economic Area
26.5 Typical Trust Policies and Relevant Documents
27: Management of Colleagues Affected by Stress at Work
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Stress at Work
27.3 Stepwise Approach Following Identification of Stress at Work
27.4 Legislations and Typical Trust Policies
27.5 Sources of Further Information
28: Management of Inappropriate Use of Social Media
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Use of Social Media at Work
28.3 Stepwise Management Following Incident
28.4 Legislations and Typical Trust Policies
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
The Glossary