This is the fullest account ever published of Latin suffixes in English. It explores the rich variety of English words formed by the addition of one or more Latin suffixes, such as ial, -able, -ability, -ible, and -id. It traces the histories of over 3,000 words and reveals the range of derivational patterns in Indo-European, Latin, and English. It makes an important contribution to the history of English and Latin morphology and etymology, as well as to the history of suffixal derivation in Indo-European.
Author(s): D. Gary Miller
Series: Oxford Linguistics
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 422
Contents......Page 12
Latin Sources and Periods......Page 18
Dating and Other Conventions......Page 21
Abbreviations......Page 23
Bibliographical Abbreviations......Page 31
1.2 Derivation and recursivity......Page 38
1.3 Conversion......Page 39
1.3.1 Denominal derivation in crosslinguistic perspective......Page 40
1.4 Constraints on derivation......Page 41
1.5 Backformation......Page 43
1.6 Productivity......Page 44
1.7 Derivational bases of the Latin verb......Page 45
1.8 The Asp head hypothesis......Page 46
1.9 Derivational parallels and parallel derivations......Page 47
1.10 Verbs and adjectives......Page 49
1.11 Types of states......Page 51
1.12 Changes of state......Page 52
1.13 Caland(-Wackernagel) stems......Page 54
1.14 States and activities......Page 55
1.15 Changes of state and different result states......Page 56
1.16 Accomplishments and achievements......Page 60
1.17 Conclusion......Page 62
2.1.1 History and status in Latin......Page 63
2.1.2 The status of -ity in English......Page 64
2.1.3 Deadjectival formations......Page 65
2.1.4 Denominal formations......Page 70
2.2 -ia/-tia (> E -y/-ce) ‘subjective-state trait’......Page 71
2.2.2 Miscellaneous formations......Page 72
2.2.4 Denominal derivatives in -(t)ia......Page 73
2.2.5 Derivatives from -a/ent- constructs (over fifty by c14)......Page 74
2.2.6 Special -nt-ia formations......Page 76
2.3 -(i)tia (> E -ice) ‘subjective-state trait’......Page 77
2.4 -(i)tūdō/-(i)tūdin- (> E -(i)tude) ‘observable state’......Page 78
2.4.1 Regular formations......Page 79
2.4.2 Special formations......Page 81
2.5.2 Legal formations (mostly -mōnium)......Page 82
2.6 -(it)ium (> E -y; -e after c/g) ‘practice of; office; position; place’......Page 83
2.6.1 Denominal formations......Page 84
2.6.3 Direct borrowings from Latin......Page 86
2.7 -ātus (> E -ate) ‘office of ’ (cf. -ship/-hood)......Page 88
2.8 -āgō/-āgin- (-ūgō/-ūgin-, -īgō/-īgin-) (> E -ago (rarely -age)/-(a)gin-)......Page 90
2.8.1 -āgō/-āgin-......Page 91
2.8.2 -īgō/-īgin-......Page 92
2.9 Diminutives......Page 94
2.9.1 Diminutives in -ulus (-olus after a vowel), -a, -um (> E -ole/-ule)......Page 96
2.9.2 Diminutives in -culus, -a, -um (> E -cle/-cule)......Page 100
2.9.3 Diminutives in -e/illus, -a, -um (> E -el/-le, -il)......Page 103
3.1 -or ‘condition; state; result of’......Page 107
3.2 -ium (> E -ium/-y/-e [after c, g]): event noun; ‘result of'......Page 109
3.2.2 Preverb-compounded deverbals in -ium......Page 110
3.3 -iō/-iōn- (> E -ion) ‘act or result of'......Page 112
3.4 -men (> E -men/pl. -mina) ‘means, instrument, result’......Page 113
3.5 -men-tum (> E -ment (um)) ‘means, instrument, result’......Page 115
3.5.1 Borrowings into English......Page 116
3.6.1 -bulum/-bula (> E -b(u)lum/-ble)......Page 121
3.6.2 *-bro-/*-bra- (> E -brum/-bra) (Serbat 1975:90–137)......Page 123
3.6.3 *-culo- (> E -culum/-cule/-cle)/*-cro- (> E -crum/-cre)......Page 124
3.6.4 *-tro-/*-tra (> E -trum/-tra/-ter) (Serbat 1975:303–48)......Page 127
3.7 -tor/-sor, fem. -trīx (> E -tor/-sor, fem. -trix/-trice) ‘actor; agent’......Page 128
3.7.1 Deverbal agentive -sor......Page 130
3.7.2 Deverbal agentive -tor......Page 131
3.8 -tiō/-tiōn- and -siō/-siōn- (> E -tion/-sion) ‘event; result’......Page 134
3.8.1 Fifty-one examples with the letter A (Pocket Oxford Latin Dictionary)......Page 136
3.8.2 Chaucerian words in -tion/-sion......Page 137
3.8.3 Other frequent -tion/-sion words......Page 150
3.9 -tūra/-sūra (> E -ture/-sure)......Page 155
3.9.1 -tūra (> E -ture)......Page 156
3.9.2 -sūra (> E -sure)......Page 158
3.10 -(t)us/-sus (> E -t/-s(e)/-tus/-sus) ‘concrete result’......Page 159
4.1.1 -ālis (> E -al) ‘characterized by; pertaining to’......Page 164
4.1.2 -āris (> E -ar)......Page 172
4.2 -īlis (> E -il(e)) ‘relating to; like’......Page 175
4.3 -ā/īlia ‘things connected with’......Page 176
4.4 -ārius/-ārium (> E -ary/-arious/-arium)......Page 177
4.4.1 Nativized -er denominal nouns......Page 179
4.4.2 Adectives in -ary (rarely -ory)......Page 180
4.4.3 Adjectives in -arious and -arian (cf. Marchand 1969:344)......Page 182
4.4.4 Substantivized adjectives......Page 183
4.4.5 Feminine (rarely neuter plural) -āria (> E -ary)......Page 187
4.5.1 -(er)nus (> E -(er)n+al)......Page 188
4.5.2 -(t)ernus (> E -(t)ern/-(t)ern-al)......Page 189
4.6 -ā-nu-s (> E -an/-áne/-ana)......Page 190
4.6.1 English borrowings......Page 191
4.7 -ī-nu-s (> E - ine/rarely -in)......Page 192
4.7.1 Substantives in -īna (> E -ine/-ina)......Page 195
4.8 -(t)i-cu-s (> E -(t)ic) ‘like; typical, characteristic of'......Page 197
4.8.1 English loanwords......Page 198
4.9.1 -eus (> E -eous/-eal, rarely -ean)......Page 199
4.9.2 -āc-eus (> E -aceous/-acean) (LG i § 272.2; Koziol 1972: § 593)......Page 201
4.9.3 -ān-eus (> E -aneous/-anean) (LG i § 272.3; Marchand 1969: 342)......Page 202
4.10 -ōsus (> E -ous/-óse) ‘full of’......Page 203
4.10.2 -ous......Page 204
4.11 -(u/o)lentus (> E -(u/o)lent) ‘prone to; characterized by’......Page 210
4.12 -(ā)tus (> E -(a)te/-ated) ‘provided/furnished with; having; -ed’......Page 212
4.12.1 English borrowings......Page 214
5.1.1 Synchronic status......Page 218
5.1.2 Deradical and/or deverbal formations......Page 223
5.1.3 Deadjectival formations......Page 226
5.1.4 Possible denominal formations......Page 227
5.1.5 Opaque and isolated formations......Page 228
5.2 -āx/-āc- (> E -acious) event magnifier......Page 229
5.2.1 Verb -and (root-)noun-based derivatives......Page 231
5.2.2 Formations with no attested or doubtful verbal base......Page 232
5.3 -ulus, -a, -um (> E -ulous) adjectives of propensity......Page 233
5.3.2 Substantivized constructs......Page 234
5.4 -uus, -a, -um (> E -uous) ‘prone to (be)’......Page 235
5.4.1 Deadjectival and deverbal adjectives in -uous (rarely -ual)......Page 237
5.4.2 Denominal adjectives in -ōsus to fourth declension -u- stems......Page 239
5.5 -(t/s)-īvus, -a, -um (> E -(t/s)ive) ‘having the nature or property of’......Page 240
5.5.1 Deverbal -tive......Page 242
5.5.2 Deverbal -sive......Page 246
5.5.3 Grammatical terms in -ive......Page 248
5.5.4 Denominal -ive formations......Page 251
5.6 -t/s-ōrius, -a, -um (> E -t/sory) ‘connected with an event of’......Page 252
5.6.1 English borrowings......Page 254
5.6.2 Neuter locationals in -t/sōrium (E -t/sorium, -t/sory)......Page 257
5.7.2 -t/s-ilis (> E -t/sile)......Page 260
5.7.3 -(i/ā)-bilis (> E -ible/-able)......Page 262
6.1 Statives in -ē-......Page 270
6.1.1 Successors of Latin -ē- in English......Page 272
6.2 Non-causative changes of state in -sc-......Page 273
6.2.1 Successors of Latin -ē-sc-......Page 274
6.2.2 English -esce- borrowings......Page 275
6.3 Deajectival factitives in -ā- (*-éh[sub(2)]-)......Page 277
6.4.1 Constructs with -facere......Page 280
6.4.2 Derivatives in -(i)-ficāre......Page 282
6.5 Intensives and frequentatives......Page 288
6.5.1 The continuation of Latin frequentatives......Page 290
6.6.1 The suffix -ig-ā-......Page 293
6.6.2 The suffix -īg-ā-......Page 295
6.7 Derivatives in -ic-ā-......Page 297
6.8 Verbs in -er-ā-......Page 298
6.9 Derivatives in -ul-ā-......Page 299
6.10.2 -in-ā-......Page 301
6.11 Derivatives in -cin-ā-......Page 302
6.12 Desideratives in -t/sur-......Page 303
Dictionaries......Page 304
References......Page 309
Indo-European Root Index......Page 335
Greek Index......Page 349
Latin Index......Page 352
A......Page 396
C......Page 399
D......Page 403
E......Page 405
F......Page 406
H......Page 407
I......Page 408
L......Page 410
M......Page 411
N......Page 413
O......Page 414
P......Page 415
R......Page 418
T......Page 420
V......Page 422
W......Page 423
