The essays in this collection examine agrarian transformation in Latin America and the role in this of peasants, with particular reference to Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Central America. Among the issues covered are the impact of globalization and neo-liberal economic policies.
Author(s): Tom Brass
Edition: 1
Year: 2003
Language: English
Pages: 432
Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Introduction Latin American Peasants-New Paradigms for Old?......Page 10
I......Page 11
NEW PARADIGMS, OR THE BLINDING DARKNESS OF LITE......Page 13
Empowering Peasant Agency?......Page 15
II......Page 17
OLD PARADIGMS—PARADIGMS LOST?......Page 18
(Dis-)Empowering Labour Regimes......Page 20
(Dis-)Empowering Rural Agency......Page 22
III......Page 23
THE STATE OF THE PEASANTRY?......Page 24
States of Uncertainty?......Page 26
NOTES......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 43
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
THE STATE IN/OF THEORY......Page 54
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND THE STATE......Page 56
Rural Labour Regimes and the State......Page 57
Agriculture and the 1930s Capitalist Crisis......Page 59
The State, Capitalist Modernization and Agrarian Reform......Page 61
From Neo-liberalism to Neo-mercantilism......Page 62
The Modernity of Peasant Agency......Page 63
Peasant Revolt, the State and Revolution......Page 65
Counter-revolution and the State......Page 67
CONTEMPORARY RURAL MOBILIZATION AND THE STATE......Page 68
CONCLUDING COMMENT......Page 72
NOTES......Page 75
REFERENCES......Page 83
INTRODUCTION......Page 92
The Rise of the Rubber Trade and the Consolidation of the Casa Suarez (1880–1940)......Page 94
The Fragmentation of an ‘Empire’ and the Rise of the First FreeCommunities (1940–85)......Page 96
The Collapse of the Rubber Trade after 1985......Page 97
THE RISE OF THE BRAZIL NUT TRADE......Page 98
Labour Relations during the Rubber Era......Page 100
The Transformation of Labour Relations after 1985......Page 108
Communities and Estates: The Latent Conflict......Page 110
THE 1996 LAND AND FORESTRY LEGISLATION, THE BARRACA DECREE, AND THE ‘THIRD MARCH’......Page 112
Supreme Decree No. 25532......Page 115
Chronicle of a Conflict Foretold......Page 116
A War of Manifestos......Page 117
Marching for ‘Land, Territories and Natural Resources’......Page 119
The Aftermath of the March and the Crisis of the Brazil Nut Trade......Page 120
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 121
GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS......Page 125
NOTES......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 133
INTRODUCTION......Page 138
THE PEASANT ECONOMY IN PERU......Page 140
THE NEO-LIBERAL AGENDA......Page 145
THE IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE......Page 148
PEASANT AGRICULTURE AND RURAL POVERTY......Page 153
WEAKENING THE RURAL ‘VOICE’......Page 155
CONCLUSIONS......Page 159
GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS......Page 160
NOTES......Page 161
REFERENCES......Page 165
Whither O Campesinato? Historical Peasantries of Brazilian Amazonia......Page 168
PEASANT ANTECEDENTS......Page 170
THE INADVERTENT CREATION OF AN AMAZONIAN PEASANTRY......Page 172
WHERE IS THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL PEASANT IN AMAZONIA?......Page 175
Articulation and Penetration......Page 177
Amazonia as ‘Green Hell’......Page 179
Amazonian Peasants: The Discipline of Research Priorities......Page 180
WHAT IS SO INFORMAL ABOUT THE INFORMAL SECTOR?......Page 183
CHAYANOV AND THE ECOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE......Page 185
GLOSSARY......Page 187
NOTES......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 190
LATIN AMERICAN PEASANTS—AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE?......Page 194
PEASANTS IN CHILEAN HISTORY......Page 196
Land Reform and the Peasantry: Internal and External Pressures......Page 197
Military Counter-reform and Neo-liberalism......Page 199
The Agro-export Boom and Agrarian Policy......Page 200
PEASANT DIFFERENTIATION COMPARED......Page 201
Capitalist Restructuring in the Norte Chico......Page 203
Peasant Differentiation in El Palqui......Page 206
Repeasantization in El Palqui......Page 207
Peasant Incorporation in El Palqui......Page 208
Proletarianization in El Palqui......Page 209
Capitalist Restructuring in Maule......Page 210
Peasant Differentiation in East Curico......Page 212
Repeasantization in East Curico......Page 213
Peasant Incorporation in East Curico......Page 214
Semi-proletarianization in East Curico......Page 215
EXPLAINING PEASANT DIFFERENTIATION......Page 217
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 219
ACRONYMS AND VERNACULAR TERMS......Page 222
NOTES......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 227
INTRODUCTION......Page 231
GLOBALIZATION, DECENTRALIZATION AND POPULAR PARTICIPATION......Page 232
Peasant and Nation in Bolivia......Page 233
THE CONTEXT: SANTUARIO DE QUILLACAS......Page 234
The Sevaruyo-Soraga Conflict......Page 236
RURAL GRASSROOTS MOBILIZATION......Page 239
The Conflict Addressed......Page 240
The Voice of the Rural Grassroots?......Page 243
The Conflict Unresolved......Page 246
II......Page 247
LEARNING TO SEE THE PRESENT THROUGH THE PAST......Page 248
THE REINVENTION OF ANDEAN TRADITION......Page 250
Anthropologists Make History......Page 251
A Different History, a History of Difference......Page 254
The Modernity of Tradition......Page 255
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 258
ACRONYMS......Page 261
GLOSSARY (SPANISH/AYMARA)......Page 262
NOTES......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 266
INTRODUCTION......Page 271
Doctor Faustus in Central America......Page 272
FROM CAPITALIST ALIENATION TO SEXUAL DOMINATION......Page 274
Don Cubillo in Costa Rica......Page 275
Alfredo Luna, Agrarian Change and Land Appropriation......Page 277
The Devil and All His Works......Page 280
Sexual Liberty and Male Protection......Page 283
Attraction and Betrayal......Page 285
Heavenly and Earthly Powers Compared......Page 287
CONCLUSION: PEASANT NARRATIVES AND POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 288
NOTES......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 298
INTRODUCTION......Page 300
OPENING THE AGRARIAN FRONTIER......Page 302
Land, Slavery and the State......Page 303
Coffee and the Colonato......Page 304
Sugar after Slavery......Page 307
Rubber Tapping in Amazonia......Page 308
Peasant Agriculture in the South......Page 309
CLOSING THE AGRARIAN FRONTIER......Page 310
Closing the Urban Industrial Safety Valve......Page 311
Land Grabbing and Dispossession in Amazonia......Page 313
Peasants or Workers?......Page 315
RE-OCCUPYING THE AGRARIAN FRONTIER?......Page 317
Agrarian Struggle for Bourgeois Ends?......Page 318
The Emergence of a ‘New’ Rural Subject? Brazil is not Mexico.........Page 320
CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 322
NOTES......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 329
INTRODUCTION......Page 334
I......Page 335
THE QUEST FOR AUTHENTICITY......Page 337
‘Bringing news’......Page 339
Bernays’ Sauce, or Postmodern Food for Thought......Page 341
II......Page 343
Pro-Peasant Ideology and European/North American Conservatism......Page 345
Pro-Peasant Ideology and Latin American Conservatism......Page 348
THE POLITICS OF SUBALTERN RESISTANCE......Page 351
‘The old reserve of curses’......Page 352
National Popular or National Geographic?......Page 354
CONCLUSION......Page 357
NOTES......Page 360
REFERENCES......Page 393
Abstracts......Page 402
Author Index......Page 406
Subject Index......Page 416
