This book is a unique and integrated account of the history of North American vegetation and paleoenvironments over the past 70 million years. It includes discussions of the modern plant communities, causal factors for environmental change, biotic response, and methodologies.
Author(s): Alan Graham
Edition: illustrated edition
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Year: 1999
Language: English
Pages: 372
Contents......Page 8
Outline......Page 10
Audiences......Page 15
References......Page 16
Nomenclature......Page 20
Tundra Formation......Page 24
Coniferous Forest Formation......Page 29
Deciduous Forest Formation......Page 37
Grassland Formation......Page 39
Shrubland/Chaparral–Woodland–Savanna Formation......Page 41
Desert Formation......Page 43
References......Page 46
Notes......Page 48
Climate......Page 49
Plate Tectonics......Page 65
Catastrophes......Page 86
References......Page 93
Notes......Page 106
Global Marine Paleotemperature Curve......Page 107
Global Sea-Level Curve......Page 113
Faunas......Page 119
Geoflora Concept......Page 127
Boreotropics Concept......Page 130
References......Page 131
Notes......Page 135
Paleopalynology (Plant Microfossils)......Page 136
Paleobotany (Plant Megafossils)......Page 143
References......Page 158
Notes......Page 162
Context Summary......Page 163
Vegetation Classification......Page 169
Late Cretaceous Vegetation: Maastrichtian, 70–65 Ma......Page 171
K–T Boundary: 65 Ma......Page 180
Origin and Spread of Deciduousness......Page 182
Paleocene Vegetation: 65–56.5 Ma......Page 183
Early Eocene Vegetation: 56.5–50 Ma......Page 190
Vegetation Summary......Page 196
References......Page 198
Notes......Page 207
Context Summary......Page 208
Middle through Late Eocene Vegetation: 50–35.4(34) Ma......Page 212
Paleoelevation Analysis......Page 228
Oligocene Vegetation: 35.4–23.3 Ma......Page 238
Early Miocene Vegetation: 23.3–16.3 Ma......Page 244
Vegetation Summary......Page 250
References......Page 254
Note......Page 262
Context Summary......Page 263
Vegetation......Page 267
Vegetation Summary......Page 287
References......Page 289
Context Summary......Page 296
Pleistocene and Holocene Vegetation......Page 302
Vegetation Summary......Page 325
Notes and References......Page 329
NINE: Origins of North American Biogeographic Affinities......Page 340
Floristic Affinities between Southwestern United States–Northern Mexico and Mediterranean Region......Page 341
Floristic Affinities between Warm Deserts of Southwestern United States–Northern Mexico and South America......Page 342
Floristic Affinities between Eastern North America and Eastern Asia......Page 343
Floristic Affinities between Eastern North America and Eastern Mexico......Page 346
Emerging Methods in Biogeography......Page 349
Epilogue......Page 353
References......Page 355
Notes......Page 358
A......Page 360
C......Page 361
F......Page 363
K......Page 366
M......Page 367
O......Page 368
P......Page 369
S......Page 370
T......Page 371
Z......Page 372
