Laboratory Safety for Chemistry Students

Preface: To the Students......Page 32
Purpose......Page 36
Scope......Page 37
Unique Approach and Organization......Page 38
How This Book Can Be Used......Page 39
References......Page 41
Acknowledgments......Page 43
Acronyms......Page 46
Chapter 1: Safety Culture......Page 53
1.1.1 The four Principles of Safety......Page 54
1.1.2 What is Green Chemistry?......Page 77
1.2.1 Re-Thinking Safety: Learning from Laboratory Incidents......Page 85
1.2.2 Green Chemistry in the Organic Curriculum......Page 99
1.3.1 Fostering a Safety Culture......Page 109
1.3.2 Employers' Expectations of Safety Skills for New Chemists......Page 116
1.3.3 Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Safety......Page 130
1.3.4 Green Chemistry: The Big Picture......Page 148
1.3.5 Safety Considerations for Chemistry Demonstrations......Page 161
1.3.6 The Teaching Assistant's Role in Laboratory Safety......Page 175
Chapter 2: Preparing for Emergency Response......Page 185
2.1.1 Responding to Laboratory Emergencies......Page 186
2.1.2 Fire Emergencies in Introductory Courses......Page 197
2.1.3 Chemical Spills: On You and in the Laboratory......Page 223
2.1.4 First aid in Chemistry Laboratories......Page 235
2.2.1 Fire Emergencies in Organic and Advanced Courses......Page 248
2.2.2 Chemical Spills: Causes and Prevention......Page 260
2.2.3 Chemical Spills: Containment and Clean-Up......Page 272
2.3.1 Preparing for Emergencies in Research......Page 284
Chapter 3: Understanding and Communicating Laboratory Hazards......Page 296
3.1.1 Routes of Exposures to Hazards......Page 297
3.1.2 Learning the Language of Safety: Signs, Symbols, and Labels......Page 317
3.1.3 Finding Hazard Information: Material Safety Data Sheets, Safety Data Sheets, and the Ghs......Page 341
3.1.4 Information Resources About Laboratory Hazards and Safety......Page 356
3.1.5 Interpreting SDS Information......Page 373
3.3.1 Chemical Hygiene Plans......Page 391
Chapter 4: Recognizing Laboratory Hazards: Toxic Substances and Biological Agents......Page 400
4.1.1 Concepts in Toxicology......Page 401
4.1.2 Measuring Toxicity......Page 424
4.1.3 Acute Toxicity......Page 436
4.2.1 Chronic Toxicity......Page 454
4.3.1 Carcinogens......Page 470
4.3.2 Biological Hazards and Bloodborne Pathogens......Page 485
4.3.3 Hazards of Nanomaterials......Page 501
Chapter 5: Recognizing Laboratory Hazards: Physical Hazards......Page 516
5.1.1 Corrosive Hazards in Introductory Chemistry Laboratories......Page 518
5.1.2 Flammables: Chemicals with Burning Passion......Page 537
5.2.1 Corrosives in Advanced Laboratories......Page 558
5.2.2 The Chemistry of Fire and Explosions......Page 575
5.2.3 Incompatibles: A Clash of Violent Proportions......Page 592
5.3.1 Gas Cylinders and Cryogenic Liquid Tanks......Page 616
5.3.2 Peroxides: Potentially Explosive Hazards......Page 643
5.3.3 Reactive and Unstable Laboratory Chemicals......Page 662
5.3.4 Hazards from Low or High Pressure Systems......Page 688
5.3.5 Electrical Hazards......Page 703
5.3.6 Housekeeping in the Research Laboratory: The Dangers of Messy Labs......Page 714
5.3.7 Non-Ionizing Radiation and Electric and Magnetic Fields......Page 729
5.3.8 An Array of Rays: Ionizing Radiation Hazards in the Laboratory......Page 740
5.3.9 Cryogenic Hazards: A Chilling Experience......Page 761
5.3.10 Runaway Reactions......Page 776
5.3.11 Hazards of Catalysts......Page 788
Chapter 6: Risk Assessment......Page 797
6.1.1 Risk Assessment: Living Safely with Hazards......Page 798
6.1.2 Managing Risk: Making Decisions About Safety......Page 813
6.2.1 Using the GHS to Evaluate Chemical Toxic Hazards......Page 830
6.2.2 Understanding Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)......Page 856
6.3.1 Assessing Chemical Exposure......Page 877
6.3.2 Risk Assessment for New Experiments......Page 892
Chapter 7: Minimizing the Risks from Hazards......Page 904
7.1.1 Laboratory Eye Protection......Page 905
7.1.2 Protecting Your Skin: Clothes, Gloves, and Tools......Page 918
7.1.3 Chemical Hoods in Introductory Laboratories......Page 932
7.2.1 More About Eye and Face Protection......Page 949
7.2.2 Protecting Your Skin in Advanced Laboratories......Page 957
7.2.3 Containment and Ventilation in Advanced Laboratories......Page 971
7.3.1 Safety Measures for Common Laboratory Operations......Page 995
7.3.2 Radiation Safety......Page 1019
7.3.3 Laser Safety......Page 1033
7.3.4 Biosafety Levels (BSLs) and Biological Safety Cabinets......Page 1049
7.3.5 Working in a Hazardous Atmosphere......Page 1073
7.3.6 Safety in the Research Laboratory......Page 1083
7.3.7 Process Safety for Chemical Operations......Page 1095
Chapter 8: Chemical Management: Inspections, Storage, Wastes, and Security......Page 1110
8.1.1 Introduction to Handling Chemical Wastes......Page 1111
8.2.1 Storing Flammable and Corrosives......Page 1121
8.2.2 Handling Hazardous Laboratory Waste......Page 1133
8.3.1 Doing Your Own Safety Inspection......Page 1150
8.3.2 Managing Chemicals in Your Laboratory......Page 1160
8.3.3 Chemical Inventories and Storage......Page 1168
8.3.4 Chemical Security......Page 1185
Appendix A......Page 1197
Index......Page 1206
EULA......Page 1239