Laboratory Applications in Microbiology: A Case Study Approach

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Contents
Preface
ESSENTIAL LABORATORY SKILLS
Case Study Exercise 1 Safety Considerations in the Microbiology Laboratory
CASE STUDY
Community College Acquired Infection with Salmonella Typhimurium—United States, 2017
Laboratory Contracted Plague—Chicago, Illinois, 2009
Laboratory Researcher Dies after Suffering Burns—Los Angeles, California, 2009–2018
Case Study Exercise 2 Microscopy and Measurement of Microscopic Specimens
CASE STUDY
Correspondence between Anton van Leeuwenhoek and the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge
SURVEY OF MICROORGANISMS
Case Study Exercise 3 A Survey of Protists
CASE STUDY
Primary Amebic Encephalitis—Louisiana, 2011
There's More to the Story … Phytoplankton Monitoring Network
Case Study Exercise 4 A Survey of Fungi
CASE STUDY
Histoplasmosis Outbreak among Day Camp Attendees—Nebraska, June 2012
Case Study Exercise 5 A Survey of Parasitic Worms
CASE STUDY
Trichinellosis Caused by Consumption of Wild Boar Meat—Illinois, 2013
Anisakiasis after a Meal of Sushi—Portugal 2017
Case Study Exercise 6 Ubiquity of Microorganisms
CASE STUDY
Engineering Infection Control Through Facility Design Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonasaeruginosa Related to Intensive-Care Room Design—Toronto, 2009
Mucormycosis of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients at an Acute Care Hospital—Pennsylvania, 2015
MANIPULATION, STAINING, AND OBSERVATION OF MICROORGANISMS
Case Study Exercise 7 Aseptic and Pure Culture Techniques
CASE STUDY
Typhoid Fever—Colorado, 2015
Case Study Exercise 8 Simple Staining, Negative Staining, and Gram Staining
CASE STUDY
Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated with Jensen Farms Cantaloupe—United States, 2011–2015
Case Study Exercise 9 Capsular Staining
CASE STUDY
Pneumococcal Sepsis after Autosplenectomy—2005
Case Study Exercise 10 Endospore Staining
CASE STUDY
Inhalation Anthrax Associated with Dried Animal Hides—London, 2008
There's More to the Story … Isolation and Identification of Bacillus
Case Study Exercise 11 Acid-Fast Staining
CASE STUDY
Tattoo-Associated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Skin Infections — New York, 2011–2012
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS
Case Study Exercise 12 Viable Plate Count
CASE STUDY
Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated with Raw Milk Consumption—Utah
Case Study Exercise 13 Cultivation of Anaerobes
CASE STUDY
Large Outbreak of Botulism at a Church Potluck—Ohio, 2015
Case Study Exercise 14 Temperature Effects on Bacterial Growth and Survival
CASE STUDY
Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Associated with Consumption of Oysters—Multiple States, 2004–2013
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection Traced to Blue Point Oysters—Connecticut
Case Study Exercise 15 pH and Microbial Growth
CASE STUDY
Outbreak of Food borne Associated Botulism Associated with Improperly Jarred Pesto—Ohio and California
Case Study Exercise 16 Effects of Osmotic Pressure on Bacterial Growth
CASE STUDY
Vibrio vulnificus Septic Shock Due to a Contaminated Tattoo—Texas, 2017
CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH
Case Study Exercise 17 Lethal Effects of Ultraviolet Light
CASE STUDY
Gastrointestinal Outbreak Traced to Interactive Fountain—New York, March 2006
There's More to the Story … Effects of Environmental UV Exposure on Bacterial Populations
Case Study Exercise 18 Evaluation of Disinfectants
CASE STUDY
Outbreak of Skin Infections on High School Wrestling Team—Michigan, 2013
There's More to the Story … Disk Diffusion Testing of Antimicrobial Chemicals
Case Study Exercise 19 Effectiveness of Hand Scrubbing
CASE STUDY
Puerperal Fever—Vienna, Austria, 1847
There's More to the Story … Tracking Hand Hygeine
Case Study Exercise 20 Antimicrobic Sensitivity Testing: Kirby-Bauer, Tube Dilution, and ETEST® Methods
CASE STUDY
Pan-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae—Washoe County, Nevada, 2016
There's More to the Story … Isolation of Antibiotic Producing Actinomyces
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Case Study Exercise 21 Simulated Epidemic
CASE STUDY
Measles Outbreak—Minnesota, April–May 2017
Case Study Exercise 22 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
CASE STUDY
Social Media Used to Track Outbreaks of Food Poisoning—Chicago, New York, Las Vegas, 2016
There's More to the Story … Using Social Media to Track Disease
MICROBIAL GENETICS
Case Study Exercise 23 Bacterial Transformation
CASE STUDY
Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—Delaware, 2015
Case Study Exercise 24 The Ames Test
CASE STUDY
Zika Virus Update—United States—2017
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Case Study Exercise 25 DNA Extraction from Bacterial Cells
CASE STUDY
IKEA Pulls Meatballs from Shelves after Horsemeat Found—2013
Case Study Exercise 26 DNA Profiling
CASE STUDY
Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Associated with Peanut Butter and Peanut Butter-Containing Products—United States, 2008–2015
Case Study Exercise 27 Blood Typing
CASE STUDY
Transfusion Reaction Leads to Death Due to ABO Incompatibility—Florida, 2008
Case Study Exercise 28 Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Using Latex Agglutination Testing
CASE STUDY
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections Associated with Pain Injections and Reuse of Single-Dose Vials—Arizona, 2012
Case Study Exercise 29 Slide Agglutination
CASE STUDY
Salmonella Outbreak at a Preschool—Getafe, Spain, 2013
Case Study Exercise 30 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
CASE STUDY
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Meningoencephalitis from a Household Rodent Infestation—Minnesota, 2015
Case Study Exercise 31 Biofilm Culture and Examination
CASE STUDY
Mycobacterium abscessus Infections Among Patients of a Pediatric Dentistry Practice—Georgia, 2015, Anaheim, 2017
Case Study Exercise 32 Measures of Water Quality: Most Probable Number Procedure
CASE STUDY
Boil Water Notice—Walker County, Georgia, 2017
Case Study Exercise 33 Measures of Water Quality: Membrane Filtration Method
CASE STUDY
Contamination of AIrcraft Drinking Water—HongKong, 2015
There's More to the Story … Identification of Coliforms
Case Study Exercise 34 Measures of Milk Quality: Methylene Blue Reductase Test
CASE STUDY
Lawmakers Drink Raw Milk to Celebrate Its Legality, Become Immediately Sick—West Virginia, 2016
There's More to the Story … The Science of Yogurt
Case Study Exercise 35 Bacterial Counts of Food
CASE STUDY
Food Poisoning, Several Locations—2012–2015
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Case Study Exercise 36 Isolation and Identification of Staphylococci
CASE STUDY
Tight End Retires after Staph Infection—New York, 2016
Case Study Exercise 37 Isolation and Identification of Streptococci
CASE STUDY
Late-Onset Infant Group B Streptococcus Infection Associated with Maternal Consumption of Dehydrated Placenta—Oregon, 2016
Case Study Exercise 38 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Illness: Differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae
CASE STUDY
Outbreaks of E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella—United States, 2016–2017
Case Study Exercise 39 Differential White Blood Cell Count
CASE STUDY
Two Outbreaks of Trichinellosis Linked to Consumption of Walrus Meat—Alaska, 2016–2017
IDENTIFICATION OF UNKNOWN BACTERIA
Case Study Exercise 40 Identification of Bacterial Unknowns
CASE STUDY
Respiratory Disease Strikes Legionnaires' Convention—Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1976
LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, REAGENTS, AND ASSAYS
Analysis of Bacterial Cultures Based on Morphological Characteristics
Exercise 41 Colony Morphology
Exercise 42 Growth in Solid and Liquid Media
Staining Techniques Used for the Microscopic Examination of Bacteria
Exercise 43 Motility Methods: Wet Mount and Hanging Drop
Exercise 44 Flagella Stain
Techniques for Inoculation of Media
Exercise 45 Streak-Plate Isolation
Exercise 46 Loop Dilution
Exercise 47 Spread-Plate
Commonly Used Differential and Selective Media
Exercise 48 Fluid Thioglycollate Medium
Exercise 49 CHROMagar Orientation Medium
Exercise 50 Mannitol Salt Agar
Exercise 51 MacConkey Agar
Exercise 52 Desoxycholate Agar
Exercise 53 Endo Agar
Exercise 54 Eosin Methylene Blue Agar
Exercise 55 Hektoen Enteric Agar
Exercise 56 Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar
Exercise 57 Blood Agar
Exercise 58 Motility Medium
Exercise 59 SIM Medium
Exercise 60 Kligler's Iron Agar
Exercise 61 Triple Sugar Iron Agar
Exercise 62 Lysine Iron Agar
Exercise 63 Litmus Milk
Commonly Used Biochemical Tests
Exercise 64 Oxidation-Fermentation Test
Exercise 65 Phenol Red Carbohydrate Broth
Exercise 66 Purple Carbohydrate Broth
Exercise 67 Methyl Red and Voges-Proskauer Tests
Exercise 68 Catalase Test
Exercise 69 Oxidase Test
Exercise 70 Nitrate Reduction Test
Exercise 71 Coagulase Test
Exercise 72 Citrate Test
Exercise 73 Malonate Test
Exercise 74 Amino Acid Decarboxylation Test
Exercise 75 Phenylalanine Deaminase Test
Exercise 76 Bile Esculin Test
Exercise 77 Starch Hydrolysis
Exercise 78 ONPG Test
Exercise 79 Urease Test
Exercise 80 Casease Test
Exercise 81 Gelatinase Test
Exercise 82 DNase Test
Exercise 83 Lipase Test
Exercise 84 CAMP Test
Exercise 85 PYR Test
Commercial Identification Systems
Exercise 86 API® 20E System
Exercise 87 EnteroPluri-Test System
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests
Exercise 88 Antibiotic Disc Sensitivity Tests
Exercise 89 ß-Lactamase Test
Quantitative Techniques
Exercise 90 Viable Plate Count
Exercise 91 Direct Cell Count
Appendix A: Spectrophotometric Determination of Bacterial Growth: Use of the Spectrophotometer
Appendix B: Use of Pipettes in the Laboratory
Appendix C: Preparation of Culture Media
Appendix D: Media, Reagents, and Stain Formulas
Glossary
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Index
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