This book describes methods and tools that empower information providers to build and maintain knowledge graphs, including those for manual, semi-automatic, and automatic construction; implementation; and validation and verification of semantic annotations and their integration into knowledge graphs. It also presents lifecycle-based approaches for semi-automatic and automatic curation of these graphs, such as approaches for assessment, error correction, and enrichment of knowledge graphs with other static and dynamic resources.
Chapter 1 defines knowledge graphs, focusing on the impact of various approaches rather than mathematical precision. Chapter 2 details how knowledge graphs are built, implemented, maintained, and deployed. Chapter 3 then introduces relevant application layers that can be built on top of such knowledge graphs, and explains how inference can be used to define views on such graphs, making it a useful resource for open and service-oriented dialog systems. Chapter 4 discusses applications of knowledge graph technologies for e-tourism and use cases for other verticals. Lastly, Chapter 5 provides a summary and sketches directions for future work. The additional appendix introduces an abstract syntax and semantics for domain specifications that are used to adapt schema.org to specific domains and tasks. To illustrate the practical use of the approaches presented, the book discusses several pilots with a focus on conversational interfaces, describing how to exploit knowledge graphs for e-marketing and e-commerce. It is intended for advanced professionals and researchers requiring a brief introduction to knowledge graphs and their implementation.
Author(s): Dieter Fensel, Umutcan Şimşek, Kevin Angele, Elwin Huaman, Elias Kärle, Oleksandra Panasiuk, Ioan Toma, Jürgen Umbrich, Alexander Wahler
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 0
Tags: Knowledge Based Systems
Foreword......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgment......Page 11
Contents......Page 12
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.2 A Conceptual Definition of Knowledge Graphs......Page 15
1.3.1 Open Knowledge Graphs......Page 19
1.3.2 Proprietary Knowledge Graphs......Page 22
2.1 Introduction......Page 24
2.2 Knowledge Creation......Page 26
2.2.1 Knowledge Creation Methodology......Page 27
2.2.2 Our Modelling Language......Page 28
2.2.3.1 Manual Editing......Page 33
2.2.3.3 Mapping......Page 36
2.2.3.4 Automatic Annotation Tools......Page 37
2.2.3.5 Evaluation......Page 41
2.3 Knowledge Hosting......Page 44
2.3.1 Collection, Storage, and Retrieval of Semantic Annotations......Page 45
2.3.2 Collection, Storage, and Retrieval of Knowledge Graphs......Page 47
2.4 Knowledge Curation......Page 48
2.4.1 A Maximal Simple Knowledge Representation Formalism......Page 49
2.4.2.1 Literature......Page 50
2.4.2.2 Task Types......Page 55
2.4.2.3 Methods and Tools......Page 56
2.4.3 Knowledge Cleaning......Page 59
2.4.3.2 Task Types......Page 60
2.4.3.3 Methods and Tools......Page 62
2.4.3.4 Summary......Page 64
2.4.4 Knowledge Enrichment......Page 65
2.4.4.1 Literature......Page 66
2.4.4.3 Methods and Tools......Page 68
2.4.5 Summary on Knowledge Curation......Page 74
2.5 Knowledge Deployment: The Use of the Pudding Is in the Eating......Page 75
3.1 Introduction......Page 82
3.2.1 60 Years of AI in a Glimpse......Page 83
3.2.2 The Web (for Bots)......Page 84
3.3 Knowledge Access Layer......Page 91
3.3.1 Loosely Connected TBoxes Defining Logic-Based Views on Knowledge Graphs......Page 92
3.3.2 Dynamic and Active Data: Semantic Web Services......Page 96
3.4.1 Open Dialog Systems......Page 98
3.4.2 Service-Guided Dialogs......Page 104
3.4.3 Summary......Page 105
4.1 Introduction......Page 107
4.2 The Market......Page 108
4.3 Motivation and Solution......Page 109
4.4 Touristic Use Cases......Page 113
4.5 Energy Use Cases......Page 119
4.6 Further Verticals......Page 122
4.7 Summary......Page 123
Chapter 5: Conclusions......Page 125
A.1 Abstract Syntax and Semantics of Domain Specifications......Page 128
A.1.1 SHACL (As We Adopt)......Page 129
A.1.2.1 Simple Domain Specification (SDS)......Page 130
A.1.3 Abstract Syntax......Page 131
A.1.4 Semantics......Page 137
References......Page 139
Index......Page 154
