Karl Marx on Socialist Theory and Practice: Rethinking Marx’s Theory of Human Emancipation

Preface
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: The Real Man in the Objectified Relationship
1.1 Double Natures and Double Factors
1.1.1 Human Nature and Social Nature
1.1.2 Rational Factors and Irrational Factors
1.1.3 Definition of Different Rational Factors: Rational Factor and Factors for Comprehension
1.2 Extension of Double Relationships
1.2.1 Two Different Objectified Relationships: The Relationship Between Person to Goods, and the Relationship Between Person to Person
1.2.2 Objectification and Alienation of Self-Existence
1.2.3 Preconditions and Necessary Preconditions for Generating Alienated Labor
1.2.4 Alienated Labor and Private Property
1.3 Mutual Restrictions of the Double Relationships
1.3.1 The Essence of Subject and Object of the Right of Private Property
1.3.2 Ways of Forming Private Property Rights
1.3.3 Differentiation of the Possession of the Means of Production and Continued Differentiation of the Possession of Material Wealth
Chapter 2: Concept of Preposition and Analysis on Relevant Issues
2.1 From Abstract Categorization to Specific Realistic Man
2.1.1 Assumption and Transcendence of Species Nature
2.1.2 Egoism, Altruism, and the Existence of Class
2.1.3 Three Meanings of the Classical Description of Historical Materialism and Human Existence
2.2 The Asymmetry of the Double Relationship and the Restrictive Forces of Production
2.2.1 Asymmetry of Double Relationship
2.2.2 The Double Relationship and the Necessary Demands of the Development of Productive Forces
2.2.3 The Dynamic Functions of the Double Relationship in the Transformation of the Relations of Production
2.3 Internal Connection Between Economics and Politics
2.3.1 Legality of the Relations of Production
2.3.2 Economic Rights and Political Rights
2.3.3 Economic Understanding and Political Rationality
2.4 Double Factors of Consciousness and Their Different Functions
2.4.1 Double Factors of Consciousness and Their Synchronous Response in Changed Productive Relations
2.4.2 Functional Performance of Double factors of Consciousness on Different Levels of Social Existence
2.4.3 Double Factors of Consciousness and the Change and Development of Social Relationship
Chapter 3: Marx’s Economic Analysis and Sociological Critique of Capitalism
3.1 Specific Historical Condition and the Materialization of Social Relationship
3.1.1 What Did His Critique on Materialization Target?
3.1.2 Natural Society, Civilized Society and the Hierarchy of Relationship Between Man and Thing
3.1.3 The Factor of Media in Economic Relationship
3.2 Formation of Materialized Relationship and Class Division
3.2.1 The Developing History of the Forms of Property Ownership
3.2.2 The Orientation of Marx Thinking in his Late Years’ Anthropological Studies
3.2.3 Comparison of the Relationship of Man to Thing in Different Historical Stages
3.3 The Form of Exploitation
3.3.1 Forms of Medium: Money, Capital, and Valorization
3.3.2 Capital and the Valorization of Capital
3.3.3 Exploitation and Alienated Labor
3.3.4 Labor Remuneration and Capital Valorization
3.4 Economic Domination Is the Basis of Political Domination, and Political Domination Intensifies Economic Domination
3.4.1 What Is the Meaning of another Explanation?
Chapter 4: The Logic of Marx’s View of Emancipation
4.1 Alienation and Freedom
4.1.1 The Connection and Development of Marx’s Views of Alienation, Humanism, and the New Points of View of History
4.1.2 Different Meanings of “Freedom”: Free Time and Free Development
4.2 The Theory of Overcoming Exploitation
4.2.1 The Progress of Distributive Justice: From Distribution According to Labor to Distribution According to Needs
4.2.2 Analysis of Distributive Justice. What Does “Justice” Mean?
4.2.3 Distributive Justice: From Principle to Social Context
4.3 Marx’s View of Emancipation
4.3.1 Emancipation from Private Ownership
4.3.2 Historical Naturalism, Historical materialism, and the All-Round Development of Human Beings
Chapter 5: Marxian and Non-Marxian Theories: What Is the Demarcation?
5.1 Freedom and Equality: Precondition and Deviation of Exchange (Trade)
5.1.1 Equal principles and Unequal Conditions
5.1.2 Two Kinds of Exchange: Equal Conditions and Unequal Conditions
5.1.3 Freedom as Related to Equality
5.2 Mutual Interest: The Principle of Exchange and its Distortion
5.2.1 Self-Interest and Mutual Benefit in the Two Kinds of Exchange
5.2.2 Self-Interest and Selfish Interest: Different Principles in the Two Kinds of Relations
5.2.3 Individual Interests and Universal Interests: The Different Meaning in Social Relations
5.3 The Concept of Justice and Fairness That Related to Equality and Freedom
5.3.1 Where Is the Difference for the Principle of Justice?
5.3.2 Different Points of View About Fairness
5.3.3 Engels’s Impact on and Interpretation About Marx
Chapter 6: Marxian and Non-Marxian Views on Distributive Justice
6.1 Disagreement About Distributive Justice
6.1.1 Unjust Distribution Disclosed by Marx’s Theory of Surplus Value
6.1.2 The Arguments Among Liberalists on the Meaning of Distributive Justice
6.1.3 Disagreement Between Marx and Nozick and Rawls
6.2 Critical Thinking on the Disagreements
6.2.1 The Key Point of Disagreement
6.2.2 Could We Simplify the Two Kinds of Relationship as a Single One?
6.2.3 The Necessary and Paradox of Contract Principle
6.2.4 Principle, Procedure, and Result
6.3 Correlation of Politics and Economy
6.3.1 Correlation of Politics and Economy: In Principle
6.3.2 Correlation of Politics and Economics: In Rights
Chapter 7: The Concept of Justice in Marx’s Theory
7.1 Marx’s Research Evolving from Philosophy to Critique of Political Economy
7.1.1 Does a Standard (Formal) Dimension Exist in Marx’s Critical Thinking?
7.1.2 Does Marx’s Critique Involve an Abstract Principle of Justice?
7.2 Principle and Context: From Paradox to Transcending
7.2.1 From History to Present: The Possible Route of the Formation of Property Right
7.2.2 From Reality to Theory: Exploiting the Possibility to Prevent Social Division
7.2.3 Lessons from Practice Need to Be Rethinking Of
Chapter 8: Predicament of Distributive Justice in the Socialist System
8.1 Implicit Paradox in the Ontological Sense
8.1.1 Formation of Implicit Paradox and Lack of Efficient Mechanism
8.1.2 Two Ways to Understand the Relation of Individual to Species (Community)
8.2 Explicit Paradox in the Ontological Sense
8.2.1 The Paradox Within the Equal Starting Point With the Principle of Justice and Rational Process
8.2.2 Conversion of the Paradox from Implicit to Explicit
8.3 Regarding Two Principles of Distributive Justice
8.3.1 Positive Correlation Between Remunerative Justice and its Dynamic Mechanisms Driving Social Development
8.3.2 Positive Correlation Between Justice of Equality and Its Dynamic Mechanisms Driving Social Progress
8.3.3 Conflict Between Principles and Actual Contexts, Entanglement Between Theory and Reality
Chapter 9: Premodern, Modern, and Postmodern: What Do Historical Changes Mean to Marx’s Theory?
9.1 The Double Relationship in the Premodern and on the Way of Modernity
9.1.1 Two Definitions of Freedom and the Double Relationship
9.1.2 Two Definitions of Distributive Justice and the Double Relationship
9.1.3 The Equality of Principles and the Differentiation of Rights
9.2 Basic Characteristics of Double Relations in Postmodern: Challenges for Marx’s Theory
9.2.1 The Stepwise “Exit” of Traditional Proletariat
9.2.2 Limitations of Welfare Policy and Regulation of Distributive Principle
9.2.3 Science and Technology, Scientific Management, Information Industry, and Marx’s Labor Theory of Value
9.3 The Logic of the Movement of Capital and the Global Interaction
9.3.1 Transnational Capital and the Widening of Class Division Throughout the World
9.3.2 Transnational Capital and the Reverse Trend of Anti-Globalization
9.3.3 What Will It Bring Out, No Answer Or a New Way?
9.4 Critique or Renovate: How to Deal with the Paradox of the Logic of Capital
9.4.1 From Capital to Capital in the Twenty-First Century
9.4.2 Does the Concept of Human Capital Challenge Marx Labor Theory of Value?
9.4.3 Could the Classification of Income Differences Replace the Tracking of Causation of Inequality?
9.4.4 From Causation to Countermeasures: Piketty Differs from Marx
The End
Index