Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in Their Encounter in Palestine During the Early Hellenistic Period

VOLUME ONE......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 9
Introduction: Terms of Reference......Page 10
1. The Historical Framework: Palestine as a Bone of Contention between Ptolemies and Seleucids......Page 15
2. Graeco-Hellenistic War and the Jews......Page 21
a) The organization of the Ptolemaic administration and the levy of taxes......Page 27
b) The Ptolemaic administration and the Jewish temple state......Page 32
c) Contemporary Jewish views on the power of the state......Page 38
a) Greek influences in the pre-Hellenistic period......Page 41
b) The economic and social situation under Ptolemaic rule......Page 44
c) The economic development of Palestine under the Ptolemies......Page 48
d) The effects on Palestinian Judaism......Page 56
5. Summary: Hellenistic Civilization as a Secular Force in Palestine......Page 64
a) The penetration of the Greek language into Palestine......Page 67
b) The advance of Greek names......Page 70
a) Hellenism as a force in education......Page 74
b) Greek education and culture in Palestine and its influence on Judaism......Page 79
Excursus 1: The development of the Jewish school......Page 87
a) The intellectual influence of Hellenism in non-Jewish Palestine and Phoenicia......Page 92
aa) The anonymous Samaritan......Page 97
bb) The Jewish historian Eupolemus......Page 101
cc) Jason of Gyrene and Palestinian-Jewish history writing......Page 104
Excursus 2: Palestinian-Jewish history writing in the Hellenistic period......Page 108
dd) Greek translations of Jewish writings in Palestine......Page 109
4. Summary: The Judaism of Palestine as 'Hellenistic Judaism'......Page 112
III The Encounter and Conflict between Palestinian Judaism and the Spirit of the Hellenistic Age......Page 116
1. Supposed Greek Influence on the Late Hebrew Literature of the Old Testament Canon......Page 118
2. The Development of Jewish Literature in the Early Hdlenistic Period......Page 119
3. Koheleth and the Beginning of the Crisis in Jewish Religion......Page 124
Excursus 3: Koheleth and Solomon......Page 138
a) The personality of Ben Sira, the form of his work and the political and social situation in Jerusalem......Page 140
b) Ben Sira's controversy with Hellenistic liberalism......Page 147
a) Wisdom as a hypostasis in Prov. 8.22 ff. and Job 28......Page 162
b) Wisdom and the doctrine of creation......Page 165
c) 'Wisdom' in Ben Sira......Page 166
d) The Greek translation of Prov. 8.22-31......Page 171
e) Creation and wisdom in Aristobulus, the first Jewish 'philosopher' in Alexandria......Page 172
f) Wisdom and Torah in Pharisaic and Rabbinic Judaism......Page 178
a) The Hasidim as a Jewish party at the time of the Hellenistic reform......Page 184
b) The first climax of Jewish apocalyptic......Page 189
aa) The universal picture of history in early apocalyptic......Page 190
bb) Resurrection, immortality and judgment......Page 205
cc) Wisdom through revelation......Page 211
Excursus 4: 'Higher wisdom through revelation' as a characteristic of religion in late antiquity......Page 219
a) The theology of early Essenism......Page 227
b) The Teacher of Righteousness and the crisis caused by the Hellenistic reform......Page 233
c) New developments and alien influences in Essene teaching......Page 237
Excursus 5: Secret teaching from primeval times......Page 250
d) The form of the Essene community and the question of Pythagorean influence......Page 252
8. Summary: Palestinian Judaism between the Reception and the Repudiation of Hellenism......Page 256
1. The Jews as Philosophers, according to the Earliest Greek Witnesses......Page 264
2. The Identification of the God of Judaism with Greek Conceptions of God......Page 270
a) The Tobiads and Oniads......Page 276
Excursus 6: Hyrcanus in Transjordania......Page 281
b) The Hellenistic reform in Jerusalem down to the erection of the Acra at the beginning of 167 BC......Page 286
c) The edict of religion, the king and the Jewish apostates......Page 292
d) 'Zeal against the law', the new worship of God and the ideology of apostasy......Page 301
4. Summary: The Reform Attempt, its Failure and the Farreaching Consequences of the Jewish Counter-reaction......Page 312
Summary and Conclusion......Page 319
VOLUME TWO......Page 324
Notes to Introduction......Page 328
Notes to I......Page 330
Notes to II......Page 369
Notes to III......Page 399
Notes to IV......Page 496
Tables I and II......Page 533
Abbreviations......Page 537
(a) Pseudepigrapha and Jewish-Hellenistic literature......Page 543
(b) Qumran texts......Page 544
(c) Rabbinic texts......Page 545
2. Christian Sources......Page 546
3. Graeco-Roman Secular Writers and Collected Editions......Page 547
4. Inscriptions, Papyri, Coins and Other Sources......Page 549
II Dictionaries, Lexica and Composit Works......Page 552
III Secondary Literature......Page 553
I Old Testament......Page 593
II Old Testament Apocrypha......Page 596
III Pseudepigrapha......Page 600
IV Qumran Writings......Page 602
V New Testament......Page 603
VI Rabbinic Writings......Page 604
VII Jewish Hellenistic Writings......Page 606
VIII Graeco-Roman Secular Writing......Page 609
IX Collections of Manuscripts, Papyri, Inscriptions, etc......Page 613
X Early Christian Writings......Page 615
Index of Names and Subjects......Page 616