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Joint Source-Channel Decoding: A Cross-Layer Perspective with Applications in Video Broadcasting

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  • Treats joint source and channel decoding in an integrated way
  • Gives a clear description of the problems in the field together with the mathematical tools for their solution
  • Contains many detailed examples useful for practical applications of the theory to video broadcasting over mobile and wireless networks

Traditionally, cross-layer and joint source-channel coding were seen as incompatible with classically structured networks but recent advances in theory changed this situation. Joint source-channel decoding is now seen as a viable alternative to separate decoding of source and channel codes, if the protocol layers are taken into account. A joint source/protocol/channel approach is thus addressed in this book: all levels of the protocol stack are considered, showing how the information in each layer influences the others.

This book provides the tools to show how cross-layer and joint source-channel coding and decoding are now compatible with present-day mobile and wireless networks, with a particular application to the key area of video transmission to mobiles. Typical applications are broadcasting, or point-to-point delivery of multimedia contents, which are very timely in the context of the current development of mobile services such as audio (MPEG4 AAC) or video (H263, H264) transmission using recent wireless transmission standards (DVH-H, DVB-SH, WiMAX, LTE).

This cross-disciplinary book is ideal for graduate students, researchers, and more generally professionals working either in signal processing for communications or in networking applications, interested in reliable multimedia transmission. This book is also of interest to people involved in cross-layer optimization of mobile networks. Its content may provide them with other points of view on their optimization problem, enlarging the set of tools which they could use.

Pierre Duhamel is director of research at CNRS/ LSS and has previously held research positions at Thomson-CSF, CNET, and ENST, where he was head of the Signal and Image Processing Department. He has served as chairman of the DSP committee and associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing and Signal Processing Letters, as well as acting as a co-chair at MMSP and ICASSP conferences. He was awarded the Grand Prix France Telecom by the French Science Academy in 2000. He is co-author of more than 80 papers in international journals, 250 conference proceedings, and 28 patents.

Michel Kieffer is an assistant professor in signal processing for communications at the Université Paris-Sud and a researcher at the Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. His research interests are in joint source-channel coding and decoding techniques for the reliable transmission of multimedia contents. He serves as associate editor of Signal Processing (Elsevier). He is co-author of more than 90 contributions to journals, conference proceedings, and book chapters.

  • Treats joint source and channel decoding in an integrated way
  • Gives a clear description of the problems in the field together with the mathematical tools for their solution
  • Contains many detailed examples useful for practical applications of the theory to video broadcasting over mobile and wireless networks

Author(s): Pierre Duhamel, Michel Kieffer
Series: Eurasip and Academic Press Series in Signal and Image Processing
Edition: 1
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2010

Language: English
Pages: 325
Tags: Информатика и вычислительная техника;Обработка медиа-данных;Обработка изображений;

Copyright......Page 2
Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 3
1 Introduction: Context......Page 5
The Classical Approach to Multimedia Wireless......Page 7
A New Approach to Multimedia Wireless......Page 8
Example 1: Visiophony Over IP (RNRT VIP)......Page 9
Example 2: Video Broadcasting (CNES SDMB, Alcatel TVMSL)......Page 10
Example 3: Multimedia Multicasting (RNRT DIVINE)......Page 11
Practical JSCC and JSCD......Page 13
System Models and Notation......Page 14
Outline......Page 16
2 Why Joint Source and Channel Decoding?......Page 17
The Situation of Interest......Page 18
Optimum Performance Theoretically Attainable......Page 21
Three Shannon Theorems......Page 23
Simple (Counter) Examples......Page 25
Possible Benefits......Page 26
To Code or Not To Code?......Page 28
Broadcast Channels......Page 29
The Encoder......Page 31
The Decoder......Page 32
Conclusion......Page 34
3 Source-Coding Primer......Page 35
General Structure of Source Coders......Page 36
Structure of Video Coders......Page 37
Source Models......Page 40
Entropy......Page 42
Source Codes......Page 44
Huffman Code......Page 48
Run-Length Codes......Page 50
Arithmetic Code......Page 52
Universal Codes......Page 58
Introduction......Page 60
Uniform Quantizer......Page 62
Distortion-Minimizing Quantizers......Page 63
Vector Quantizers......Page 65
Example: Quantization in H.264/AVC......Page 66
Differential Coding......Page 67
Simple Differential Coding Scheme......Page 69
Differential Coding Scheme with Decoder at the Encoder......Page 70
Example: Motion-Compensated Prediction......Page 71
Example: Intra Prediction......Page 73
Introduction......Page 74
Karhunen–Loève Transform......Page 76
Discrete Cosine Transform......Page 78
Discrete Walsh–Hadamard Transform......Page 79
Example: H.264 Transform Coding......Page 80
Wavelet Transform......Page 82
Subband Quantization and Entropy Coding......Page 85
Packetization of Compressed Data......Page 86
Conclusion......Page 87
4 Identifying Residual Redundancy......Page 88
Definitions and Examples......Page 89
Example of a Residual Redundancy Evaluation......Page 92
Redundancy Due to Mismatched Source Models......Page 94
Definition and Examples......Page 96
Evaluation of the Deterministic Redundancy......Page 100
Syntax of the Code Words......Page 105
Packetization of the Coded Bitstream......Page 108
Semantics of the Source......Page 111
Scale Factors in MPEG 4-AAC......Page 112
Texture Blocks in H.263......Page 115
Conclusion......Page 121
5 Exploiting the Residual Redundancy......Page 122
Element-by-Element Estimators......Page 124
Element-by-Element MAP Estimation Algorithms......Page 126
BCJR Algorithm for Bit-Clock FSMs......Page 127
BCJR Algorithm for Symbol-Clock FSMs......Page 135
Comparison......Page 138
Trellises......Page 139
Viterbi Algorithm for Bit-Clock FSMs......Page 141
Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm......Page 143
Context......Page 147
Decoding Algorithm......Page 149
Simulation Results......Page 150
Possible Extensions......Page 152
6 Toward Practical Implementations......Page 154
State Aggregation......Page 155
Description of the Aggregated Trellis......Page 156
Analysis of Aggregated Trellises......Page 157
Comparison......Page 162
Projected Trellises......Page 163
Projections of Higher-Dimensional Trellises......Page 164
Iterative Processing......Page 168
Introduction......Page 169
Classes and Branch Transition Probabilities......Page 170
Minimum Classification......Page 173
Application......Page 175
Summary......Page 176
Sequential Decoders......Page 178
Metric for Sequential Decoding......Page 179
M-Algorithm......Page 180
Stack Algorithm......Page 181
Getting Soft Estimates from the MA and the SA......Page 182
Objective Adjustment of the Efficiency-Complexity Tradeoff......Page 184
Examples......Page 185
Conclusion......Page 193
7 Protocol Layers......Page 194
Historical Notes......Page 195
Internet......Page 196
Wireless Networks......Page 197
Wireless Networks Architecture......Page 198
The Layers in IEEE 802.11......Page 202
Identifying the Redundancy......Page 209
Redundancy due to the CRCs and Checksums......Page 211
Possible Extensions to Other Standards (WiMAX)......Page 216
Higher Layers......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 218
8 Joint Protocol-Channel Decoding......Page 219
Permeable Layer Mechanism......Page 220
Notations......Page 222
MAP Header Estimator......Page 224
Application to the 802.11 Standard......Page 225
Robust Burst Segmentation......Page 234
Structure of a Burst......Page 235
Estimating the Number of Packets and Their Boundaries......Page 236
BCJR Algorithm for Robust Burst Segmentation......Page 237
WiMAX MAC Burst Segmentation......Page 239
Simulation Results......Page 241
Summary......Page 242
Exact Computation......Page 243
Approximate Computation......Page 246
Discussion......Page 247
9 Joint Cross-Layer Decoding......Page 248
Motivation: The Interplay between CRCs and Redundancy at APL Layer......Page 249
Model of Permeable Protocol Stack......Page 250
Group-Based Sequential Decoding......Page 252
Simulation Results......Page 257
Discussion......Page 260
Iterative Decoding......Page 261
Convergence Issues......Page 263
Situations in Which Iterative Decoding Is of Interest......Page 266
An Example: Video Transmitted on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)......Page 267
Discussion......Page 271
10 Introduction to Joint Source-Channel Coding......Page 272
Index Assignment......Page 274
Generalized Lloyd Algorithm......Page 277
Optimization of the Encoder and Channel Coder......Page 279
Free Distance and Distance Spectra......Page 284
VLEC Codes......Page 288
Error-Correcting Arithmetic Codes......Page 289
Overcomplete Representations......Page 290
Theoretical Limits......Page 291
Practical Implementations......Page 293
Representation Based on Frames......Page 294
Conclusion......Page 295
Joint Source-Channel Decoding......Page 297
Joint Source-Channel Coding......Page 298
Practical......Page 299
Joint Source-Channel Coding/Decoding......Page 300
PHY Packets Format......Page 302
Format of the MAC Packets Associated to the DCF Protocol......Page 303
Format of IP Packets......Page 306
UDP Packets Format......Page 307
RTP Packets Format......Page 308
Bibliography......Page 310
D......Page 322
M......Page 323
S......Page 324
W......Page 325