In this book, case studies highlighting different paradigms are discussed. Some cases pertain to water management by local self governing bodies within the overall institutional framework of the government; others to purely informal community level set-ups and still others to more formal systems set up by local communities in response to their drinking water needs. Each case has some feature which makes it unique and which displays an entirely different aspect of the functioning of such schemes. The one common thread to all the case studies is that they were all successful, although to a greater or lesser extent. In this manner we have tried to identify the various factors that contribute to making a water supply scheme successful.
Author(s): Meeta Rajivlochan, Rajivlochan
Edition: First
Publisher: YASHADA
Year: 2009
Language: English
Commentary: This book is about the success stories in community development and identifies the pitfalls in policies of community empowerment
Pages: 156
City: Pune
Tags: India, JalSwaraj, Community Empowerment, Development
Detailed Table of Contents
List of Tables 9
List of Maps 9
Foreword 12
Plan of this book 14
Methodology 16
CHAPTER 1 18
Managing water: For the people by the people 18
Involving the community 19
Objective of this study 20
The five year plans 21
The example of Tamilnadu 22
Water availability in the 1950s 23
Minimum Needs Programme 24
Breakdowns and problems 25
Trying out compulsory democratisation 27
Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission 28
National Agenda for governance 29
Strong points of community led management 31
Herculean task and bureaucratic solutions 33
Conundrums 34
The state of Maharashtra 35
Legislating the use of water 39
Jal Swaraj: the international initiative 40
CHAPTER 2 46
Government Initiative at Work in the Jalgaon Regional Water Supply Scheme 46
Cost norms and practicalities 46
The institutional context 47
Expenditure on water scarcity 49
Tackling scarcity 51
Zillah Parishad and tariffs 52
Scheme Design 54
Lowering engineering specifications 56
General points re. Scheme design 59
Scheme design and capital costs 60
Operation and maintenance mechanisms 60
The Economics of the Scheme 66
Chapter 3 76
A self reliant community in Ratnagiri 76
Closeness to Mumbai 76
Individual initiative 77
Working Towards a Shared Goal 78
Finding resources 79
Getting the technical details right 85
Contributory labour and slow steps 86
Replicating the Model 86
Contribution from the Agriculture University 88
Learning from others 89
Raising funds 89
Contributing labour 90
Benefactors from Mumbai 91
Creating institutional structures 92
Finances of the schemes 94
Dealing with high electricity and maintenance costs 95
Social homogeneity 98
Religio-moral undercurrent 99
Self reliance 100
Chapter 4 102
Effective financial management in Sangli 102
A water short but prosperous region 103
A service provider created by the people 104
Individual initiatives 106
Making use of government assistance 106
The technical details 107
Setting up a society for management 107
Removing political competition 108
Establishing a reasonable tariff 109
Operations 117
Chapter 5 121
Working on a small scale among the poor in Parbhani 121
Sakartala 122
Social Environment 122
Earlier experience of drinking water management 123
Garnering Support 123
Community management 124
Operation & Maintenance 125
Sanitation and Waste Management 127
Empowering Women 128
Future Tasks 129
Kehadtanda 129
Social Environment 130
The physical infrastructure 130
Community Management 131
Planning the Drinking water supply scheme 133
Operation & Maintenance 134
Sanitation 135
Waste Management 136
Empowering Women 136
Future Plans 137
Conclusion 138
Learning Points 138
Involving stakeholders 139
Communicative Action 140
Enabling features 141
Consensus building 142
Divorcing politics from management 143
Technical expertise 144
Sound scheme design 145
Need for government subsidies 146
An ethical issue 147
Glossary 149
Sources 152
Index 154
Acknowledgements 157
List of Tables
Table 1: Allocation under the Calamity Relief Fund and the National Contingency Calamity Fund for 2001 to 2005 38
Table 2: Expenditure on supplying water to the villages of the 80-village scheme 50
Table 3: Operating staff establishment costs (1997-98) 63
Table 4: Operating Expenses of Jalgaon 80 Village Water Supply Utility 67
Table 5: Operating Revenues of Jalgaon 80 Village Water Supply Utility 68
Table 6: Operating Revenues of Jalgaon 80 Village Water Supply Utility: change over previous year 70
Table 7: Percentage break up of Operating Costs of Jalgaon water supply utility 74
Table 8: Profile of Devke and Chikhalgaon villages in Ratnagiri district 81
Table 9: Rate of self-imposed Water Tax per household in wadi-specific water supply schemes 94
Table 10: Expenditure on the Ganeshwadi-Saiwadi Water Supply Scheme 96
Table 11: Monthly maintenance costs 96
Table 12: Caste composition: Devke and Chikhalgaon 99
Table 13: Pattern of landholding, Devke and Chikhalgaon 99
Table 14: Tax assessment: panchayat wise in the Madgole scheme 111
Table 15: Profile of water supply scheme: wadis consistently in deficit 113
Table 16: Profile of water supply scheme: wadis reporting a surplus in some years 114
Table 17: Ratio of standpost connections and household connections 116
Table 18: Operating Costs of the Madgole Regional Water Supply Society 118
Table 19: Operating Revenues of the Madgole scheme 119
Table 20: Operating Profits of Madgole PWS Taluka Atpadi, Dist Sangli 120
List of Maps
Map 1: India: states 10
Map 2: Maharashtra districts 11
Map 3: Case study locations 15
Map 4 Drought prone region in Maharashtra 36
Map 5: Schematic map of the 80 v scheme 55
