ISO 32000-2:2020 (PDF 2.0)

Foreword
Introduction
0.1 PDF
0.2 ISO 32000 and PDF
0.3 Changes introduced in ISO 32000-2:2017
0.4 Changes introduced in ISO 32000-2:2020
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Notation
4.1 General
4.2 Established notations
5 Version designations
6 Conformance
6.1 General
6.2 Conforming PDF documents
6.3 PDF processors
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Conformance of PDF processors
6.3.2.1 General
6.3.2.2 PDF processors providing rendering
6.3.2.3 Interactive PDF processors
7 Syntax
7.1 General
7.2 Lexical conventions
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Representation
7.2.3 Character set
7.2.4 Comments
7.3 Objects
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Boolean objects
7.3.3 Numeric objects
7.3.4 String objects
7.3.4.1 General
7.3.4.2 Literal strings
7.3.4.3 Hexadecimal strings
7.3.5 Name objects
7.3.6 Array objects
7.3.7 Dictionary objects
7.3.8 Stream objects
7.3.8.1 General
7.3.8.2 Stream extent
7.3.9 Null object
7.3.10 Indirect objects
7.4 Filters
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 ASCIIHexDecode filter
7.4.3 ASCII85Decode filter
7.4.4 LZWDecode and FlateDecode filters
7.4.4.1 General
7.4.4.2 Details of LZW encoding
7.4.4.3 LZWDecode and FlateDecode parameters
7.4.4.4 LZW and Flate predictor functions
7.4.5 RunLengthDecode filter
7.4.6 CCITTFaxDecode filter
7.4.7 JBIG2Decode filter
7.4.8 DCTDecode filter
7.4.9 JPXDecode filter
7.4.10 Crypt filter
7.5 File structure
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 File header
7.5.3 File body
7.5.4 Cross-reference table
7.5.5 File trailer
7.5.6 Incremental updates
7.5.7 Object streams
7.5.8 Cross-reference streams
7.5.8.1 General
7.5.8.2 Cross-reference stream dictionary
7.5.8.3 Cross-reference stream data
7.5.8.4 Compatibility with applications that do not support compressed reference streams
7.6 Encryption
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Application of encryption
7.6.3 General encryption algorithm
7.6.3.1 General
7.6.3.2 Algorithm 1: Encryption of data using the RC4 or AES algorithms
7.6.3.3 Algorithm 1.A: Encryption of data using the AES algorithms
7.6.4 Standard security handler
7.6.4.1 General
7.6.4.2 Standard encryption dictionary
7.6.4.3 File encryption key algorithm
7.6.4.3.1 General
7.6.4.3.2 Algorithm 2: Computing a file encryption key in order to encrypt a document (revision 4 and earlier)
7.6.4.3.3 Algorithm 2.A: Retrieving the file encryption key from an encrypted document in order to decrypt it (revision 6 and later)
7.6.4.3.4 Algorithm 2.B: Computing a hash (revision 6 and later)
7.6.4.4 Password algorithms
7.6.4.4.1 General
7.6.4.4.2 Algorithm 3: Computing the encryption dictionary’s O-entry value (revision 4 and earlier)
7.6.4.4.3 Algorithm 4: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U-entry value (Security handlers of revision 2)
7.6.4.4.4 Algorithm 5: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U (user password) value (Security handlers of revision 3 or 4)
7.6.4.4.5 Algorithm 6: Authenticating the user password (Security handlers of revision 4 and earlier)
7.6.4.4.6 Algorithm 7: Authenticating the owner password (Security handlers of revision 4 and earlier)
7.6.4.4.7 Algorithm 8: Computing the encryption dictionary’s U (user password) and UE (user encryption) values (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.4.4.8 Algorithm 9: Computing the encryption dictionary’s O (owner password) and OE (owner encryption) values (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.4.4.9 Algorithm 10: Computing the encryption dictionary’s Perms (permissions) value (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.4.4.10 Algorithm 11: Authenticating the user password (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.4.4.11 Algorithm 12: Authenticating the owner password (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.4.4.12 Algorithm 13: Validating the permissions (Security handlers of revision 6)
7.6.5 Public-key security handlers
7.6.5.1 General
7.6.5.2 Public-key encryption dictionary
7.6.5.3 Public-key encryption algorithms
7.6.6 Crypt filters
7.6.7 Unencrypted wrapper document
7.7 Document structure
7.7.1 General
7.7.2 Document catalog dictionary
7.7.3 Page tree
7.7.3.1 General
7.7.3.2 Page tree nodes
7.7.3.3 Page objects
7.7.3.4 Inheritance of page attributes
7.7.4 Name dictionary
7.8 Content streams and resources
7.8.1 General
7.8.2 Content streams
7.8.3 Resource dictionaries
7.9 Common data structures
7.9.1 General
7.9.2 String object types
7.9.2.1 General
7.9.2.2 Text string type
7.9.2.2.1 General
7.9.2.2.2 Text string language escape sequences
7.9.2.3 PDFDocEncoded string type
7.9.2.4 Byte string type
7.9.3 Text streams
7.9.4 Dates
7.9.5 Rectangles
7.9.6 Name trees
7.9.7 Number trees
7.10 Functions
7.10.1 General
7.10.2 Type 0 (sampled) functions
7.10.3 Type 2 (exponential interpolation) functions
7.10.4 Type 3 (stitching) functions
7.10.5 Type 4 (PostScript calculator) functions
7.10.5.1 General
7.10.5.2 Operators and operands
7.10.5.3 Type 4 function dictionary
7.11 File specifications
7.11.1 General
7.11.2 File specification strings
7.11.2.1 General
7.11.2.2 Absolute and relative file specifications
7.11.3 File specification dictionaries
7.11.4 Embedded file streams
7.11.4.1 General
7.11.4.2 Related files arrays
7.11.5 URL specifications
7.11.6 Collection items
7.12 Extensions dictionary
7.12.1 General
7.12.2 Extensions dictionary
7.12.3 Developer extensions dictionary
7.12.4 BaseVersion
7.12.5 ExtensionLevel
7.12.6 URL
8 Graphics
8.1 General
8.2 Graphics objects
8.3 Coordinate systems
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Coordinate spaces
8.3.2.1 General
8.3.2.2 Device space
8.3.2.3 User space
8.3.2.4 Other coordinate spaces
8.3.2.5 Relationships among coordinate spaces
8.3.3 Common transformations
8.3.4 Transformation matrices
8.4 Graphics state
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Graphics state stack
8.4.3 Details of graphics state parameters
8.4.3.1 General
8.4.3.2 Line width
8.4.3.3 Line cap style
8.4.3.4 Line join style
8.4.3.5 Miter limit
8.4.3.6 Line dash pattern
8.4.4 Graphics state operators
8.4.5 Graphics state parameter dictionaries
8.5 Path construction and painting
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Path construction operators
8.5.2.1 General
8.5.2.2 Cubic Bézier curves
8.5.3 Path-painting operators
8.5.3.1 General
8.5.3.2 Stroking
8.5.3.3 Filling
8.5.3.3.1 General
8.5.3.3.2 Non-zero winding number rule
8.5.3.3.3 Even-odd rule
8.5.4 Clipping path operators
8.6 Colour spaces
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Colour values
8.6.3 Colour space families
8.6.4 Device colour spaces
8.6.4.1 General
8.6.4.2 DeviceGray colour space
8.6.4.3 DeviceRGB colour space
8.6.4.4 DeviceCMYK colour space
8.6.5 CIE-Based colour spaces
8.6.5.1 General
8.6.5.2 CalGray colour spaces
8.6.5.3 CalRGB colour spaces
8.6.5.4 Lab colour spaces
8.6.5.5 ICCBased colour spaces
8.6.5.6 Default colour spaces
8.6.5.7 Implicit conversion of CIE-Based colour spaces
8.6.5.8 Rendering intents
8.6.5.9 Use of black point compensation
8.6.6 Special colour spaces
8.6.6.1 General
8.6.6.2 Pattern colour spaces
8.6.6.3 Indexed colour spaces
8.6.6.4 Separation colour spaces
8.6.6.5 DeviceN colour spaces
8.6.6.6 Multitone examples
8.6.7 Overprint control
8.6.8 Colour operators
8.7 Patterns
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 General properties of patterns
8.7.3 Tiling patterns
8.7.3.1 General
8.7.3.2 Coloured tiling patterns
8.7.3.3 Uncoloured tiling patterns
8.7.4 Shading patterns
8.7.4.1 General
8.7.4.2 Shading operator
8.7.4.3 Shading dictionaries
8.7.4.4 Colour space: special considerations
8.7.4.5 Shading types
8.7.4.5.1 General
8.7.4.5.2 Type 1 (function-based) shadings
8.7.4.5.3 Type 2 (axial) shadings
8.7.4.5.4 Type 3 (radial) shadings
8.7.4.5.5 Type 4 (free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh) shadings
8.7.4.5.6 Type 5 (lattice-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh) shadings
8.7.4.5.7 Type 6 (Coons patch mesh) shadings
8.7.4.5.8 Type 7 (tensor-product patch mesh) shadings
8.8 External objects
8.8.1 General
8.9 Images
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Image parameters
8.9.3 Sample representation
8.9.4 Image coordinate system
8.9.5 Image dictionaries
8.9.5.1 General
8.9.5.2 Decode arrays
8.9.5.3 Image interpolation
8.9.5.4 Alternate images
8.9.6 Masked images
8.9.6.1 General
8.9.6.2 Stencil masking
8.9.6.3 Explicit masking
8.9.6.4 Colour key masking
8.9.7 Inline images
8.10 Form XObjects
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Form dictionaries
8.10.3 Group XObjects
8.10.4 Reference XObjects
8.10.4.1 General
8.10.4.2 Printing reference XObjects
8.10.4.3 Special considerations
8.11 Optional content
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Optional content groups
8.11.2.1 General
8.11.2.2 Optional content membership dictionaries
8.11.2.3 Intent
8.11.3 Making graphical content optional
8.11.3.1 General
8.11.3.2 Optional content in content streams
8.11.3.3 Optional content in XObjects and annotations
8.11.4 Configuring optional content
8.11.4.1 General
8.11.4.2 Optional content properties dictionary
8.11.4.3 Optional content configuration dictionaries
8.11.4.4 Usage and usage application dictionaries
8.11.4.5 Determining the state of optional content groups
9 Text
9.1 General
9.2 Organisation and use of fonts
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Basics of showing text
9.2.3 Achieving special graphical effects
9.2.4 Glyph positioning and metrics
9.3 Text state parameters and operators
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Character spacing
9.3.3 Word spacing
9.3.4 Horizontal scaling
9.3.5 Leading
9.3.6 Text rendering mode
9.3.7 Text rise
9.3.8 Text knockout
9.4 Text objects
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Text-positioning operators
9.4.3 Text-showing operators
9.4.4 Text space details
9.5 Introduction to font data structures
9.6 Simple fonts
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Type 1 fonts
9.6.2.1 General
9.6.2.2 Standard Type 1 fonts (standard 14 fonts) (PDF 1.0-1.7)
9.6.2.3 Multiple master fonts
9.6.3 TrueType fonts
9.6.4 Type 3 fonts
9.6.5 Character encoding
9.6.5.1 General
9.6.5.2 Encodings for Type 1 fonts
9.6.5.3 Encodings for Type 3 fonts
9.6.5.4 Encodings for TrueType fonts
9.7 Composite fonts
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 CID-Keyed fonts overview
9.7.3 CIDSystemInfo dictionaries
9.7.4 CIDFonts
9.7.4.1 General
9.7.4.2 Glyph selection in CIDFonts
9.7.4.3 Glyph metrics in CIDFonts
9.7.5 CMaps
9.7.5.1 General
9.7.5.2 Predefined CMaps
9.7.5.3 Embedded CMap files
9.7.5.4 CMap example and operator summary
9.7.6 Type 0 font dictionaries
9.7.6.1 General
9.7.6.2 CMap mapping
9.7.6.3 Handling undefined characters
9.8 Font descriptors
9.8.1 General
9.8.2 Font descriptor flags
9.8.3 Font descriptors for CIDFonts
9.8.3.1 General
9.8.3.2 Style
9.8.3.3 FD
9.9 Embedded font programs
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Font subsets
9.10 Extraction of text content
9.10.1 General
9.10.2 Mapping character codes to Unicode values
9.10.3 ToUnicode CMaps
10 Rendering
10.1 General
10.2 Raster output device native colour
10.3 CIE-Based colour to device colour
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Establishing CIE-based colour space definitions
10.4 Conversions among device colour spaces
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Classic colour conversion methods
10.4.2.1 General
10.4.2.2 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceRGB
10.4.2.3 Conversion between DeviceGray and DeviceCMYK
10.4.2.4 Conversion from DeviceRGB to DeviceCMYK
10.4.2.5 Conversion from DeviceCMYK to DeviceRGB
10.5 Transfer functions
10.6 Halftones
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Halftone screens
10.6.3 Spot functions
10.6.4 Threshold arrays
10.6.5 Halftone dictionaries
10.6.5.1 General
10.6.5.2 Type 1 halftones
10.6.5.3 Type 6 halftones
10.6.5.4 Type 10 halftones
10.6.5.5 Type 16 halftones
10.6.5.6 Type 5 halftones
10.7 Scan conversion details
10.7.1 General
10.7.2 Flatness tolerance
10.7.3 Smoothness tolerance
10.7.4 Scan conversion rules
10.7.5 Automatic stroke adjustment
10.8 Rendering for separations
10.8.1 General
10.8.2 Separations
10.8.3 Separation simulation
11 Transparency
11.1 General
11.2 Overview of transparency
11.3 Basic compositing computations
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Basic notation for compositing computations
11.3.3 Basic compositing formula
11.3.4 Blending colour space
11.3.5 Blend mode
11.3.5.1 General
11.3.5.2 Separable blend modes
11.3.5.3 Non-separable blend modes
11.3.6 Interpretation of alpha
11.3.7 Shape and opacity computations
11.3.7.1 General
11.3.7.2 Source shape and opacity
11.3.7.3 Result shape and opacity
11.3.8 Summary of basic compositing computations
11.4 Transparency groups
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Notation for group compositing computations
11.4.3 Group structure and nomenclature
11.4.4 Group compositing computations
11.4.5 Isolated groups
11.4.6 Knockout groups
11.4.7 Page group
11.4.8 Summary of group compositing computations
11.5 Soft masks
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Deriving a soft mask from group alpha
11.5.3 Deriving a soft mask from group luminosity
11.6 Specifying transparency in PDF
11.6.1 General
11.6.2 Specifying source and backdrop colours
11.6.3 Specifying blending colour space and blend mode
11.6.4 Specifying shape and opacity
11.6.4.1 General
11.6.4.2 Object shape and opacity
11.6.4.3 Mask shape and opacity
11.6.4.4 Constant shape and opacity
11.6.5 Specifying soft masks
11.6.5.1 Soft-mask dictionaries
11.6.5.2 Soft-mask images
11.6.6 Transparency group XObjects
11.6.7 Patterns and transparency
11.7 Colour space and rendering issues
11.7.1 General
11.7.2 Colour spaces for transparency groups
11.7.3 Spot colours and transparency
11.7.4 Overprinting and transparency
11.7.4.1 General
11.7.4.2 Blend modes and overprinting
11.7.4.3 Compatibility with opaque overprinting
11.7.4.4 Special path-painting considerations
11.7.4.5 Summary of overprinting behavior
11.7.5 Rendering parameters and transparency
11.7.5.1 General
11.7.5.2 Halftone and transfer function
11.7.5.3 Rendering intent, black point compensation and colour conversions
12 Interactive features
12.1 General
12.2 Viewer preferences
12.3 Document-level navigation
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Destinations
12.3.2.1 General
12.3.2.2 Explicit destinations
12.3.2.3 Structure destinations
12.3.2.4 Named destinations
12.3.3 Document outline
12.3.4 Thumbnail images
12.3.5 Collections
12.3.5.1 General
12.3.5.2 Collection hierarchical folders
12.3.6 Navigators
12.4 Page-level navigation
12.4.1 General
12.4.2 Page labels
12.4.3 Articles
12.4.4 Presentations
12.4.4.1 General
12.4.4.2 Sub-page navigation
12.5 Annotations
12.5.1 General
12.5.2 Annotation dictionaries
12.5.3 Annotation flags
12.5.4 Border styles
12.5.5 Appearance streams
12.5.6 Annotation types
12.5.6.1 General
12.5.6.2 Markup annotations
12.5.6.3 Annotation states
12.5.6.4 Text annotations
12.5.6.5 Link annotations
12.5.6.6 Free text annotations
12.5.6.7 Line annotations
12.5.6.8 Square and circle annotations
12.5.6.9 Polygon and polyline annotations
12.5.6.10 Text markup annotations
12.5.6.11 Caret annotations
12.5.6.12 Rubber stamp annotations
12.5.6.13 Ink annotations
12.5.6.14 Popup annotations
12.5.6.15 File attachment annotations
12.5.6.16 Sound annotations
12.5.6.17 Movie annotations
12.5.6.18 Screen annotations
12.5.6.19 Widget annotations
12.5.6.20 Printer’s mark annotations
12.5.6.21 Trap network annotations
12.5.6.22 Watermark annotations
12.5.6.23 Redaction annotations
12.5.6.24 Projection annotations
12.5.6.25 3D and RichMedia annotations
12.6 Actions
12.6.1 General
12.6.2 Action dictionaries
12.6.3 Trigger events
12.6.4 Action types
12.6.4.1 General
12.6.4.2 Go-To actions
12.6.4.3 Remote Go-To actions
12.6.4.4 Embedded Go-To actions
12.6.4.5 GoToDp action
12.6.4.6 Launch actions
12.6.4.7 Thread actions
12.6.4.8 URI actions
12.6.4.9 Sound actions
12.6.4.10 Movie actions
12.6.4.11 Hide actions
12.6.4.12 Named actions
12.6.4.13 Set-OCG-state actions
12.6.4.14 Rendition actions
12.6.4.15 Transition actions
12.6.4.16 Go-To-3D-View actions
12.6.4.17 ECMAScript actions
12.6.4.18 Rich-Media-Execute actions
12.7 Forms
12.7.1 General
12.7.2 Interactive Forms
12.7.3 Interactive form dictionary
12.7.4 Field dictionaries
12.7.4.1 General
12.7.4.2 Field names
12.7.4.3 Variable text
12.7.5 Field types
12.7.5.1 General
12.7.5.2 Button fields
12.7.5.2.1 General
12.7.5.2.2 Push-buttons
12.7.5.2.3 Check boxes
12.7.5.2.4 Radio buttons
12.7.5.3 Text fields
12.7.5.4 Choice fields
12.7.5.5 Signature fields
12.7.6 Form actions
12.7.6.1 General
12.7.6.2 Submit-form action
12.7.6.3 Reset-form action
12.7.6.4 Import-data action
12.7.7 Named pages
12.7.8 Forms data format
12.7.8.1 General
12.7.8.2 FDF file structure
12.7.8.2.1 General
12.7.8.2.2 FDF header
12.7.8.2.3 FDF body
12.7.8.2.4 FDF trailer
12.7.8.3 FDF catalog
12.7.8.3.1 General
12.7.8.3.2 FDF fields
12.7.8.3.3 FDF pages
12.7.8.3.4 FDF annotation dictionaries
12.7.9 Non-interactive forms
12.8 Digital signatures
12.8.1 General
12.8.2 Transform methods
12.8.2.1 General
12.8.2.2 DocMDP
12.8.2.2.1 General
12.8.2.2.2 Validating signatures that use the DocMDP transform method
12.8.2.3 UR
12.8.2.4 FieldMDP
12.8.3 Signature interoperability
12.8.3.1 General
12.8.3.2 PKCS #1 signatures
12.8.3.3 CMS (PKCS #7) signatures
12.8.3.3.1 General
12.8.3.3.2 Revocation of CMS-based signatures
12.8.3.4 CAdES signatures as used in PDF
12.8.3.4.1 General
12.8.3.4.2 Signature dictionary for PAdES signatures
12.8.3.4.3 Attributes for PAdES signatures
12.8.3.4.4 Profiles of ETSI.CAdES.detached
12.8.3.4.5 Requirements for validation of PAdES signatures
12.8.3.4.6 Signature revocation checking model for PAdES signatures
12.8.3.4.7 Revocation checking PAdES signatures at the current time
12.8.3.4.8 Revocation checking PAdES signatures at a time in the past
12.8.4 Long term validation of signatures
12.8.4.1 General
12.8.4.2 Introduction to the document security store (DSS)
12.8.4.3 Document Security Store (DSS)
12.8.4.4 Validation-related information (VRI)
12.8.4.5 Usage of the DSS VRI
12.8.5 Document timestamp (DTS) dictionary
12.8.5.1 General
12.8.5.2 Initial document timestamp dictionary
12.8.5.3 Subsequent document timestamp dictionaries
12.8.6 Permissions
12.8.7 Legal content attestations
12.9 Measurement properties
12.9.1 General
12.9.2 Algorithm: Use of a number format array to create a formatted text string
12.10 Geospatial features
12.10.1 General
12.10.2 Geospatial measure dictionary
12.10.3 Geographic coordinate system dictionary
12.10.4 Projected coordinate system dictionary
12.10.5 Point data dictionary
12.11 Document requirements
12.11.1 General
12.11.2 Requirement types
12.11.3 Requirement penalty values
12.11.4 Requirement versions
12.11.5 Requirement handlers
12.11.6 Requirements processing
13 Multimedia features
13.1 General
13.2 Multimedia
13.2.1 General
13.2.2 Viability
13.2.3 Renditions
13.2.3.1 General
13.2.3.2 Media renditions
13.2.3.3 Selector renditions
13.2.4 Media clip objects
13.2.4.1 General
13.2.4.2 Media clip data
13.2.4.3 Media clip section
13.2.5 Media play parameters
13.2.6 Media screen parameters
13.2.6.1 General
13.2.6.2 Media offset dictionary
13.2.6.3 Timespan dictionary
13.2.7 Other multimedia objects
13.2.7.1 General
13.2.7.2 Media players dictionary
13.2.7.2.1 General
13.2.7.2.2 Algorithm: Media Player
13.2.7.3 Media player info dictionary
13.2.7.4 Software identifier dictionary
13.2.7.4.1 General
13.2.7.4.2 Algorithm: software identifier
13.2.7.4.3 Software URIs
13.2.7.4.4 Version arrays
13.2.7.5 Monitor specifier
13.3 Sounds
13.4 Movies
13.5 Alternate presentations
13.6 3D Artwork
13.6.1 General
13.6.2 3D annotations
13.6.3 3D streams
13.6.3.1 General
13.6.3.2 3D animation style dictionaries
13.6.3.3 3D reference dictionaries
13.6.4 3D views
13.6.4.1 General
13.6.4.2 Projection dictionaries
13.6.4.3 3D background dictionaries
13.6.4.4 3D render mode dictionaries
13.6.4.5 3D lighting scheme dictionaries
13.6.4.6 3D cross section dictionaries
13.6.4.7 3D node dictionaries
13.6.5 Coordinate systems for 3D
13.6.6 3D markup
13.6.7 Persistence of 3D measurements and markups
13.6.7.1 General
13.6.7.2 The 3D units dictionary
13.6.7.3 3D measurement/markup dictionary
13.6.7.3.1 General
13.6.7.3.2 3D linear dimension measurement
13.6.7.3.3 3D perpendicular dimension measurement
13.6.7.3.4 3D angular dimension measurement
13.6.7.3.5 3D radial dimension
13.6.7.3.6 3D comment note
13.6.7.4 3D measurements and projection annotations
13.7 Rich media
13.7.1 General
13.7.2 RichMedia annotations
13.7.2.1 General
13.7.2.2 RichMediaSettings dictionary
13.7.2.2.1 General
13.7.2.2.2 RichMediaActivation dictionary
13.7.2.2.3 RichMediaDeactivation dictionary
13.7.2.2.4 RichMediaAnimation dictionary
13.7.2.2.5 RichMediaPresentation dictionary
13.7.2.2.6 RichMediaWindow dictionary
13.7.2.3 RichMediaContent dictionary
13.7.2.3.1 General
13.7.2.3.2 The assets name tree
13.7.2.3.3 RichMediaConfiguration dictionary
13.7.2.3.4 RichMediaInstance dictionary
13.7.2.3.5 View dictionary
13.7.2.3.6 View params dictionary
13.7.2.3.6.1 General
13.7.2.3.6.2 Saving state data
13.7.2.3.6.3 Loading state data
14 Document interchange
14.1 General
14.2 Procedure sets
14.3 Metadata
14.3.1 General
14.3.2 Metadata streams
14.3.3 Document information dictionary
14.3.4 Reconciling two sources of document metadata
14.4 File identifiers
14.5 Page-piece dictionaries
14.6 Marked content
14.6.1 General
14.6.2 Property lists
14.7 Logical structure
14.7.1 General
14.7.2 Structure hierarchy
14.7.3 Structure types
14.7.4 Namespaces
14.7.4.1 General
14.7.4.2 Namespace dictionary
14.7.5 Structure content
14.7.5.1 General
14.7.5.1.1 Content items
14.7.5.2 Marked-content sequences as content items
14.7.5.3 PDF objects as content items
14.7.5.4 Finding structure elements from content items
14.7.6 Structure attributes
14.7.6.1 General
14.7.6.2 Attribute classes
14.7.6.3 Attribute revision numbers
14.7.6.4 User properties
14.7.7 Example of logical structure
14.8 Tagged PDF
14.8.1 General
14.8.2 Tagged PDF and page content
14.8.2.1 General
14.8.2.2 Real content and Artifacts
14.8.2.2.1 General
14.8.2.2.2 Specification of Artifacts
14.8.2.3 Soft hyphens
14.8.2.4 Hidden or invisible page content
14.8.2.5 Page content order and logical content order
14.8.2.5.1 General
14.8.2.5.2 Sequencing of annotations
14.8.2.5.3 Reverse-order show strings
14.8.2.6 Unicode mapping in tagged PDF
14.8.2.6.1 General
14.8.2.6.2 Identifying word breaks
14.8.3 Basic layout model
14.8.3.1 General
14.8.3.2 Reference area
14.8.3.3 Progression direction
14.8.4 Standard structure types
14.8.4.1 General
14.8.4.2 Nesting of standard structure elements
14.8.4.3 Document level structure types
14.8.4.4 Grouping level structure types
14.8.4.5 Block level structure types
14.8.4.6 Sub-block level structure type
14.8.4.7 Inline level structure types
14.8.4.7.1 General
14.8.4.7.2 General inline level structure types
14.8.4.7.3 Ruby and warichu elements
14.8.4.8 Other structure types
14.8.4.8.1 General
14.8.4.8.2 Standard structure types for lists
14.8.4.8.3 Table structure types
14.8.4.8.4 Caption structure type
14.8.4.8.5 Figure structure type
14.8.4.8.6 Formula structure type
14.8.4.8.7 Artifact structure type
14.8.5 Standard structure attributes
14.8.5.1 General
14.8.5.2 Standard attribute owners
14.8.5.3 Attribute values and inheritance
14.8.5.4 Layout attributes
14.8.5.4.1 General
14.8.5.4.2 General layout attributes
14.8.5.4.3 Layout Attributes for BLSEs
14.8.5.4.4 Layout Attributes for ILSEs
14.8.5.4.5 Content and allocation rectangles
14.8.5.4.6 Figure, Form and Formula attributes
14.8.5.4.7 Column attributes
14.8.5.5 List attributes
14.8.5.6 PrintField attributes
14.8.5.7 Table attributes
14.8.5.8 Artifact attributes
14.8.6 Standard structure namespaces
14.8.6.1 Namespaces for standard structure types and attributes
14.8.6.2 Role maps and namespaces
14.8.6.3 Other namespaces
14.9 Repurposing and accessibility support
14.9.1 General
14.9.2 Natural language specification
14.9.2.1 General
14.9.2.2 Language identifiers
14.9.2.3 Language specification hierarchy
14.9.2.4 Multi-language text arrays
14.9.3 Alternate descriptions
14.9.4 Replacement text
14.9.5 Expansion of abbreviations and acronyms
14.9.6 Pronunciation hints
14.10 Web capture
14.10.1 General
14.10.2 Web capture information dictionary
14.10.3 Content database
14.10.3.1 General
14.10.3.2 URL strings
14.10.3.3 Digital identifiers
14.10.3.4 Unique name generation
14.10.4 Content sets
14.10.4.1 General
14.10.4.2 Page sets
14.10.4.3 Image sets
14.10.5 Source information
14.10.5.1 General
14.10.5.2 URL alias dictionaries
14.10.5.3 Command dictionaries
14.10.5.4 Command settings
14.10.6 Object attributes related to web capture
14.11 Prepress support
14.11.1 General
14.11.2 Page boundaries
14.11.2.1 General
14.11.2.2 Display of page boundaries
14.11.3 Printer’s marks
14.11.4 Separation dictionaries
14.11.5 Output intents
14.11.6 Trapping support
14.11.6.1 General
14.11.6.2 Trap network annotations
14.11.6.3 Trap network appearances
14.11.7 Open prepress interface (OPI)
14.12 Document parts
14.12.1 General
14.12.2 DPart tree structure
14.12.3 Connecting the DPart tree structure to pages
14.12.4 Data structures
14.12.4.1 General
14.12.4.2 Document part metadata
14.13 Associated files
14.13.1 General
14.13.2 Embedded associated files
14.13.3 Associated files linked to the PDF document’s catalog
14.13.4 Associated files linked to a page dictionary
14.13.5 Associated files linked to graphics objects
14.13.6 Associated files linked to structure elements
14.13.7 Associated files linked to XObjects
14.13.8 Associated files linked to DParts
14.13.9 Associated files linked to an annotation dictionary
14.13.10 Associated file examples
Annex A (informative) Operator Summary
A.1 General
A.2 PDF content stream operators
Annex B (informative) Operators in Type 4 Functions
B.1 General
B.2 Arithmetic operators
B.3 Relational, boolean, and bitwise operators
B.4 Conditional operators
B.5 Stack operators
Annex C (informative) Advice on maximising portability
C.1 General
C.2 Architectural limits
C.3 Memory limits
C.4 File Limits
Annex D (normative) Character sets and encodings
D.1 General
D.2 Latin character set and encodings
D.3 PDFDocEncoding character set
D.4 Expert set and MacExpert encoding
D.5 Symbol set and encoding
D.6 ZapfDingbats set and encoding
Annex E (normative) Extending PDF
E.1 General
E.2 Classes of PDF names
Annex F (normative) Linearized PDF
F.1 General
F.2 Background and assumptions
F.3 Linearized PDF document structure
F.3.1 General
F.3.2 Header (Part 1)
F.3.3 Linearization parameter dictionary (Part 2)
F.3.4 First-page cross-reference table and trailer (Part 3)
F.3.5 Document catalog dictionary and document-level objects (Part 4)
F.3.6 Hint streams (Parts 5 and 10)
F.3.7 First-page section (Part 6)
F.3.8 Remaining pages (Part 7)
F.3.9 Shared objects (Part 8)
F.3.10 Other objects (Part 9)
F.3.11 Main cross-reference and trailer (Part 11)
F.4 Hint tables
F.4.1 General
F.4.2 Page offset hint table
F.4.3 Shared object hint table
F.4.4 Thumbnail hint table
F.4.5 Generic hint tables
F.4.6 Extended generic hint tables
F.4.7 Embedded file stream hint tables
Annex G (informative) Linearized PDF access strategies
G.1 General
G.2 Opening at the first page
G.3 Opening at an arbitrary page
G.4 Going to another page of an open document
G.5 Drawing a page incrementally
G.6 Following an article thread
G.7 Accessing an updated file
Annex H (informative) Example PDF files
H.1 General
H.2 Minimal PDF file
H.3 Simple text string example
H.4 Simple graphics example
H.5 Page tree example
H.6 Outline hierarchy example
H.7 Updating example
H.7.1 General
H.7.2 Stage 1: Add four text annotations
H.7.3 Stage 2: Modify text of one annotation
H.7.4 Stage 3: Delete two annotations
H.7.5 Stage 4: Add three annotations and update metadata
H.8 Structure elements examples
H.8.1 General
H.8.2 Table of Contents
H.8.3 Hierarchical lists
H.8.4 Example of Sub standard structure type
Annex I (normative) PDF versions and compatibility
I.1 General
I.2 PDF version numbers
I.3 Feature compatibility
Annex J (informative) XObject comparison
J.1 Background
J.2 General
J.3 Object comparisons
J.3.1 Boolean objects
J.3.2 Numeric objects
J.3.3 String objects
J.3.4 Name objects
J.3.5 Array objects
J.3.6 Dictionary objects
J.3.7 Stream objects
J.4 Known issues
J.4.1 Equal vs. equivalent
J.4.2 Recursion in dictionaries
Annex K (normative) XFA forms
K.1 General
K.2 Access to the XFA template and other resources
Annex L (normative) Parent-child relationships between the standard structure elements in the standard structure namespace for PDF 2.0
Annex M (informative) Differences between the standard structure namespaces
Annex N (informative) Best practice for halftones
N.1 General
N.2 Classic approach
N.3 Object-based approach
Annex O (normative) Fragment identifiers
O.1 General
O.2 Fragment identifiers
O.2.1 PDF object identifiers
O.2.2 PDF open parameters
Annex P (informative) An algorithm to determine the actual blending colour space of a transparency group
Annex Q (normative) Method for determining transparency on a page
Q.1 General
Q.2 Page content
Q.3 Form XObjects
Q.4 Image XObjects
Q.5 Text objects
Bibliography