IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

2006 IPCC Guidelines for NationalGreenhouse Gas Inventories......Page 1
Contents......Page 3
Foreword......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
OVERVIEW......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
1 Introduction......Page 10
2 Coverage of the Guidelines......Page 11
3 Approach to developing the Guidelines......Page 14
4 Structure of the Guidelines......Page 15
5 Specific developments in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines......Page 16
Glossary......Page 19
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 31
Authors and Review Editors......Page 32
Reviewers......Page 39
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol 1, General Guidance and Reporting......Page 47
CHAPTER 1......Page 52
1.1 CONCEPTS......Page 55
1.2 ESTIMATION METHODS......Page 57
1.4 INVENTORY QUALITY......Page 58
1.5 COMPILING AN INVENTORY......Page 59
References......Page 63
CHAPTER 2......Page 64
2.2 COLLECTING DATA......Page 67
2.2.1 Gathering existing data......Page 69
2.2.2 Generating new data......Page 71
2.2.3 Adapting data for inventory use......Page 73
2.2.4 Emission factors and direct measurement of emissions......Page 75
2.2.5 Activity data......Page 80
References......Page 82
Annex 2A.1 A protocol for expert elicitation......Page 83
Annex 2A.2 General guidance on performing surveys......Page 85
CHAPTER 3......Page 88
3.1.2 Overall structure of uncertainty analysis......Page 93
3.1.3 Key concepts and terminology......Page 94
3.1.4 Basis for uncertainty analysis......Page 95
3.1.5 Causes of uncertainty......Page 97
3.1.6 Reducing uncertainty......Page 99
3.2 QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTIES......Page 100
3.2.1.2 Empirical data for sources and sinks and activity......Page 101
3.2.2.1 Uncertainty in models......Page 106
3.2.2.3 Methods for encoding Expert Judgements......Page 107
3.2.2.4 Good Practice Guidance for selecting probability density functions......Page 109
3.2.3.1 Approach 1: propagation of error......Page 114
3.2.3.2 Approach 2: Monte Carlo simulation......Page 119
3.2.3.3 Hybrid combinations of Approaches 1 and 2......Page 124
3.2.3.4 Comparison between Approaches......Page 125
3.3 UNCERTAINTY AND TEMPORALAUTOCORRELATION......Page 126
3.5 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION......Page 127
3.6 EXAMPLES......Page 130
3.7.1 Approach 1 variables and equations......Page 144
3.7.2 Approach 1 – details of the equations for trend uncertainty......Page 145
3.7.3 Dealing with large and asymmetric uncertainties in the results of Approach 1......Page 147
3.7.4 Methodology for calculation of the contribution touncertainty......Page 149
References......Page 151
CHAPTER 4......Page 154
4.1.2 Purpose of the key category analysis......Page 158
4.1.3 General approach to identify key categories......Page 159
4.2 GENERAL RULES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF KEY CATEGORIES......Page 160
4.3 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TOIDENTIFY KEY CATEGORIES......Page 165
4.3.1 Approach 1 to identify key categories......Page 166
4.3.2 Approach 2 to identify key categories......Page 170
4.4 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION......Page 172
4.5 EXAMPLES OF KEY CATEGORY ANALYSIS......Page 173
References......Page 183
CHAPTER 5......Page 184
5.2.1 Recalculations due to methodological changes andrefinements......Page 188
5.2.2 Adding new categories......Page 189
5.2.3 Tracking increases and decreases due totechnological change and other factors......Page 190
5.3.3.1 Overlap......Page 191
5.3.3.2 Surrogate data......Page 193
5.3.3.3 Interpolation......Page 194
5.3.3.4 Trend extrapolation......Page 195
5.3.3.5 Other Techniques......Page 196
5.4 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION OF TREND INFORMATION......Page 197
5.5 TIME SERIES CONSISTENCY QA/QC......Page 198
References......Page 199
CHAPTER 6......Page 200
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 204
6.2 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING QA/QC AND VERIFICATION SYSTEMS......Page 205
6.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 206
6.5 QA/QC PLAN......Page 207
6.6 GENERAL QC PROCEDURES......Page 208
6.7.1.2 COUNTRY-SPECIFIC EMISSION FACTORS......Page 211
6.7.2.1 NATIONAL LEVEL ACTIVITY DATA......Page 213
6.7.2.2 SITE-SPECIFIC ACTIVITY DATA......Page 214
6.7.3 Calculation-related QC......Page 215
6.8 QA PROCEDURES......Page 216
6.9 QA/QC AND UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES......Page 217
6.10.1 Comparisons of national estimates......Page 218
6.10.2 Comparisons with atmospheric measurements......Page 220
6.11.1 Internal documentation and archiving......Page 221
References......Page 222
Annex 6A.1 QC checklists......Page 224
A1. General QC checklist......Page 225
A2. Category-specific QC checklist......Page 228
CHAPTER 7......Page 231
7.2 PRECURSOR EMISSIONS......Page 234
7.2.1.2 Industrial Processes and Product Use......Page 235
7.2.1.5 Carbon emitted in gases other than CO2......Page 236
7.2.2 Link to relevant methodology chapters in theEMEP/CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook......Page 237
7.3.1 Methodology......Page 245
References......Page 246
CHAPTER 8......Page 247
8.2.1 Coverage......Page 250
8.2.2 Gases included......Page 251
8.2.4 Sectors and categories......Page 252
8.2.7 Time series......Page 253
8.3 INTRODUCTION TO REPORTING TABLES......Page 254
8.5 CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OFCATEGORIES......Page 255
Table 8.2 Classification and definition of categories of emissions and removals......Page 256
References......Page 280
ANNEX 8A.1......Page 281
Units and abbreviations......Page 282
Formulae for chemical compounds......Page 283
ANNEX 8A.2 REPORTING TABLES......Page 285
Contents......Page 286
1 Energy......Page 288
2 Industrial Processes and Product Use......Page 289
3 Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use......Page 292
Memo items......Page 293
Table B Short Summary Table......Page 294
Table 1 Energy Sectoral Table......Page 296
Table 1.1 Energy Background Table: 1A1-1A2......Page 300
Table 1.2 Energy Background Table: 1A3-1A5......Page 301
Table 1.3 Energy Background Table: 1B......Page 303
Table 1.4a Energy Background Table: 1C CO2 Transport, Injection and Storage......Page 304
Table 1.4b Energy Background Table: 1C CO2 Transport, Injection and Storage- Overview......Page 305
Table 1.5 Energy Background Table: Reference Approach......Page 306
Table 2 IPPU Sectoral Table......Page 308
Table 2.1 IPPU Background Table: 2A Mineral Industry, 2B (2B1-2B8, 2B10) Chemical Industry - CO2, CH4 and N2O......Page 310
Table 2.2 IPPU Background Table: 2B (2B9 - 2B10) Chemical Industry HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and other halogenated gases......Page 311
Table 2.3 IPPU Background Table: 2C Metal Industry CO2, CH4 and N2O......Page 312
Table 2.4 IPPU Background Table: 2C (2C3, 2C4, 2C7) Metal Industry HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and other halogenatedgases......Page 313
Table 2.5 IPPU Background Table: 2D Non-Energy Products from Fuels and Solvent Use CO2, CH4 and N2O......Page 314
Table 2.6 IPPU Background Table: 2E Electronics Industry HFCs, PFCs, SF6 NF3 and other halogenated gases......Page 315
Table 2.7 IPPU Background Table: 2F Product Uses as Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances HFCs, PFCs and other halogenated gases......Page 316
Table 2.8 IPPU Background Table: 2G (2G1, 2G2, 2G4) Other Product Manufacture and Use – PFCs, SF6 and other halogenated gases......Page 317
Table 2.9 IPPU Background Table: 2G (2G3, 2G4) Other Product Manufacture and Use - N2O, CO2, CH4......Page 318
Table 2.10 IPPU Background Table: 2H Other......Page 319
Table 2.11 IPPU Background Table: Greenhouse gases without CO2 equivalent conversion factors......Page 320
Table 2.12 IPPU Background Table: Allocation of CO2 emissions from Non-Energy Use of fossil fuels: IPPU and othersectors......Page 321
Table 3 AFOLU Sectoral Table......Page 322
Table 3.1 AFOLU Background Table: 3A1 - 3A2 Agriculture/Livestock......Page 324
Table 3.2 AFOLU Background Table: 3B Carbon stock changes in FOLU......Page 325
Table 3.3 AFOLU Background Table: Emissions in Wetlands (3B4)......Page 327
Table 3.4 AFOLU Background Table: Biomass Burning (3C1)......Page 328
Table 3.5 AFOLU Background Table: CO2 emissions from Liming (3C2)......Page 330
Table 3.6 AFOLU Background Table: CO2 emissions from Urea Fertilization (3C3)......Page 331
Table 3.7 AFOLU Background Table: Direct N2O emissions from Managed Soils (3C4)......Page 332
Table 3.8 AFOLU Background Table: Indirect N2O emissions from Managed Soils and Manure Management (3C5 and 3C6)......Page 333
Table 3.9 AFOLU Background Table: Non-CO2 GHG emissions not included elsewhere (3C7 and 3C8)......Page 334
Table 3.10 AFOLU Background Table: Harvested Wood Products (3D1) - Annual carbon HWP contribution to total AFOLU CO2 removals and emissions and background information......Page 335
Table 4 Waste Sectoral Table......Page 336
Table 4.1 Waste Background Table: CO2, CH4, N2O emissions......Page 337
Table 4.2 Waste Background Table: CH4 recovery......Page 338
Table 4.3 Waste Background Table: Long-term storage of carbon Information items......Page 339
Table 5A Cross-sectoral Table: Indirect emissions of N2O......Page 340
Table 6A Trends of CO2......Page 341
Table 6B Trends of CH4......Page 344
Table 6C Trends of N2O......Page 347
Table 6D Trends of HFCs......Page 350
Table 6E Trends of PFCs......Page 351
Table 6F Trends of SF6......Page 352
Table 6G Trends of other gases......Page 353
Table 7A Uncertainties......Page 354
Table 7B Summary of Key Category analysis......Page 355
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol 2, Energy......Page 356
CHAPTER 1......Page 361
1.2 SOURCE CATEGORIES......Page 365
1.3.1.1 Tiers......Page 366
1.3.1.2 Selecting tiers: a general decision tree......Page 368
1.3.2 Fugitive emissions......Page 370
1.4.1.1 Fuel definitions......Page 371
1.4.1.2 Conversion of energy units......Page 376
1.4.1.3 Activity data sources......Page 377
1.4.2.1 CO2 emission factors......Page 380
1.4.2.3 Indirect greenhouse gases......Page 384
1.5.3 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 385
1.6.1 Reference Approach......Page 387
1.6.4 National boundaries......Page 388
References......Page 389
CHAPTER 2......Page 390
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES......Page 395
2.3.1.1 Tier 1 approach......Page 400
2.3.1.2 Tier 2 approach......Page 401
2.3.2.1 Tier 1......Page 403
2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 413
2.3.4 Carbon dioxide capture......Page 423
2.3.6 Developing a consistent time series and recalculation......Page 426
2.4.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 427
2.4.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 429
2.5.1 Reporting and Documentation......Page 430
2.6 WORKSHEETS......Page 431
References......Page 434
CHAPTER 3......Page 437
3.1 OVERVIEW......Page 444
3.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 446
3.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 452
3.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 461
3.2.1.4 Completeness......Page 464
3.2.2 Uncertainty Assessment......Page 465
3.2.3 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 467
3.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 468
3.3.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 471
3.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 472
3.3.1.5 Developing a consistent time series......Page 473
3.3.3 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 474
3.4 RAILWAYS......Page 475
3.4.1.1 Choice of method......Page 476
3.4.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 478
3.4.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 480
3.4.1.6 Uncertainty assessment......Page 481
3.4.3 Reporting and Documentation......Page 482
3.5.1.1 Choice of method......Page 483
3.5.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 486
3.5.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 487
3.5.1.6 Developing a consistent time series......Page 489
3.5.2 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 490
3.5.4 Reporting tables and worksheets......Page 491
3.6 CIVIL AVIATION......Page 492
3.6.1.1 Choice of method......Page 493
3.6.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 500
3.6.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 501
3.6.1.4 Military aviation......Page 502
3.6.1.6 Developing a consistent time series......Page 504
3.6.2 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 505
3.6.4 Reporting tables and worksheets......Page 509
References......Page 510
CHAPTER 4......Page 515
4.1.1.1 Coal mining and handling......Page 520
4.1.1.2 Summary of sources......Page 522
4.1.3 Underground coal mines......Page 523
4.1.3.1 Choice of method......Page 524
4.1.3.2 Choice of emission factors for underground mines......Page 525
4.1.3.5 Developing a consistent time serires......Page 528
4.1.3.6 Uncertainty assessment......Page 529
4.1.4.1 Choice of method......Page 531
4.1.4.2 Emission factors for surface mining......Page 532
4.1.4.5 Developing a consistent time series......Page 533
4.1.5.1 Choice of method......Page 534
4.1.5.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 537
4.1.5.5 Developing a consistent time series......Page 542
4.1.5.6 Uncertainty assessment......Page 543
4.1.7.1 Quality control and documentation......Page 544
4.1.7.2 Reporting and documemtation......Page 545
4.2.1 Overview, description of sources......Page 546
4.2.2 Methodological issues......Page 549
4.2.2.1 Choice of method, decision trees, tiers......Page 550
4.2.2.2 Choice of method......Page 555
4.2.2.3 Choice of emission factor......Page 560
4.2.2.4 Choice of activity data......Page 579
4.2.2.5 Completeness......Page 584
4.2.2.6 Developing a consistent time series......Page 585
4.2.2.7.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 586
4.2.3 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 587
4.2.4 Reporting and Documentation......Page 588
References: Oil and Gas......Page 591
CHAPTER 5......Page 593
5.2 OVERVIEW......Page 597
5.3 CO2 CAPTURE......Page 598
5.4.1 CO2 transport by pipeline......Page 600
5.5 CO2 INJECTION......Page 602
5.6.1 Description of emissions pathways/sources......Page 603
5.7 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 605
5.7.1 Choice of method......Page 606
5.7.2 Choice of emission factors and activity data......Page 608
5.7.4 Developing a consistent time series......Page 609
5.9 INVENTORY QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITYCONTROL (QA/QC)......Page 610
5.10 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION......Page 612
Annex 5.1 Summary description of potential monitoringtechnologies for geological CO2 storage sites......Page 614
References......Page 623
V2_6_Ch6_Reference_Approach......Page 625
6.3 ALGORITHM......Page 629
6.4.1 Apparent consumption......Page 630
6.6 EXCLUDED CARBON......Page 631
6.6.1 Feedstock......Page 632
6.6.3 Non-energy products use......Page 633
6.6.4 Method......Page 634
6.8 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE REFERENCEAPPROACH AND A SECTORAL APPROACH......Page 635
6.10.2 Carbon content and net calorific values......Page 637
References......Page 638
ANNEX 1_Worksheets......Page 639
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 641
1A Fuel Combustion Activities......Page 644
1B.1 Solid Fuels......Page 649
1B.2 Oil and natural gas......Page 651
Fuel Combustion Activities(Reference Approach)......Page 653
Reference Approach (Auxiliary Worksheet 1-1: Estimating Excluded Carbon)......Page 656
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol 3, Industrial Processes and Product Use......Page 657
CHAPTER 1......Page 662
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 666
1.2.2 Capture and abatement......Page 668
1.2.5 International data sources......Page 670
1.3.1 Types of uses......Page 673
1.3.2 Accounting for feedstock and reductant uses of fossilfuels and their CO2 emissions......Page 674
1.4.1 Introduction......Page 676
1.4.3.1 CO2 completeness check......Page 677
1.4.3.2 Feedstock balance check......Page 681
1.4.4.1 Allocation of CO2 from non-energy use......Page 685
1.4.4.2 Completeness of CO2 from non-energy use......Page 686
1.5.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the mass-balanceapproach......Page 688
1.5.3 Strengths and weaknesses of the emission-factorapproach......Page 690
References......Page 692
CHAPTER 2......Page 693
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 698
2.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 699
2.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 703
2.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 705
2.2.1.4 Completeness......Page 707
2.2.2.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 708
2.2.3.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 710
2.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 711
2.3.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 714
2.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 715
2.3.1.4 Completeness......Page 716
2.3.2.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 717
2.3.3.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 718
2.4.1 Methodological issues......Page 719
2.4.1.1 Choice of method......Page 720
2.4.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 721
2.4.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 722
2.4.2.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 723
2.5.1 Methodological issues......Page 724
2.5.1.1 Choice of method......Page 726
2.5.1.4 Completeness......Page 728
2.5.1.5 Developing a consistent time series......Page 730
2.5.3.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)......Page 731
References......Page 732
CHAPTER 3......Page 733
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 742
3.2.2 Methodological issues......Page 743
3.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 744
3.2.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 746
3.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 747
3.2.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 749
3.2.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 750
3.3.2 Methodological issues......Page 751
3.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 752
3.3.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 754
3.3.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 755
3.3.3.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 756
3.3.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 757
3.4.2.1 Choice of method......Page 759
3.4.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 760
3.4.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 762
3.4.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 763
3.4.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 764
3.5.2.1 Methodological issues......Page 765
3.5.2.2 Uncertainty assessment......Page 769
3.5.2.3 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), Reporting and Documentation......Page 770
3.5.3 Glyoxal and glyoxylic acid production......Page 771
3.6.2 Methodological issues......Page 772
3.6.2.1 Choice of method......Page 773
3.6.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 775
3.6.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 776
3.6.3.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 777
3.6.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 778
3.7.2.1 Choice of method......Page 779
3.7.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 780
3.7.3.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 782
3.7.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 783
3.8.2.1 Methodological issues......Page 784
3.8.2.2 Uncertainty assessment......Page 786
3.8.3 Solvay soda ash production......Page 787
3.8.3.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), Reporting and Documentation......Page 788
3.9.1 Introduction......Page 789
3.9.2.1 Choice of method......Page 795
3.9.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 804
3.9.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 813
3.9.2.4 Completeness......Page 815
3.9.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 816
3.9.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Conctrol......Page 819
3.9.4.2 Reporting and Documetation......Page 820
Annex 3.9A Feedstock-product flow diagrams......Page 822
3.10.1.2 Methodological issues......Page 824
3.10.1.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 832
3.10.1.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), Reporting and Documentation......Page 833
3.10.2.1 Introduction......Page 834
3.10.2.2 Methodological issues......Page 835
3.10.2.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC), Reporting and Documentation......Page 838
References......Page 839
CHAPTER 4......Page 843
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 850
4.2 IRON & STEEL AND METALLURGICAL COKEPRODUCTION......Page 851
4.2.1 Introduction......Page 853
4.2.2.1 Choice of method: metallurgical coke production......Page 859
4.2.2.2 Choice of method: iron and steel production......Page 861
4.2.2.3 Choice of emission factors......Page 866
4.2.2.5 Completeness......Page 870
4.2.2.6 Developing a consistent time series......Page 871
4.2.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)......Page 872
4.2.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 873
4.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 874
4.3.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 879
4.3.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 881
4.3.3.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 882
4.3.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 883
4.4.2.1 Choice of method for CO2 emissions from primary aluminium production......Page 885
4.4.2.2 Choice of emission factors for CO2 emissions from primary aluminium production......Page 889
4.4.2.3 Choice of method for PFCs......Page 891
4.4.2.4 Choice of emission factors for PFCs......Page 895
4.4.2.7 Developing a consistent time series......Page 897
4.4.3.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 898
4.4.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 899
4.5.1 Introduction......Page 901
4.5.2.1 Choice of method......Page 903
4.5.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 907
4.5.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 908
4.5.2.5 Developing a consistent time series......Page 909
4.5.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 910
4.5.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)......Page 911
4.5.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 912
4.6.2.1 Choice of method......Page 913
4.6.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 915
4.6.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 916
4.6.3.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 917
4.6.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)......Page 918
4.6.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 919
4.7.2.1 Choice of method......Page 920
4.7.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 922
4.7.2.4 Completeness......Page 923
4.7.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)......Page 924
4.7.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 925
References......Page 926
CHAPTER 5......Page 928
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 932
5.2.2 Methodological issues......Page 933
5.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 934
5.2.2.4 Completeness......Page 936
5.2.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 937
5.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 938
5.3.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 939
5.3.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 940
5.4.1 Introduction......Page 941
5.4.2 Methodological issues......Page 942
5.5.1 Introduction......Page 943
5.5.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 944
References......Page 945
CHAPTER 6......Page 946
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 950
6.2.1.1 Etching and CVD cleaning for semiconductors, liquid crystal displays, and photovoltaics......Page 951
6.2.1.2 Heat transfer fluids......Page 958
6.2.2.1 Etching and CVD cleaning for semiconductors, liquid crystal displays, and photovoltaics......Page 960
6.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 967
6.2.4 Completeness......Page 969
6.3.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 970
6.3.2 Activity data uncertainties......Page 971
6.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 974
References......Page 976
CHAPTER 7......Page 978
7.1.1 Chemicals and relevant application areas covered......Page 984
7.1.2.1 Overview of ODS substitute issues......Page 985
7.1.2.2 Choice of method......Page 990
7.1.2.4 Choice of activity data......Page 995
7.1.2.6 Developing a consistent time series......Page 997
7.1.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for all ODS substitutes applications......Page 998
7.1.4.2 Reporting and Documentation for all ODS substitutes applications......Page 999
7.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1000
7.2.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1001
7.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1002
7.2.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1003
7.2.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1004
7.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1005
7.3.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1006
7.3.2.4 Completeness......Page 1007
7.3.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1008
7.4.1 Chemicals covered in this application area......Page 1009
7.4.2 Methodological issues......Page 1010
7.4.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1011
7.4.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1012
7.4.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1015
7.4.2.4 Summarising the primary methods......Page 1016
7.4.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 1018
7.4.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1019
7.5.1 Chemicals covered in this application area......Page 1020
7.5.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1022
7.5.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1028
7.5.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1030
7.5.2.4 Applying Tier 2 methods – the example of mobile air conditioning (MAC)......Page 1032
7.5.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 1035
7.5.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1036
7.6.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1038
7.6.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1040
7.6.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1041
7.6.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1042
7.7.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1043
7.7.2.4 Completeness......Page 1044
7.7.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1045
References......Page 1047
CHAPTER 8......Page 1049
8.2.1 Introduction......Page 1054
8.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1055
8.2.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1062
8.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1065
8.2.2.4 Completeness......Page 1067
8.2.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1068
8.2.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 1069
8.2.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1070
8.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1071
8.3.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1080
8.3.4.1 Quality Assurance/Quality Control......Page 1081
8.3.4.2 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1082
8.4.1 Introduction......Page 1083
8.4.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1084
8.4.3.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 1085
8.4.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC),Reporting and Documentation......Page 1086
References......Page 1087
Annex 8A Examples of Tier 3 national SF6 inventory systems......Page 1089
ANNEX 1_Worksheets......Page 1092
2A2 Lime Production......Page 1095
2A4 Other Process Uses of Carbonates......Page 1096
2B2 Nitric Acid Production......Page 1097
2B5 Carbide Production......Page 1098
2B6 Titanium Dioxide Production......Page 1100
2B8 Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production......Page 1101
2B9 Fluorochemical Production......Page 1106
2C1 Iron and Steel Production......Page 1108
2C2 Ferroalloys Production......Page 1109
2C3 Aluminium Production......Page 1110
2C4 Magnesium Production......Page 1111
2C6 Zinc Production......Page 1112
2D2 Paraffin Wax Use......Page 1113
2E1 Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor......Page 1114
2E3 Photovoltaics......Page 1115
2E4 Heat Transfer Fluid......Page 1116
2F2 Foam Blowing Agents......Page 1117
2F4 Aerosols......Page 1118
2F6 Other Applications......Page 1119
2G1 Electrical Equipment......Page 1120
2G2 SF6 and PFCs from Other Product Uses......Page 1122
2G3 N2O from Product Uses......Page 1125
ANNEX 2_Potential Emissions......Page 1126
A2.1 BASIC METHOD TO CALCULATE POTENTIAL EMISSIONS......Page 1129
A2.2 ADDITIONAL CALCULATIONS FOR ESTIMATING POTENTIAL EMISSIONS ACCORDING TO THE FORMER TIER 1b......Page 1131
References......Page 1132
ANNEX 3 _Improvements......Page 1133
A3.2 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EMISSIONS......Page 1136
A3.5 ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY EMISSIONS......Page 1137
A3.7 OTHER PRODUCT MANUFACTURE AND USE......Page 1138
A3.8 COMPLETENESS AND ALLOCATION OF CO2 FROM NON-ENERGY USES OF FUELS......Page 1139
ANNEX 4_ IPPU Glossary......Page 1140
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol 4, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use......Page 1156
CHAPTER 1......Page 1161
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1164
1.2.1 Science background......Page 1165
1.3 OVERVIEW OF INVENTORY PREPARATIONFOR THE AFOLU SECTOR......Page 1168
1.3.1 Land-use and management categories......Page 1169
1.3.3 Identification of key categories......Page 1170
1.4 ORGANISATION OF VOLUME 4 IN 2006 IPCCGUIDELINES......Page 1174
Annex 1A Historical background on IPCC greenhouse gasinventory guidance for AFOLU Sector......Page 1180
References......Page 1181
CHAPTER 2......Page 1182
2.2.1 Overview of carbon stock change estimation......Page 1187
2.2.2 Overview of non-CO2 emission estimation......Page 1191
2.3.1 Change in biomass carbon stocks (above-groundbiomass and below-ground biomass)......Page 1192
2.3.1.1 Land remaining in a land-use category......Page 1193
2.3.1.2 Land converted to a new land-use category......Page 1200
2.3.2.1 Land remaining in a land-use category......Page 1202
2.3.2.2 Land conversion to a new land-use category......Page 1206
2.3.3 Change in carbon stocks in soils......Page 1209
2.3.3.1 Soil C estimation methods (land remaining in a land-use category and land conversion to a new land use)......Page 1210
2.4 NON-CO2 EMISSIONS......Page 1221
2.5.1 Measurement-based Tier 3 inventories......Page 1231
2.5.2 Model-based Tier 3 inventories......Page 1233
References......Page 1235
CHAPTER 3......Page 1241
3.2 LAND-USE CATEGORIES......Page 1245
3.3 REPRESENTING LAND-USE AREAS......Page 1248
Approach 1: Total land-use area, no data on conversions between land uses......Page 1250
Approach 2: Total land-use area, including changes between categories......Page 1252
3.3.2 Using the data......Page 1253
3.3.2.1 Stratification of land-use data......Page 1256
3.4 MATCHING LAND AREAS WITH FACTORSFOR ESTIMATING GREENHOUSE GASEMISSIONS AND REMOVALS......Page 1258
3.5 UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH THEAPPROACHES......Page 1259
Annex 3A.1 Examples of international land cover dataset......Page 1261
Annex 3A.2 Development of land-use databases......Page 1265
Annex 3A.3 Sampling......Page 1270
Annex 3A.4 Overview of potential methods for developingApproach 3 datasets......Page 1275
Annex 3A.5 Default climate and soil classifications......Page 1277
References......Page 1282
CHAPTER 4......Page 1283
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1289
4.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1293
4.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1296
4.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1297
4.2.1.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1......Page 1299
4.2.1.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1301
4.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1302
4.2.2.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1303
4.2.2.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1304
4.2.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1305
4.2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1307
4.2.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1......Page 1308
4.2.4 Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomassburning......Page 1309
4.2.4.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1310
4.3 LAND CONVERTED TO FOREST LAND......Page 1311
4.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1312
4.3.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1314
4.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1315
4.3.1.4 Calculation steps for Teir 1......Page 1316
4.3.2 Dead organic matter......Page 1318
4.3.2.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1319
4.3.2.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1320
4.3.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1321
4.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1322
4.3.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1......Page 1323
4.3.4 Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomassburning......Page 1324
4.4.2 Developing a consistent times series......Page 1325
4.4.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control......Page 1326
4.4.4 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1327
4.5 TABLES......Page 1328
Annex 4A.1 Glossary for Forest Land......Page 1354
References......Page 1361
CHAPTER 5......Page 1366
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1371
5.2.1.1 Choice of methods......Page 1372
5.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1373
5.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1375
5.2.1.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1 and Tier 2......Page 1376
5.2.2 Dead organic matter......Page 1377
5.2.2.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1378
5.2.2.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1379
5.2.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1380
5.2.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1381
5.2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1384
5.2.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1......Page 1387
5.2.3.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1388
5.2.4.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1389
5.3 LAND CONVERTED TO CROPLAND......Page 1390
5.3.1.1 Choice of methods......Page 1391
5.3.1.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1393
5.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1394
5.3.2 Dead organic matter......Page 1395
5.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1396
5.3.2.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1398
5.3.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1400
5.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1401
5.3.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1402
5.3.3.4 Calculation steps for Tier 1......Page 1403
5.3.4.1 Choice of method......Page 1404
5.3.4.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1405
5.4.1 Completeness......Page 1406
5.4.2 Developing a consistent time series......Page 1407
5.4.4 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1408
5.5.1 Choice of method......Page 1409
5.5.2 Choice of emission and scaling factors......Page 1413
5.5.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1416
5.5.5 Completeness, Time series, QA/QC, and ReportingCOMPLETENESS......Page 1417
Annex 5A.1 Estimation of default stock change factors formineral soil C emissions/removals for cropland......Page 1419
References......Page 1420
CHAPTER 6......Page 1432
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1436
6.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1437
6.2.1.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1438
6.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1439
6.2.1.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1440
6.2.1.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1441
6.2.2.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1442
6.2.2.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1443
6.2.2.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1444
6.2.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1445
6.2.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1446
6.2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1448
6.2.3.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1......Page 1450
6.2.3.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1451
6.2.4.1 Choice of method......Page 1453
6.2.4.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1454
6.3.1 Biomass......Page 1455
6.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1456
6.3.1.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1458
6.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1459
6.3.1.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1460
6.3.1.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1461
6.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1462
6.3.2.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1463
6.3.2.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1 and 2......Page 1464
6.3.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1466
6.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1467
6.3.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1468
6.3.3.4 Calculation steps for Tiers 1......Page 1469
6.3.4.1 Choice of method......Page 1470
6.3.4.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1471
6.4.1 Completeness......Page 1472
6.4.2 Developing a consistent times series......Page 1473
6.4.4 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1474
Annex 6A.1 Estimation of default stock change factors formineral soil C emissions/removals for Grassland......Page 1476
References......Page 1477
CHAPTER 7......Page 1481
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1485
7.2.1.1 CO2 emissions from Peatlands Remaining Peatlands......Page 1488
7.2.1.2 Non-CO2 emissions from Peatlands Remaining Peatlands......Page 1494
7.2.1.3 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1496
7.2.2.1 CO2 emissions on lands being converted for peat extraction......Page 1497
7.3 FLOODED LAND......Page 1499
7.3.2.1 CO2 emissions from Land Converted to Flooded land......Page 1500
7.4.2 Developing a consistent time series......Page 1501
7.5 FUTURE METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 1502
References......Page 1503
CHAPTER 8......Page 1505
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1509
8.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1510
8.2.1.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1512
8.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1514
8.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1516
8.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1517
8.2.3 Soil carbon......Page 1518
8.2.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1519
8.2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1520
8.3 LAND CONVERTED TO SETTLEMENTS......Page 1521
8.3.1.2 Choice of emission/removal factors......Page 1522
8.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1523
8.3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1524
8.3.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1525
8.3.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1527
8.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1528
8.4.1 Completeness......Page 1529
8.4.4 Reporting and Documentation......Page 1530
8.5 BASIS FOR FUTURE METHODOLOGICALDEVELOPMENT......Page 1531
References......Page 1532
CHAPTER 9......Page 1534
9.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1537
9.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1538
9.3.2 Dead organic matter......Page 1539
9.3.3.2 Choice of stock change and emission factors......Page 1540
9.3.3.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1541
9.4 COMPLETENESS, TIME SERIES, QA/QC, ANDREPORTING......Page 1542
CHAPTER 10......Page 1543
10.2.1 Steps to define categories and subcategories oflivestock......Page 1549
10.2.2 Choice of method......Page 1550
10.2.4 Characterisation for livestock without species:Specific emission estimation methods......Page 1565
10.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1566
10.3.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1568
10.3.5 Completeness, Time series, QualityAssurance/Quality Control and Reporting......Page 1575
10.4.1 Choice of method......Page 1577
10.4.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1579
10.4.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1590
10.4.5 Completeness, Time series, Quality assurance /Quality control and Reporting......Page 1592
10.5 N2O EMISSIONS FROM MANUREMANAGEMENT......Page 1594
10.5.1 Choice of method......Page 1595
10.5.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1599
10.5.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1603
10.5.4 Coordination with reporting for N2O emissions frommanaged soils......Page 1606
10.5.5 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1608
10.5.6 Completeness, Time series, Quality assurance/Qualitycontrol and Reporting......Page 1610
10.5.7 Use of worksheets......Page 1611
Annex 10A.1 Data underlying methane default emission factorsfor Enteric Fermentation......Page 1613
Annex 10A.2 Data underlying methane default emission factorsfor Manure Management......Page 1618
References......Page 1626
CHAPTER 11......Page 1630
11.2 N2O EMISSIONS FROM MANAGED SOILS......Page 1634
11.2.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1635
11.2.1.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1639
11.2.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1641
11.2.1.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1645
11.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1648
11.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1652
11.2.2.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1653
11.2.3 Completeness, Time series, QA/QC......Page 1654
11.3 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM LIMING......Page 1655
11.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1656
11.3.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1658
11.3.5 Completeness, Time series, QA/QC......Page 1659
11.4.1 Choice of method......Page 1661
11.4.4 Uncertainty assessment......Page 1663
11.4.5 Completeness, Time series consistency, QA/QC......Page 1664
Annex 11A.1 References for crop residue data in Table 11.2......Page 1666
References......Page 1682
CHAPTER 12......Page 1684
12.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1688
12.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1691
12.2.1.1 Tier 1......Page 1692
12.2.1.3 Tier 3: Country-specific methods......Page 1698
12.2.1.4 Estimating carbon release to the atmosphere from the HWP variables......Page 1699
12.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1700
12.3 UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT......Page 1704
12.5 COMPLETENESS......Page 1706
12.7 REPORTING TABLES AND WORKSHEETS......Page 1707
Annex 12.A.1 Some Approaches......Page 1709
References......Page 1715
ANNEX 1_Worksheets......Page 1717
INTRODUCTION......Page 1720
Methane Emissions from Enteric Fermentation and Manure Management......Page 1723
Biomass......Page 1725
Soils......Page 1729
Biomass......Page 1730
Dead organic matter......Page 1734
Soils......Page 1735
Biomass......Page 1737
Soils......Page 1738
IPCC Waste Model......Page 0
Dead organic matter......Page 1741
Soils......Page 1742
Soils......Page 1744
Dead organic matter......Page 1747
Soils......Page 1748
Managed peatlands......Page 1750
Peat extraction......Page 1754
Flooded land......Page 1755
Soils......Page 1756
Dead organic matter......Page 1758
Soils......Page 1759
Soils......Page 1762
Liming......Page 1771
Urea Fertilization......Page 1772
Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Soils......Page 1773
Indirect N2O Emissions from Managed Soils......Page 1775
Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure Management......Page 1777
Rice Cultivation......Page 1779
ANNEX 2_Summary of Equations......Page 1781
A. AFOLU GENERAL EQUATIONS......Page 1783
B. EQUATIONS FOR BIOMASS......Page 1784
C. EQUATIONS FOR DEAD ORGANIC MATTER......Page 1789
D. EQUATIONS FOR SOIL CARBON......Page 1791
F. EQUATIONS FOR RICE CULTIVATION......Page 1793
G. EQUATIONS FOR WETLANDS......Page 1794
H. EQUATIONS FOR LIVESTOCK......Page 1797
I. EQUATIONS FOR N2O AND OTHER CO2 EMISSIONSFROM MANAGED SOILS......Page 1807
J. EQUATIONS FOR HARVESTED WOOD PRODUCTS......Page 1812
Conclusions......Page 1815
References......Page 1816
Appendix 2 Possible Approach for Estimating CO2 Emissionsfrom Lands Converted to Permanently Flooded Land: Basis for Future Methodological Development......Page 1817
CHOICE OF METHOD......Page 1818
CHOICE OF ACTIVITY DATA......Page 1821
UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT......Page 1822
References......Page 1823
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 1826
CHOICE OF METHOD......Page 1827
CHOICE OF ACTIVITY DATA......Page 1829
References......Page 1831
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Vol 5, Waste......Page 1834
CHAPTER 1......Page 1839
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1842
References......Page 1843
CHAPTER 2......Page 1844
2.2 WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT DATA......Page 1847
2.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)......Page 1848
2.2.2 Sludge......Page 1850
2.2.3 Industrial waste......Page 1851
2.2.4 Other waste......Page 1853
2.3.1 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)......Page 1854
2.3.3 Industrial waste......Page 1858
2.3.4 Other waste......Page 1859
Annex 2A.1 Waste Generation and Management Data- by country and regional averages......Page 1860
References......Page 1864
CHAPTER 3......Page 1867
3.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1872
3.2.1.1 First Order Decay (FOD)......Page 1874
3.2.2 Choice of activity data......Page 1878
3.2.3 Choice of emission factors and parameters......Page 1879
3.3 USE OF MEASUREMENT IN THE ESTIMATION OF CH4 EMISSIONS FROM SWDS......Page 1886
3.5 COMPLETENESS......Page 1889
3.7.1 Uncertainty attributable to the method......Page 1890
3.7.2.1 Uncertainties associated with activity data......Page 1891
3.7.2.2 Uncertainties associated with parameters......Page 1892
3.8 QA/QC, Reporting and Documentation......Page 1894
References......Page 1895
3A1.2 First Order Decay (FOD) Model – Basic Theory......Page 1898
3A1.3 Changing the time delay in the FOD equation......Page 1899
3A1.4 Spreadsheet FOD model......Page 1900
3A1.4.1 Introducing a different time delay into the spreadsheet model......Page 1901
3A1.4.3 Calculating CH4 generation from DDOCm decomposed......Page 1902
3A1.6 Different FOD Approaches......Page 1903
3A1.6.2 IPCC 2000 Good Practice Guidance......Page 1904
3A1.6.3 Mathematically Exact First-Order Decay Model......Page 1905
Reference......Page 1906
CHAPTER 4......Page 1907
4.1 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES......Page 1910
4.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1911
4.1.3.1 Tier 1......Page 1912
4.6 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION......Page 1913
References......Page 1914
CHAPTER 5......Page 1915
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1919
5.2.1 Choice of method for estimating CO2 emissions......Page 1920
5.2.1.1 Tier 1......Page 1921
5.2.1.3 Tier 3......Page 1922
5.2.1.4 CO2 emissions from incineration of fossil liquid waste......Page 1924
5.2.2 Choice of method for estimating CH4 emissions......Page 1925
5.2.2.1 Tier 1......Page 1926
5.2.3 Choice of method for estimating N2O emissions......Page 1927
5.2.3.3 Tier 3......Page 1928
5.3.1 Amount of waste incinerated......Page 1929
5.3.2 Amount of waste open-burned......Page 1930
5.3.3 Dry matter content......Page 1931
5.4.1.1 Total carbon content......Page 1932
5.4.1.2 Fossil carbon fraction......Page 1933
5.4.2 CH4 emission factors......Page 1934
5.4.3 N2O emission factors......Page 1935
5.5 COMPLETENESS......Page 1936
5.7.1 Emission factor uncertainties......Page 1937
5.8.1 Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control(QA/QC)......Page 1938
References......Page 1939
CHAPTER 6......Page 1941
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 1946
6.2.1 Methodological issues......Page 1949
6.2.2.1 Choice of method......Page 1950
6.2.2.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1952
6.2.2.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1953
6.2.2.5 Uncertainties......Page 1956
6.2.2.6 QA/QC, Completeness, Reporting and Documentation......Page 1957
6.2.3 Industrial wastewater......Page 1958
6.2.3.1 Choice of method......Page 1959
6.2.3.2 Choice of emission factors......Page 1960
6.2.3.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1961
6.2.3.4 Time series consistency......Page 1962
6.2.3.6 QA/QC, Completeness, Reporting and Documentation......Page 1963
6.3.1.1 Choice of method......Page 1964
6.3.1.3 Choice of activity data......Page 1965
6.3.3 Uncertainties......Page 1966
6.3.4 QA/QC, Completeness, Reporting and Documentation......Page 1967
References......Page 1968
ANNEX 1_Worksheets......Page 1969
Annex 1 Worksheets......Page 1970
Estimation of CH4 emissions from Biological Treatment of Solid Waste......Page 1971
Estimation of N2O emissions from Biological Treatment of Solid Waste......Page 1972
4C1 Estimation of CO2 emissions from Incineration of Waste......Page 1973
4C1 Estimation of total amount of waste open-burned......Page 1974
4C2 Estimation of CO2 emissions from Open Burning of Waste......Page 1975
4C1 Estimation of CO2 emissions from incineration of fossil liquid waste......Page 1976
4C1 Estimation of CH4 emissions from Incineration of Waste......Page 1977
4C2 Estimation of CH4 emissions from Open Burning of Waste......Page 1978
4C1 Estimation of N2O emissions from Incineration of Waste......Page 1979
4C2 Estimation of N2O emissions from Open Burning of Waste......Page 1980
4D1 -1 Estimation of Organically Degradable Material in Domestic Wastewater......Page 1981
4D1 -2 Estimation of CH4 emission factor for Domestic Wastewater......Page 1982
4D1 -3 Estimation of CH4 emissions from Domestic Wastewater......Page 1983
4D2 -1 Total Organic Degradable Material in wastewater for each industry sector......Page 1984
4D2 -2 Estimation of CH4 emission factor for Industrial Wastewater......Page 1985
4D2 -3 Estimation of CH4 emissions from Industrial Wastewater......Page 1986
4D1 Estimation of nitrogen in effluent......Page 1987
4D1 Estimation of emission factor and emissions of indirect N2O from Wastewater......Page 1988