This book provides detail on applying Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) in smart cities and their design aspects related to physical and network layer models. The authors explore the possibilities of utilizing communication technologies like multi-input multi-output (MIMO), narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) for successful implementation of the IoT/IoE. The authors also address the development and advancement in cloud computing to support IoT and IoE. Research on the challenges and future predictions for efficiently implementing and exploring the benefits of smart cities are also explored. The book pertains to researchers, academics, and professionals in the field.
- Discusses the applicability of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) for smart cities;
- Addresses different protocols, networks, and technologies related to the implementation of IoT and IoE for smart cities;
- Provides a detailed overview on the physical and network layer design and signal processing algorithms related to IoT and IoE.
Author(s): Samarendra Nath Sur, Valentina Emilia Balas, Akash Kumar Bhoi, Anand Nayyar
Series: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 337
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 A Comprehensive Review on Physical Layer Design for Smart Cities
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Backscatter Communication Systems
1.3 RIS
1.4 Physical Layer Security
1.5 A Case Study of Backscatter System
1.5.1 Outage Probability Analysis
1.5.2 OP of D1
1.5.3 OP of BD
1.5.4 OP of D2
1.5.5 Numerical Results
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 An Overview of Security and Privacy in Smart Cities
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Smart City Architecture
2.2.1 The IoT in Smart City
2.3 Smart City Applications
2.4 Smart City Characteristics
2.5 Security and Privacy Challenges
2.5.1 Privacy Challenges in Smart Cities
2.5.2 Countermeasures and Solutions for Securing Smart City
2.6 Related Work
2.6.1 Summary
2.7 Challenges and Future Directions
2.8 Conclusion
References
3 Multi-antenna-Enabled Technologies for IoT-Driven Smart Cities
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multi-antenna Systems
3.2.1 SISO
3.2.2 SIMO
3.2.3 MISO
3.2.4 MIMO
3.2.5 Massive MIMO
3.2.6 Smart Antenna
3.2.7 Signal Processing in Multi-antenna Systems
3.3 Benefits of Multi-antenna System in IoT
3.4 Multi-antenna-Enabled Technologies
3.4.1 5G
Millimeter-Wave Radio Access Technology in 5G
5G Architecture
3.4.2 Beyond 5G
AI and ML in Telecom Networks
3.4.3 New Wi-Fi, WiMAX Versions
3.4.4 Vehicular Networks
3.5 Smart Cities' Case Studies
3.5.1 Smart City of Toronto
3.5.2 Smart City of Santiago
3.6 Conclusion
3.7 Future Scope
References
4 Design of Multiple Access Network by Enabling User Grouping and Energy Harvesting in Relaying System for Smart Cities
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Model
4.3 Outage Probability
4.3.1 Outage Probability of U1
4.3.2 Outage Probability of U2
4.3.3 The Imperfect SIC at U1
4.3.4 The Benchmark: OMA
4.4 Numerical and Simulation Results
4.5 Conclusion
Appendix A
Proof of Proposition 1
Appendix B
Proof of Proposition 2
Appendix C
Proof of Proposition 3
Appendix D
Proof of Proposition 4
References
5 Examining the Adoption and Application of Internet of Things for Smart Cities
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 IoT Technologies for Smart Cities
5.2 Concepts of Smart City
5.3 Motivations for Smart City Development in the Developing Countries
5.4 Requirements of IoT Platform for Smart City
5.5 Taxonomy of IoT-Based Smart City
5.6 IoT Platform for Smart Cities
5.6.1 DIMMER
5.6.2 FLEXIMETER
5.7 Issues and Challenges
5.8 Applications of IoT in Smart Cities
5.9 Case Studies
5.10 Conclusion
References
6 Internet of Everything (IoE) in Smart City Paradigm Using Advanced Sensors for Handheld Devices and Equipment
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Need for Smart City
6.1.2 IoE and the Smart City
6.1.3 Organization
6.2 Areas of Smart City Applications and Services
6.2.1 Smart Buildings
6.2.2 City Air Management Tool (CyAM)
Consequences
6.2.3 Traffic Management
6.2.4 Smart Parking
6.2.5 Smart Waste Management
6.3 Big Data, IoT, and Cloud Computing
6.4 Smart City Smart Infrastructure (2010–2023*)
6.5 Blockchain Technology in IoT
6.5.1 Scenario 1
6.5.2 Scenario 2
6.6 Energy-Efficient Wireless Network
6.7 WSN in Smart Cities
6.8 Areas of WSN Application
6.8.1 Touchscreen
6.8.2 Motion Sensors
6.8.3 Multimedia Sensors
6.8.4 Barometer
6.8.5 Ambient Light Sensor
6.9 Conclusion
References
7 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms for Smart Cities: A Start-of-the-Art Review
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Application of Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities
7.2.1 IoT Technologies in Smart Cities
7.3 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithm Technology for Smart Cities
7.4 The Relevance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Urban Sustainability and Smart Cities
7.4.1 Smart City-Supporting Technologies
7.5 The Research Challenges of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Urban Sustainability and Smart Cities
7.5.1 The Futuristic Solutions in Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Smart City Implementations
7.6 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
8 A Framework for the Actualization of Green Cloud-Based Design for Smart Cities
8.1 Introduction
8.2 The Prospect and Challenges of the Smart Cities
8.2.1 The Features of Smart Cities
8.2.2 Green Smart IoT-Cloud-Based Smart Cities
8.2.3 Prospect and Challenges of Smart Cities
8.3 Literature Review
8.4 Framework for Green Smart Cities
8.4.1 Green IoT/IoE Devices
8.4.2 Fog Infrastructure
8.4.3 The Cloud Services
8.4.4 Smart City
8.5 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
9 Design of a Confidentiality Model Using Semantic-Based Information Segmentation (SBIS) and Scattered Storage in Cloud Computing
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Organization
9.2 Preface
9.3 Genesis
9.4 Contributions
9.5 Safety Prototypes and System Framework
9.6 Safeguarding Information Without Negotiating Confidentiality
9.6.1 Illustration 1 (Background Refinement)
9.6.2 Illustration 2 ((di, O(di))) Refinement
9.7 Subcontracting of Information with Confidentiality Assurance Using Background Refinement and Semantic Data Segmentation
9.7.1 Identification of Precarious Words
9.7.2 Illustration 3 (Data Hypothesis for Background Refinement)
9.7.3 Algorithm: Identification of Precarious Words
9.7.4 Semantic-Based Information Segmentation and Scattered Storage
9.7.5 Data Segmentation and Scattered Storage
9.8 Performance Analysis
9.8.1 Evaluation Parameters
9.9 Results and Discussion
9.10 Summary
9.11 Conclusion
9.12 Future Scope
References
10 Maintaining IoT Healthcare Records Using Cloud Storage
10.1 Introduction to Healthcare Records
10.2 Introduction to Cloud Storage
10.3 Challenges in Storing Healthcare Records on Cloud
10.3.1 Technical Challenges
10.3.2 Nontechnical Challenges
10.4 Challenges in IoT-Cloud-Based Healthcare Innovations
10.4.1 Smart Cities' Healthcare Using IoT
10.5 Providing Security to Cloud-Stored Healthcare Records
10.5.1 Access Control Model
10.5.2 Crypt Databases
10.6 IoT and Cloud Integration in Medical Healthcare
10.7 Integration with AI for Identification of Hidden Patterns
10.8 Conclusion
References
11 Use of IoT in Net-Zero Smart City Concept in the Indian Context: A Bibliographic Analysis of Literature
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology: Bibliographic Analysis of Literature
11.3 Literature Review
11.3.1 Planning Factors and Use of IoT
11.3.2 Role of Citizen Engagement and Community Participation in Net-Zero City
11.3.3 Energy and Transportation and Use of IoT
11.4 Findings and Discussions
11.4.1 Factorial Analysis
11.4.2 Three-Field Plot
11.4.3 Thematic Evolution and Thematic Map
11.4.4 Tree Mapping Analysis and Word Growth Analysis
11.4.5 Country Collaboration Map
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Smart and Innovative Water Conservation and Distribution System for Smart Cities
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Review
12.2.1 Source of Groundwater
12.2.2 Community Water Treatment
12.2.3 Water Distribution Pattern
12.2.4 Water Tanks
Types of Tanks
12.2.5 Water Stress in Smart Cities
12.3 Component Details
12.3.1 Automated Valve
12.3.2 Flow Sensor
12.3.3 Types of Flow Sensor
12.4 NodeMCU
12.5 Proposed System
12.5.1 Working of Smart Tap
12.5.2 Working on Regular Mode
12.5.3 Saver Mode
12.5.4 Mobile Application
12.5.5 Nozzle Selection
12.5.6 Conservation Statistics
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 IoT Technology-Based Urban Water Management Strategies Using Indian Traditional Knowledge System
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Research Methodology
13.3 Literature Review
13.3.1 Importance of Indian Traditional Water Management Knowledge
13.3.2 Review of AMRUT Scheme
13.3.3 IoT in Water Management
13.3.4 Benefits of Using IoT and Traditional Knowledge in Water Management
13.3.5 Role of Community in Resource Management and Sustainability
13.4 Study Area
13.4.1 Water Problems in the Selected Cities
13.4.2 Integrating Existing Schemes, Programs, and Policies
13.5 Discussion and Strategies
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 X-IoT: Architecture and Use Cases for an IoT Platform in the Area of Smart Cities
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Role of Data and AI Platform in Collecting IoT Information in Smart Cities
14.2.1 Literature Overview
14.2.2 Practitioner Context
14.2.3 Safe, Healthy, and Livable: Smart City Solutions and Problems They Solve
14.2.4 Real-Life Implementation Examples
14.3 Typical Technological Challenges and Best Practices of Smart City Implementations
14.3.1 Data Availability, Open Data, and Data Sharing
14.3.2 Data Governance and Life Cycle Management for Smart Cities
14.3.3 Operationalization of Analytics and AI for Smart Cities
14.3.4 Reference Architecture for Data and AI Platform: X-IoT by Capgemini
14.4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Index
