The book is a developed history of the radiological sciences – covering the back-story to Röntgen’s discovery, the discovery itself and immediate reception the early days of radiology leading to classical radiology (the pre-digital world). The 1970s as the ‘golden decade’ of radiology will be covered in detail, with the development of CT, MRI and modern interventional radiology. It will appeal to interested members of the public, to those working in the field, and to historians of medicine and science.
Author(s): Adrian Thomas
Edition: 1
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 307
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author Bio
Chapter 1 Röntgen’s Discovery and Its Background
Introduction
Early History
Röntgen and the Discovery of X-rays
Notes
Chapter 2 The Early Radiology Departments and the Problems They Faced
Arthur Schuster and Early Manchester Radiology
Antoine Béclère and French Radiology
Guido Holzknecht and Viennese Radiology
Practice in the Early Radiology Departments
Florence Stoney and the Royal Free Hospital
Notes
Chapter 3 Radiology and Culture
Written Literature
Films and Theatre
Visual Media
X-Ray Vision
Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 4 Radiology and Anatomy
Traditional Anatomy
Charles Thurstan Holland
John Poland and the Development of Standards for Bone Maturation
John Poland and Epiphyseal Anatomy and Classification of Fractures
William J. Morton
Growth of the Radiological Atlas
Angiography and Vascular Anatomy
Angiography and the Nuffield Institute for Medical Research, Oxford
Alban Köhler
Sebastian Gilbert Scott
Theodore Keats
Fantasy Surgery and Arbuthnot Lane’s Disease
Modern Anatomical Studies
Radiological Anatomy
Notes
Chapter 5 Dangers in the X-Ray Department
Electrical Injuries
Radiation Injuries
The London Hospital Radiographers
Dr. Emilio Tiraboschi (1862–1912)
The French Radiation Martyrs
The British 1915 Protection Regulations
Ironside Bruce and the Development of Standards
Hazards to Patients and the Adrian Committee
The Radiologist as Guinea Pig
X-Ray Processing and Darkroom Disease
Notes
Chapter 6 Tubes, Plates, and Screens
The X-Ray Tube
William Coolidge and His Tube
X-Ray Film
Automatic Processing
Plate and Film Storage
Soviet Era X-Ray Audio
Fluoroscopy
X-Ray Television
Digital Radiography
Digital Fluoroscopy and Digital Subtraction Angiography
A Brief History of PACS
Teleradiology
Artificial Intelligence
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 7 Radiologically Guided Intervention
Imaging Informed Intervention
Imaging Guided Intervention
Pneumothorax Aspiration
Foreign Body Removal
Early Natural Orifice Interventions
Oesophageal Intervention
Large Bowel Intervention
Renal Tract Interventions
Modern Image Guided Intervention
The Birth of Modern Interventional Radiology
Further Development of Interventional Radiology
The Developing Scope of Interventional Radiology
Notes
Chapter 8 Contrast Media
Introduction
Types of Contrast Media
The Gastrointestinal Tract
The Renal Tract
Retrograde Pyelography/Pyeloureterography
Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
Contrast Media Design
Early Contrast Media
Low-Osmolar Contrast Media
Myelographic Agents
The Second-Generation Low-Osmolar Contrast Media
Non-ionic Dimers
The Graham Test and Biliary Contrast Agents
Angiography
Post-Mortem Angiography in Vienna
Egas Moniz and the Portuguese School of Angiography
Thorotrast in Angiography and Its Consequences
The Seldinger Technique and the Development of Catheter Angiography
Neuroradiology
Ventriculography, Encephalography, and Air Myelography
Myelographic Agents
Lipiodol
Myodil (Pantopaque)
Water-soluble Agents
Bronchography
Interstitial Air Studies
Retroperitoneal Air Studies
Presacral Perirenal Pneumography
Pneumomammography/Röntgen Pneumastasia
Diagnostic Pneumoperitoneum/Gynaecography
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 9 Radiology and Women
Women as Radiologists and Practitioners
Florence Ada Stoney (1870–1932)
Evangelia (Lia) Farmakidou (1890–1982)
Kathleen Clara Clark (1898–1968)
Radiological Protection Considerations for Women
The Thorascope and Breast Cancer
Alice Stewart and the Oxford Childhood Cancer Survey
Notes
Chapter 10 Tomography: Mechanical to Computed
A Premonition of Tomography
Classical Tomography
Axial Transverse Tomography
Pluri-directional Tomography
Tomosynthesis
Panoramic Dental Radiography
Computed Tomography
Allan Cormack
Other Workers
Godfrey Hounsfield
Electron Beam CT
Notes
Chapter 11 NMR to MRI
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Medical and Popular Magnetism
NMR to MRI
NMR Imaging
MRI and Anatomy
Conclusion
Notes
Chapter 12 The Future
The Environmental Impact of Modern Imaging
The Equitable Access to Medical Imaging
The Relationship of Image and Reality
The Nature of Modern Medicine
Wellness and Well-being
The Future of Intervention
The Future of Imaging
Phronesis and Conclusion
Notes
Index
