An introduction to normal, healthy physical development for professionals who specialize in working with children. Janet McGregor, an experienced nurse teacher, guides the reader through the key changes in body systems and functions from birth through adolescence. Topics covered include: the skeletal system; the nervous system; the cardiovascular system; the respiratory system; the renal system; the digestive system; the reproduction system; the immune system; and co-ordination of the systems. Each chapter ends with a scenario which encourages the student to apply the information provided to real-life situations and a question designed to extend, through further reading, the students' knowledge and understanding of the specific system. This introductory text has been written for nurses following the child branch of the DipHE in Nursing, for student midwives, health visitors and school nurses, for nursery nurses, and any person caring for children who aims to promote their healthy development.
Author(s): J. Macgregor
Edition: 1
Year: 2000
Language: English
Pages: 208
Book Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
List of illustrations......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
Child physical needs......Page 18
Child development theories......Page 19
The nature nurture debate......Page 20
Genetic inheritance......Page 21
A healthy environment......Page 22
The need for protective care......Page 23
The need for food......Page 26
The need for temperature control......Page 29
The need for activity and rest......Page 30
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 31
The skeletal system......Page 34
Embryology......Page 35
Genetic inheritance......Page 38
Hormones of growth......Page 40
Diet calcium for bone growth......Page 43
Changes in bone due to exercise......Page 44
Physical activity play......Page 45
Body shape changes......Page 46
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 49
The nervous system......Page 52
Brain growth embryology......Page 53
Nerve growth......Page 54
The eye......Page 57
The ear......Page 58
Birth onwards......Page 59
The nerves......Page 60
Reflexes......Page 61
Psychological maturation......Page 63
Sleep......Page 65
Temperature control......Page 68
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 70
The cardiovascular system......Page 72
Heart embryology......Page 73
Circulation changes in the heart at birth......Page 76
Changes in the cardiovascular system in childhood......Page 77
Exercise and cardiovascular function......Page 79
Children's blood......Page 81
Common blood tests......Page 82
Routine diet supplement......Page 83
The respiratory system......Page 86
Embryology......Page 87
Surfactant......Page 88
The lungs at birth......Page 89
Baby breathing......Page 90
Apnoea......Page 91
Respiratory resuscitation......Page 92
The small child's breathing......Page 95
Respiration during exercise......Page 96
Sleep and breathing......Page 99
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 102
The renal system......Page 104
Embryology......Page 105
The kidney and urine production at birth......Page 106
Fluid requirements in the first week......Page 108
Continence......Page 109
Bed wetting enuresis......Page 111
Water balance......Page 112
Urine......Page 113
Dehydration......Page 116
Replacement of body electrolytes by diet......Page 117
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 118
The digestive system......Page 120
Embryology......Page 121
The stomach......Page 124
The gut......Page 127
Weaning......Page 128
Failure to thrive......Page 129
Calorie needs as basic metabolic rate (BMR) changes......Page 130
Teeth......Page 131
Liver maturation......Page 132
Bowels......Page 133
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 136
The reproductive system......Page 138
Embryology......Page 139
Changes at birth......Page 141
Body composition and sex differences......Page 142
Changes in the reproductive system at puberty......Page 144
Exercise and secondary amenorrhea......Page 149
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 150
The immune system......Page 152
Protection from micro-organisms......Page 153
Acquisition of immunity......Page 154
Stress......Page 159
Immunisation......Page 163
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 166
Coordinating the systems......Page 168
Thyroid gland effect in growth......Page 169
Foetal growth......Page 170
The school-aged child......Page 171
Vision......Page 172
Hearing......Page 173
Weight......Page 174
Height......Page 175
The role of the thyroid in all tissue development......Page 176
The importance of the hypothalamus in linking the physical with the psychological person......Page 179
The happiness factor......Page 180
Physiology knowledge in practice......Page 183
Glossary......Page 186
Bibliography......Page 190
Index......Page 200
