The growing demand of space services for imaging, mobile communication, global positioning systems and disaster management, life extension of satellites by fueling, space station operations, deflecting incoming asteroids, and reducing debris from orbits, requires reusable rockets. The chapters in the book cover understanding of the universe, history of rockets, space missions, satellites, the principle of rocketry, its design and development, rocket technology, the solar system, the environment and protection of earth, and thoughts on Earth 2.0.
Features:
- Explores the link between universe, space exploration, and rocketry.
- Discusses topics such as protection of the Earth from asteroids, debris, and global warming.
- Includes basic methodology to be adopted to design rockets for various applications.
- Covers use of multi-objective optimisation to realise a system and differences in design philosophies for satellite launch.
- Examines material on environmental protection of the Earth.
This book is aimed at senior undergraduates and professionals in aerospace engineering.
Author(s): A. Sivathanu Pillai
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 248
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
About the Author
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
2. Origin of the Universe
Verse from the Ancient India
Hindu Puranas
Great Indian Saints (Scientists)
Emerging New Scientific Thoughts on the Universe
General Theory of Relativity
Einstein's Equations
Proving Einstein's Theory
Proved Einstein's Theories
Gravitational Lensing
Gravitational Waves
Cosmology
Big Bang Theory
CERN - Finding the GOD Particle
Universe after BIG BANG
The Redshift - Our Expanding Universe
Fundamental Physical Forces
Gravity
Electromagnetic Force
The Weak Nuclear Force
The Strong Nuclear Force
Unifying Nature
Braneworld
Muons
String Theory
Stellar Evolution - Lifecycle of a Star
Black Hole
Dark Energy and Dark Matter
What the Universe Is Made Of
Dark Energy
Background to Dark Energy
Burst of Supernova
The Dynamics of Universe - It Will Never Shrink
New Dimension
Dark Matter
Multi-Universe
Milkyway and Solar System
Solar System and Planets
KEPLER'S LAWS - Orbits of Planets
The Blue Dot - The Earth
Origin of Earth
Life on Earth
Future of Earth
Exoplanets
Data to Remember
3. Brief History of Rockets
Early Understanding
Chinese Fire Arrows
First Metal Rockets from India
Birth of Modern Rocketry
Pioneer of Cosmonautics: Equation
Early Rocket Designs
Tsiolkovsky, the Father of Astronautics
Tsiolkovsky's Rocket Equation
Robert H Goddard (1882-1945)
Hermann Oberth (1894-1989)
Space Odyssey
Orbiting Satellite
Yuri Gagarin
Man on Moon
Space Shuttle
Space Stations
China's Tiangong Space Station
Satellites in Brief (Details in Separate Chapter)
Earth Observation Satellites
Communication, Navigation
Satellite Launch Vehicles
ISRO
Launch Vehicles of the World
World Rockets at a Glance
4. Rocket Principles
What Is a Rocket? Basic Rocket Science
Principle
Newton's Laws of Motion
Newton's First Law - "The Law of Inertia"
Newton's Second Law - "F = ma"
Newton's Third Law - "The Law of Action and Reaction"
Forces on a Rocket during Initial Flight
Centre of Gravity and Centre of Pressure
The Rocket Equation
Thrust of Rocket
Acceleration
Total Impulse
Specific Impulse
Incremental Velocity - The Ideal Rocket Equation (ref. NASA)
Valid Assumptions for an Ideal Rocket
Staging/Multistage Rockets
5. Rocket Systems Development
Rocket Subsystems and Components
Propulsion
Solid Propellant Rocket
Large Solid Propellant Booster
Burn Rate
Liquid Propellant Rockets
Pressure-Fed System
Types of Liquid Propulsion
Cryogenic Rocket Engines (LOX + LH2)
Semi-cryogenic Rocket Engines
ISRO Semi-cryogenic Engine (SCE-200)
Liquid Ramjet Propulsion
Supersonic-Combustion Ramjet (Scramjet)
Scramjet Research
Mach Number vs. Specific Impulse
Re-usability of Booster
Structure
Mass Fraction
Materials
Upper Stages
Casing for Liquid Propellant Stages
Aluminam-Lithium Casing for Falcon 9 (2010)
Control System
Types of Control
Different Types of Controls
Control for PSLV Type LV
Satellite Attitude Control
Flex Nozzle
Navigation and Guidance
Function
Inertial Guidance System
SINS (Stabilised Platform INS)
Guidance Sensors Accuracy and Applications
6. Rocket Design Methodology, Test and Evaluation, World Launch Sites
Launch Vehicle Design Methodology
SLV-3
Launch Vehicle Design - A Simplified Form
Rocket Systems
Check-Out
Control System
Guidance
Trajectory Design
Sequence of Tasks before Flight
Development of Design and Operations Software for SLV-3
Trajectory design of ISRO's Mars Mission
Geo Centric Phase
Helio-Centric Phase
Martian Phase
Human Mission to Mars (Inter Planetary Travel)
Wind Tunnel Testing and CFD
The Final Choice is Space Launch System (SLS) for Moon, Mars
Van Allen Radiation Belts
World Launch Sites
7. Satellites, Orbits and Missions
Satellite
Sputnik-1 and the Dawn of the Space Age
Importance of Satellites
Orbit
Orbital Velocity of Satellite
Minimum Orbit - First Cosmic Velocity
Satellite Orbits
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
Polar Orbit
Geo Stationary Orbit (Arthur C. Clarke Orbit)
Velocity Requirement for Orbits and Escape from Earth
Satellites in Orbit
Mission Planning
Satellite Applications
Earth Observation Satellites
Navigation
Indian Regional Navigation Satellite Systems (IRNSS) - NavIC
Small Satellites
Space Environment Hazards
Private Space Operators
Space-X
Starlink
Star Ship
Blue Origin
Other Types of Satellites
Human Space Missions
8. Advances in Space Technologies
Can We Travel Faster than Light?
Electric Propulsion
The Need
Types of Electric Propulsion
Electrothermal Engine
Resitojet
Electromagnetic/Plasma Engine
MHD Engine
Electrostatic Thrusters
Ion Thruster
Hall Effect Thruster
HET Principle of Operation
Propellants
Xenon
Krypton
Cylindrical Hall Thrusters
External Discharge Hall Thruster
Nanotechnology in Electric Propulsion Thrusters
Magneto Plasma Rocket Propulsion (NASA)
Nuclear Propulsion Rockets for Space Missions
A NERVA Solid-core Design
Liquid Core
Gas Core - Closed Cycle and Open Cycle Figure 8.9
Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rockets
Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP)
Laser Propulsion
Solar and Laser Powered Interstellar Sail
Hypersonic Transportation
Low-Cost Access to Space
Clean Energy Through Space
Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Spacecraft Development
Autonomous Systems
NASA's Autonomous Science Experiment
Artificial Intelligence Flight Adviser
Stereo Vision for Collision Avoidance
Benefits of AI
Robotic Spacecraft Development
Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators
Establish Lunar Industry
Space Frontiers
9. Environment: Protection of Earth and Sustainable Development
Challenges for the Space Community
Threats from Outer Space
Protection of Earth from Risky Asteroids
Asteroids Collision Avoidance Strategies
Clearing the Space Debris
New Business Venture
Space Systems Awareness and Comprehensive Space Security
Space Weather
Man-Contributed Threats on Land
Population Increase
Global Warming
Consequences of Global Warming
Ozone Depletion
CO2 Concentration
Temperature Increase
Temperature Profile
Positive Actions
Geospatial Technologies for Sustainable Development and Empowerment
Agriculture
Precision Farming
Basic Technologies Used in Precision Farming
Information on Growth Stages
Field Zoning Based on the Productivity Level
Internet of Things
Geographic Information Systems
Fishing
Water and Land Resources
Bhuvan - A Unique Gateway to Indian Earth Observation Data and Services
Geo-Spatial Pyramid
Clean Energy Generation
10. Exoplanets, Earth 2.0
Exoplanets in Liveable Zones
KEPLER-186f
KEPLER-62f
KEPLER-62e
KEPLER-69c
KEPLER-22b
TRAPPIST-1
Probable Earth 2.0
TRAPPIST-1 Planets
Proxima b
TOI 700 d
Epilogue
Need for Global Space Vision for Saving Earth
Glossary
References
References (Alphabetical Order)
BOOKS
Index
