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Introduction to Radar Analysis

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Introduction to Radar Analysis, Second Edition is a major revision of the popular textbook. It is written within the context of communication theory as well as the theory of signals and noise. By emphasizing principles and fundamentals, the textbook serves as a vital source for students and engineers.

Part I bridges the gap between communication, signal analysis, and radar. Topics include modulation techniques and associated Continuous Wave (CW) and pulsed radar systems.

Part II is devoted to radar signal processing and pulse compression techniques.

Part III presents special topics in radar systems including radar detection, radar clutter, target tracking, phased arrays, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).

Many new exercise are included and the author provides comprehensive easy-to-follow mathematical derivations of all key equations and formulas.

The author has worked extensively for the U.S. Army, the U.S. Space and Missile Command, and other military agencies. This is not just a textbook for senior level and graduates students, but a valuable tool for practicing radar engineers.

Features

    • Authored by a leading industry radar professional.

    • Comprehensive up-to-date coverage of radar systems analysis issues.

    • Easy to follow mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas

    • Numerous graphical plots and table format outputs. One part of the book is dedicated to radar waveforms and radar signal processing.

    Author(s): Bassem R. Mahafza
    Series: Advances in Applied Mathematics
    Edition: 2
    Publisher: CRC Press/Chapman & Hall
    Year: 2017

    Language: English
    Pages: 460
    City: Boca Raton

    Cover
    Half Title
    Title Page
    Dedication
    Table of Contents
    Preface
    PART I: Signals, Systems, Modulation Techniques, and Basic Radar Concepts
    Chapter 1: Introduction
    The General Communication System
    The General Radar System
    Comparison of the Two Systems
    Chapter 2: Signals and Systems
    Signal Classifications
    The Fourier Transform
    Systems Classifications
    Linear and Nonlinear Systems
    Time Invariant and Time Varying Systems
    Stable and Nonstable Systems
    Causal and Noncausal Systems
    The Fourier Series
    Convolution and Correlation Integrals
    Energy and Power Spectrum Densities
    Lowpass, Bandpass Signals and Quadrature Components
    The Analytic Signal (Pre-envelope)
    Random Variables
    Random Processes
    Discrete Time Systems and Signals
    Sampling Theorem
    The Z-Transform
    The Discrete Fourier Transform
    Discrete Power Spectrum
    Windowing Techniques
    Problems
    Appendix 2-A: Fourier Transform Pairs
    Appendix 2-B: Common Probability Densities
    Appendix 2-C: Z-Transform Pairs
    Chapter 3: Modulation Techniques
    Introduction
    Amplitude Modulation - Suppressed Carrier
    Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation - Large Carrier
    Single Sideband Amplitude Modulation
    Frequency Modulation
    Spectra of a Few Common Radar Signals
    Continuous Wave Signal - Unmodulated
    Finite Duration Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation
    Periodic Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation
    Finite Duration Pulse Train Signal - Amplitude Modulation
    Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) Signal
    Problems
    Chapter 4: Radar Systems - Basic Concepts
    Radar Classifications
    Range Measurements
    Unambiguous Range
    Range Resolution
    Doppler Frequency
    Coherence
    Radar Wave Propagation
    Earth’s Atmosphere
    Atmospheric Models
    Index of Refraction in the Troposphere
    Index of Refraction in the Ionosphere
    Four-Third Earth Model
    Target Height Equation
    Ground Reflection
    Smooth Surface Reflection Coefficient
    Divergence
    Rough Surface Reflection
    Total Reflection Coefficient
    Multipath Effects
    Atmospheric Attenuation
    Attenuation Due to Precipitation
    Problems
    Chapter 5: The Radar Equation
    The Radar Range Equation
    Low PRF Radar Equation
    High PRF Radar Equation
    Surveillance Radar Equation
    Radar Equation With Jamming
    Self-Screening Jammers (SSJ)
    Stand-Off Jammers (SOJ)
    Bistatic Radar Equation
    Radar Cross Section (RCS)
    Target Scintillation
    Noise Figure
    Radar Losses
    Transmit and Receive Losses
    Antenna Pattern Loss and Scan Loss
    Atmospheric Loss
    Collapsing Loss
    Processing Losses
    Radar Reference Range
    Pulse Integration
    Coherent Integration
    Non-Coherent Integration
    Detection Range with Pulse Integration
    Design Exercises
    Problems
    PART II: Frequency Modulation Radar Systems
    Chapter 6: Continuous Wave and Pulsed Radars
    Continuous Wave (CW) Radar
    Functional Block Diagram
    Linear FM (LFM) CW Radar
    Multiple Frequency CW Radar
    Effect of FM Transmitter Noise on the Receiver
    Pulsed Radar
    Pulse Doppler Radar Signal Processing
    Resolving Range Ambiguity
    Resolving Doppler Ambiguity
    Problems
    Chapter 7: The Matched Filter Receiver and the Ambiguity Function
    The Matched Filter Receiver
    White Noise Case
    The Replica
    General Formula for the Output of the Matched Filter
    Stationary Target Case
    Moving Target Case
    Ambiguity Function
    Examples of the Ambiguity Function
    Single Pulse Ambiguity Function
    LFM Ambiguity Function
    Approximation of the Ambiguity Contours
    Phase Coded Ambiguity Function
    Discrete Code Signal Representation
    Phase Coding
    Problems
    Chapter 8: Pulse Compression
    Time-Bandwidth Product
    Basic Principle of Pulse Compression
    Correlation Processor
    Stretch Processor
    Single LFM Pulse
    Problems
    PART III: Special Topics in Radar Systems
    Chapter 9: Radar Clutter
    Clutter Definition
    Surface Clutter
    Radar Equation for Area Clutter - Airborne Radar
    Volume Clutter
    Radar Equation for Volume Clutter
    Surface Clutter RCS
    Clutter Components
    Clutter Backscatter Coefficient Statistical Models
    Surface Clutter Case
    Volume Clutter Case
    Problems
    Chapter 10: Moving Target Indicator
    Clutter Power Spectrum Density
    Concept of a Moving Target Indicator
    Single Delay Line Canceler
    Double Delay Line Canceler
    Delay Lines with Feedback (Recursive Filters)
    PRF Staggering
    MTI Improvement Factor
    Two-Pulse MTI Case
    Subclutter Visibility
    Delay Line Cancelers with Optimal Weights
    Phase Noise
    Problems
    Chapter 11: Radar Detection
    Single Pulse with Known Parameters
    Single Pulse with Known Amplitude and Unknown Phase
    Probability of False Alarm
    Probability of Detection
    Pulse Integration
    Coherent Integration
    Non-coherent Integration
    Improvement Factor and Integration Loss
    Target Fluctuation; The Chi-Square Family of Targets
    Cumulative Probability of Detection
    M-out-of-N Detection
    The Radar Equation Revisited
    Problems
    Chapter 12: Target Tracking
    Angle Tracking
    Sequential Lobing
    Conical Scan
    Amplitude Comparison Monopulse
    Phase Comparison Monopulse
    Range Tracking
    Track-While-Scan (TWS)
    State Variable Representation of an LTI System
    The LTI System of Interest
    Fixed-Gain Tracking Filters
    The αβ Filter
    The αβγ Filter
    The Kalman Filter
    Relationship between Kalman and αβγ Filters
    Radar Measurement Errors
    Problems
    Chapter 13: Phase Array Antennas
    Directivity, Power, Gain, and Effective Aperture
    Near and Far Fields
    General Arrays
    Linear Arrays
    Array Tapering
    Computation of the Radiation Pattern Via the DFT
    Planar Arrays
    Rectangular Grid Arrays
    Circular Grid Arrays
    Concentric Grid Circular Arrays
    Rectangular Grid with Circular Boundary Arrays
    Hexagonal Grid Arrays
    Array Scan Loss
    Problems
    Chapter 14: Synthetic Aperture Radar
    Introduction
    Real Versus Synthetic Arrays
    Side Looking SAR Geometry
    SAR Design Considerations
    SAR Radar Equation
    SAR Signal Processing
    Side Looking SAR Doppler Processing
    SAR Imaging Using Doppler Processing
    Range Walk
    Problems
    Chapter 15: Textbook Radar Design Case Study
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #1
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #2
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #3
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #4
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #5
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #6
    Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #7
    Bibliography
    Index