Introduction to Micro- and Nanooptics

Content: Introduction to Micro- and Nanooptics
How to Study This Textbook
Contents
Preface
List of Symbols
Acknowledgment
1 Preliminaries
1.1 Complex Numbers
1.2 Fourier Transformation
1.2.1 Basic Fourier Rules
1.3 Maxwell's Equations
1.4 Boundary Conditions
1.4.1 Method of Stationary Phase
Questions
Problems
Further Reading
2 Light Propagation
2.1 Wave Equation
2.2 Solutions of the Wave Equation
2.2.1 Plane Waves
2.3 Vectorial Description of Plane Waves
2.3.1 Spherical Waves
2.3.2 Waves and Rays of Light
2.4 The Time-Independent Wave Equation
2.5 Paraxial Wave Equation. 2.6 Gaussian Beams2.7 The Angular Spectrum
2.8 Light Propagation in Terms of the Angular Spectrum
2.9 Evanescent Fields
2.10 Free-Space and Waveguide Propagation
2.10.1 Free-Space Optics
2.10.2 Waveguide Optics
Questions
Problems
Further Reading
3 Light as Carrier of Information and Energy
3.1 Poynting Vector and Flow of Energy in a Wave Field
3.1.1 Single Plane Wave
3.1.2 Optical Intensity
3.1.3 Tilted Plane Wave
3.1.4 Two Interfering Plane Waves
3.1.5 Multimodal Wave Field
3.1.6 Poynting Vector of a Gaussian Beam Near the Focus
3.1.7 Power Flow through a Circular Aperture. 3.2 Flow of Information in a Wave Field3.2.1 Space-Bandwidth Product of a One-Dimensional Gaussian Function
3.2.2 Space-Bandwidth Product of a Two-Dimensional Gaussian Beam Profile
3.2.3 M2-Parameter of Laser Beams
3.A Appendix: Minimal Value of the Space-Bandwidth Product
Questions
Problems
Further Reading
4 Light Propagation in Free Space
4.1 Transmission of a Wave Field through an Object
4.1.1 Kirchhoff Approximation for Thin Objects
4.1.2 Thin and Thick Phase Objects
4.1.3 Transmission Properties of a Thin Lens
4.2 Propagation Between Objects. 4.2.1 Huygens-Fresnel-Kirchhoff Diffraction Theory4.2.2 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld-Debye Diffraction Theory
4.2.3 Paraxial Approximation of the Huygens-Fresnel Diffraction Integral
4.3 Diffraction at a Single Slit
4.4 Near-Field Diffraction
4.4.1 Near-Field Diffraction in Polar Coordinates
4.4.2 Axial Field Distribution and McCutchen's Theorem
4.5 Examples for Near-Field Diffraction
4.5.1 Near-Field Diffraction at a Linear Grating (Talbot Effect)
4.5.2 Near-Field Diffraction at a Ring Aperture of Infinitesimal Width
4.5.3 Near-Field Diffraction at a Circular Aperture. 4.6 Far-Field Diffraction and Optical Fourier Transformation4.6.1 Far-Field Diffraction in Polar Coordinates
4.7 Examples of Far-Field Diffraction
4.7.1 Far-Field Diffraction at a Rectangular Aperture
4.7.2 Far-Field Diffraction at a Circular Aperture
4.7.3 Far-Field Diffraction at a Gaussian Aperture (Apodization)
4.7.4 Far-Field Diffraction at a Linear Grating
4.7.5 Grating Diffraction in k-space
4.8 Optical Imaging
4.8.1 4f Setup
4.9 Lens Performance
4.9.1 Diffraction Limit and Resolution
4.9.2 Aberrations
4.9.3 Quality Criteria
4.9.4 Scaling Laws of Optical Systems
Questions.