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Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene : Properties, Catalysts, and Processes

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This concise primer reviews the history of polyethylene and introduces basic features and nomenclatures for this versatile polymer. Catalysts and cocatalysts crucial to the production of polyethylene are discussed in the first few chapters. Latter chapters provide an introduction to the processes used to manufacture polyethylene and discuss matters related to downstream applications of polyethylene such as rheology, Read more...

Author(s): Malpass, Dennis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2010

Language: English
Pages: 150
Tags: Химия и химическая промышленность;Высокомолекулярные соединения;


Content: Cover13; --
Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene --
Contents --
Preface --
List of Tables --
List of Figures --
Chapter 1 Introduction to Polymers of Ethylene --
1.1 Genesis of Polyethylene --
1.2 Basic Description of Polyethylene --
1.3 Types and Nomenclature of Polyethylenes --
1.4 Molecular Weight of Polyethylenes --
1.5 Transition Metal Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization --
Chapter 2 Free Radical Polymerization of Ethylene --
2.1 Introduction --
2.2 Free Radical Polymerization of Ethylene --
2.3 Organic Peroxide Initiators --
Chapter 3 Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.1 A Brief History of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.2 Definitions and Nomenclature --
3.3 Characteristics of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.4 Early Commercial Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.5 Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.6 Prepolymerized Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
3.7 Mechanism of Ziegler-Natta Polymerization --
Chapter 4 Metal Alkyls in Polyethylene Catalyst Systems --
4.1 Introduction --
4.2 Aluminum Alkyls in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
4.2.1 Reducing Agent for the Transition Metal --
4.2.2 Alkylating Agent for Creation of Active Centers --
4.2.3 Scavenger of Catalyst Poisons --
4.2.4 Chain Transfer Agent --
4.3 Magnesium Alkyls in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts --
4.3.1 R2Mg for Production of Supports --
4.3.2 R2Mg as Reducing Agent --
4.4 Lithium Alkyls --
4.5 Organoboron Compounds --
4.6 Zinc Alkyls --
4.7 Safety and Handling of Metal Alkyls --
Chapter 5 Chromium Catalysts --
5.1 Chromium Catalysts Supported on Metal Oxides --
5.2 Basic Chemistry of Phillips Catalysts --
5.3 Generations of Phillips Catalysts --
5.4 Union Carbide Chromium Catalysts --
5.5 Mechanism of Polymerization with Supported Chromium Catalysts --
Chapter 6 Single Site Catalysts --
6.1 Introduction --
6.2 Metallocene Single Site Catalysts --
6.2.1 Non-metallocene Single Site Catalysts --
6.3 Cocatalysts for Single Site Catalysts --
6.3.1 Methylaluminoxanes --
6.3.2 Arylboranes --
6.3.3 Other Cocatalysts for Single Site Catalysts --
6.4 Mechanism of Polymerization with Single Site Catalysts --
Chapter 7 An Overview of Industrial Polyethylene Processes --
7.1 Introduction --
7.2 High Pressure Processes --
7.2.1 Autoclave Process --
7.2.2 Tubular Process --
7.3 Slurry (Suspension) Process --
7.4 Gas Phase Process --
7.5 Solution Process --
7.6 Combined Processes --
Chapter 8 Downstream Aspects of Polyethylene --
8.1 Introduction --
8.2 Additives --
8.3 Melt Processing --
8.4 Markets --
8.5 Environmental --
Glossary --
Trade Name Index --
Index
Abstract:
This concise primer reviews the history of polyethylene and introduces basic features and nomenclatures for this versatile polymer. Catalysts and cocatalysts crucial to the production of polyethylene Read more...