Introduction to E-commerce (Tsinghua University Texts)

Cover......Page 1
Introduction to E-commerce......Page 3
ISBN 3540496440......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 9
Part 1 Fundamentals......Page 16
1 Fundamentals of E-commerce......Page 17
1.1.1 The Origin and Development of E-commerce......Page 18
1.1.2 The Definitions of E-commerce......Page 21
1.1.3 E-commerce in China......Page 23
2. “Three Golden Projects” carried out by governments in 1993 1997 establish, the foundation of e-commerce......Page 24
4. The pragmatic development phase in 2000......Page 25
1.2 Influence of Related Basic Sciences on E-commerce......Page 28
1. Probability model......Page 29
2. Queuing theory model......Page 30
3. Nonlinear dynamic model......Page 31
4. Graph theory model......Page 32
1.2.2 The Impact of Computer Science Upon the E-commerce......Page 34
1.2.3 Impact of Communications Science upon the E-commerce......Page 35
1.2.4 The Impact of Management Science upon E-commerce......Page 37
1.3 Categories of the E-commerce......Page 38
1. Volume of business transaction of B2B takes up the majority of the total trading volume in e-commerce......Page 39
5. E-commerce of B2B is more mature in both theory and practice......Page 40
1.3.2 B2C......Page 41
1. Online subscription categories......Page 42
3. Online donation categories......Page 43
1.3.3 B2G......Page 44
1.3.4 G2G......Page 46
2. The electronic taxation......Page 49
1.3.5 C2C......Page 50
1.4.1 Portal of the Network......Page 53
1.4.2 Customer Relationship Management......Page 56
Client Intelligence (CI)......Page 57
1.4.3 Supply Chain Management......Page 59
1. SCM Pattern......Page 60
3. Components of SCM......Page 61
1.4.4 Logistic Management......Page 62
1.4.5 Decision Support......Page 65
1.5.1 Technical Environment......Page 69
5. Public policies, laws and privacy......Page 70
1.5.2 Legal Environment......Page 71
3. Problems in the electronicization of banks......Page 72
1. Pattern of market operation and legislation guide......Page 73
2. Pattern of government-driven and direct supervision......Page 74
1.5.4 Financial Environment......Page 76
1. Financial service in e-commerce era......Page 77
2. Online financial services......Page 78
1.6.1 The Origin of M-commerce......Page 79
1.6.2 M-commerce Components......Page 81
1.6.3 The Development of M-commerce......Page 83
1.6.4 The Application of M-commerce......Page 85
1.7 Summary......Page 87
References......Page 88
Part 2 Technology......Page 91
2 E-commerce Supporting Technologies......Page 92
2.1.1 Web Technology......Page 93
2.1.3 XML......Page 94
1. Platform-independent......Page 96
5. Robust......Page 97
2.2.1 TCP/IP Protocols......Page 98
2.2.2 HTTP Communication Protocol......Page 99
2.2.3 EDI Communication Protocol......Page 101
2.2.4 WAP Communication Protocol......Page 104
2.2.5 WLAN Protocol......Page 107
1. IEEE 802.11X......Page 108
3. HomeRF......Page 110
2.2.6 Bluetooth Protocol......Page 111
2.3.1 Global Positioning System (GPS)......Page 115
2.3.2 Geographical Information System (GIS)......Page 118
2.3.3 Decision Supporting System (DSS)......Page 119
2.3.4 Group Decision Supporting System (GDSS)......Page 122
2.3.5 Intelligent Decision Supporting System (IDSS)......Page 124
2.4 Summary......Page 125
References......Page 126
3 Payment Technologies for E-commerce......Page 128
3.1.1 The Development of Online Banks......Page 129
1. Commercial banking business......Page 132
3.1.3 Online Banking Technologies......Page 133
3.2.1 E-payment System......Page 136
3.2.2 Intelligent Card......Page 137
3.2.3 E-check......Page 139
3.2.4 E-wallet......Page 140
3.2.5 E-cash......Page 143
References......Page 145
4.1 Introduction to Security Problems in E-commerce......Page 148
4.2 Reliability of E-commerce System......Page 150
4.3 Data Encryption Technology......Page 152
4.3.1 Symmetric Encryption System......Page 153
4.3.2 Public Key Encryption Algorithm......Page 155
4.3.3 Mixed Encryption Technology......Page 156
4.4.1 Sign the Document with Public Key Algorithm......Page 157
4.4.2 Signature with One-way Hash Function and Public Key System......Page 158
4.5.1 Digital Authentication Technology......Page 159
2. Iris Authentication......Page 160
5. Palmprint Authentication......Page 161
7. Manual Signature Authentication......Page 162
4.6.1 Introduction to Firewall......Page 163
1. Defending function......Page 164
3. Management function......Page 165
1. Packet filtering firewall......Page 166
3. Hybrid firewall......Page 167
4.7.1 Introduction to Intrusion Detection......Page 168
1. Technical classification......Page 170
2. Commonly used detection methods......Page 171
4.8.1 SSL Protocol......Page 172
4.8.2 SET Protocol......Page 176
References......Page 179
Part 3 Management......Page 182
5 E-commerce and the Law......Page 183
2. The offer and acceptance in e-contracts......Page 184
4. The signature......Page 185
6. The evidence effect of e-commerce documents......Page 186
9. The submission of originals......Page 187
1. Elements of electronic fund transfer......Page 188
2. Procedures in electronic fund transfer......Page 189
5. The unity of Certification Authority (CA) and payment gateway......Page 190
The definition of the subjects in the electronic fund transfer......Page 191
5.4.1 Legal Problems Brought forth by Domain Names......Page 192
2. The legal conflict between domain names and enterprise name rights......Page 193
3. The legal conflict between domain names and trademark rights......Page 194
2. Establish the communication and coordination channel between the domain name registration mechanism and the legal system of intellectual property protection......Page 195
3. Proposals concerning domain names by the international community......Page 196
3. Measures concerning uniqueness......Page 197
5.4.4 Copyright Issues in E-commerce......Page 198
3. Copyright protection of databases......Page 199
1. Security elements in e-commerce......Page 200
5.5.2 Legal Systems Concerning the E-commerce Security......Page 201
5.6.1 Impacts of E-commerce on Consumers......Page 203
4. Responsibility cognizance......Page 204
5.6.2 E-commerce and Consumer Privacy Protection......Page 205
2. Legal strategies to protect consumer privacy by all countries and international organizations......Page 206
1. Concept of civil liability in e-commerce......Page 207
4. Torts of violation of e-commerce laws......Page 209
5. Several major torts in violation of personal privacy......Page 210
1. Administrative liability in e-commerce......Page 211
4. Administrative liability about customer rights protection in e-commerce......Page 212
2. Crimes and criminal responsibilities in e-commerce......Page 213
4. Blind area of current criminal law......Page 214
5.8 Brief Introduction to the "Electronic Signature Law of the PRC"......Page 215
References......Page 217
6 E-commerce and Tax......Page 219
2. The concept of tax jurisdiction......Page 220
6.2 Features of E-commerce Tax......Page 222
1. Problems concerning international tax distribution and domestic tax revenue......Page 223
2. Restatement about the taxation......Page 224
3. Taxation Jurisdiction......Page 226
4. Common matters in domestic e-commerce......Page 227
6.4 E-commerce and Tax Administration......Page 230
2. The US perspective......Page 232
4. Canada......Page 234
8. The strategy of e-commerce taxation in our country......Page 237
References......Page 239
7 Network Enterprise Management......Page 240
7.1.1 Background and Basic Characteristics of Network Enterprises......Page 241
7.1.2 Knowledge Management......Page 242
7.1.3 Virtual Enterprise......Page 249
7.2.1 Overview of Supply Chain Management......Page 252
7.2.2 Construction of Supply Chain Management......Page 253
7.2.3 Cooperation Management of Supply Chain......Page 255
7.3.1 Logistics Management Overview......Page 257
7.3.2 Environmental Logistics......Page 262
7.3.3 The Third Party Logistics......Page 267
7.4.1 Overview of Human Resources Management......Page 272
7.4.2 Realization of Human Resources Management......Page 275
3. Network function and self-service......Page 276
8. System security......Page 277
References......Page 279
Part 4 Practice......Page 281
8 E-commerce Architecture and System Design......Page 282
8.1.1 Infrastructure......Page 283
8.1.2 Data Flow of Infrastructure......Page 284
1. A sends a business request to C......Page 286
2. C accepts A’s Request, and prepares to start agent to search the appropriate entity B......Page 287
3. C sends a response to A, and starts an agent to search the appropriate entity B at the same time......Page 288
4. Start payment process......Page 289
1. Reachability......Page 290
3. Conservativeness......Page 291
6. Common optimizing models......Page 292
3. Collision relation......Page 293
4. Concurrent relation......Page 294
1. OSI security architecture......Page 295
2. E-commerce security factor......Page 296
8.3.1 E-commerce and Online Payment......Page 299
1. Cardholder register and apply......Page 300
2. Purchase request......Page 301
4. Receiving the purchase response by the cardholder......Page 303
5. Getting Payment......Page 304
8.4.1 Architecture of E-commerce Application System Software......Page 305
1. Basic system model......Page 306
2. Software architecture......Page 307
8.4.2 Design Method of Application E-commerce System......Page 309
1. Client......Page 310
2. Web application server......Page 311
References......Page 312
9 Portal Site Design of Virtual Enterprise......Page 315
4. Can tie up with customers......Page 316
9.2.1 Virtual Shop Mode......Page 317
9.2.2 Virtual Shop Design......Page 318
9.2.3 Implementation of Virtual Shop......Page 319
2. Information grouping......Page 320
4. Relation among tables......Page 321
2. Inquiry Example......Page 322
2. Implementation technology of online shopping cart......Page 323
1. Design ideology of online shopping cart based on database technology......Page 324
2. Implementation of online shopping cart based on database technology......Page 325
9.5.1 Processing Flow of Order......Page 327
3. Storage distribution......Page 328
1. Payment gateway technology......Page 330
1. Grouping result function......Page 332
3. Defined variables in SQL*Plus......Page 334
1. Classification of optimization......Page 335
2. Optimization skill......Page 336
1. Key technology of call center......Page 337
2. Construction solution to call center......Page 338
1. Effect of electronic mail list on enterprise......Page 339
6. Mail order service......Page 340
9.8 Release Technology of Web Database......Page 341
References......Page 344
10 Computer System Integration and E-commerce......Page 347
10.1.1 Production and Development of System Integration......Page 348
10.1.2 Principle of System Integration......Page 350
1. Method of server integration......Page 351
2. Integration of server......Page 353
3. Integration of high performance server......Page 355
1. Integration of LAN......Page 357
2. WAN integration......Page 359
3. Integration of high speed network......Page 360
1. Synchronous replication......Page 363
2. Asynchronous replication......Page 364
3. Brokering Application......Page 366
4. Application-to-application B2B......Page 367
1. Security protocol of Internet......Page 371
2. Main secure protocol of Internet—SSL security protocol......Page 372
4. Secure Hyper Text Transmission Protocol (SHTTP)......Page 373
6. UN/EDIFACT standard......Page 374
1. Integration based on C/S......Page 375
2. Integration based on B/S......Page 376
3. Integration based on distributed three-layer model......Page 379
References......Page 381
Part 5 E-commerce Application......Page 384
11 E-commerce and International Trade......Page 385
11.1.1 The International Trade Calls for the Emergence of E-commerce......Page 386
11.1.2 E-commerce Promotes the Development of the International Trade......Page 390
11.1.3 E-commerce Brings about Changes to the International Trade......Page 392
11.2 Applying E-commerce to International Trade......Page 393
11.2.1 Using E-commerce Technology to Obtain Commercial Information......Page 394
2. Applications in inspection......Page 395
7. Applications in export paperwork......Page 396
2. Application in the international service trade......Page 397
3. Applications in international financial trade......Page 398
11.3 E-commerce and International Trade Network Marketing......Page 399
11.3.1 The Foundation of Internet Marketing......Page 400
1. E-mail......Page 401
2. Search engine......Page 402
3. Log File......Page 403
4. Mail List......Page 404
1. The stage of understanding Internet......Page 406
2. Network marketing stage......Page 407
11.4.1 The International Trade Business Analysis......Page 409
11.4.2 Frame of international Trade E-commerce System......Page 412
11.4.3 International Trade E-commerce System Design......Page 414
11.4.4 EDI-based International Trade E-commerce System......Page 415
11.5 Summary......Page 417
References......Page 418
12 Network Application Psychology......Page 419
1. Comment of philosophy on psychology......Page 420
2. Localization of application psychology......Page 421
12.1.1 Appearance of Network Application Psychology......Page 423
1. Network society and psychology......Page 424
2. Network and psychology......Page 425
1. Attention should be paid to the importance of network application psychology......Page 426
2. Significance of network application psychology research......Page 427
2. Form of network interaction......Page 430
3. Characteristics of network interaction......Page 432
4. Form of network interaction in realistic society......Page 433
1. The need of acquiring information, help and study......Page 437
2. The need of Emotional Interaction and mental communication......Page 440
1. The network interaction speeds up the development of the network......Page 442
2. Fun with the network interaction......Page 443
3. Network interaction—coexistence of happiness and unhappiness......Page 444
4. New campus fashion: online moral education......Page 445
1. Psychology problem in network......Page 447
12.3.2 Analysis on Psychology Characteristic of Network Application......Page 450
1. Concepts of Internet addiction......Page 451
2. Measurement tools of Internet addiction......Page 452
3. The advantages and disadvantages of investigative methods of Internet addiction......Page 453
4. Academic model of Internet addiction......Page 454
2. Trend of human-computer interaction......Page 456
3. The psychological momentum of the human-human interaction pattern......Page 457
4. The demand psychology of network information service user......Page 459
1. Online discussion......Page 461
12.5 Summary......Page 463
References......Page 464
13 E-commerce Case Analysis......Page 468
13.1.1 Methods of the Evaluation and Analysis of E-commerce Websites......Page 469
2. Competition factor analysis......Page 477
4. SWOT Analysis......Page 478
5. Three ways to analyze competitiveness......Page 479
6. Model analysis of five forces......Page 480
13.2.1 Case Study of China's Agricultural Products E-commerce......Page 481
13.2.2 Case Analysis of E-commerce Supply Chain Management......Page 485
Present situation of supply chain management in Shanghai bell corporation......Page 487
1. Individual (consumers)......Page 491
2. Enterprise (Group)......Page 492
3. Case of online shopping......Page 501
13.2.4 Case Study of E-commerce in the Financial Industry......Page 503
13.2.5 Case Analysis of E-commerce in Petrochemical Industry......Page 519
References......Page 525