Introduction to Anthropology

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 What Is Anthropology?
Introduction
1.1 The Study of Humanity, or "Anthropology Is Vast"
1.2 The Four-Field Approach: Four Approaches within the Guiding Narrative
1.3 Overcoming Ethnocentrism
1.4 Western Bias in Our Assumptions about Humanity
1.5 Holism, Anthropology’s Distinctive Approach
1.6 Cross-Cultural Comparison and Cultural Relativism
1.7 Reaching for an Insider’s Point of View
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Methods: Cultural and Archaeological
Introduction
2.1 Archaeological Research Methods
2.2 Conservation and Naturalism
2.3 Ethnography and Ethnology
2.4 Participant Observation and Interviewing
2.5 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
2.6 Collections
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Culture Concept Theory: Theories of Cultural Change
Introduction
3.1 The Homeyness of Culture
3.2 The Winkiness of Culture
3.3 The Elements of Culture
3.4 The Aggregates of Culture
3.5 Modes of Cultural Analysis
3.6 The Paradoxes of Culture
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Biological Evolution and Early Human Evidence
Introduction
4.1 What Is Biological Anthropology?
4.2 What’s in a Name? The Science of Taxonomy
4.3 It’s All in the Genes! The Foundation of Evolution
4.4 Evolution in Action: Past and Present
4.5 What Is a Primate?
4.6 Origin of and Classification of Primates
4.7 Our Ancient Past: The Earliest Hominins
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 5 The Genus Homo and the Emergence of Us
Introduction
5.1 Defining the Genus Homo
5.2 Tools and Brains: Homo habilis, Homo ergaster, and Homo erectus
5.3 The Emergence of Us: The Archaic Homo
5.4 Tracking Genomes: Our Human Story Unfolds
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 6 Language and Communication
Introduction
6.1 The Emergence and Development of Language
6.2 Language and the Mind
6.3 Language, Community, and Culture
6.4 Performativity and Ritual
6.5 Language and Power
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Work, Life, and Value: Economic Anthropology
Introduction
7.1 Economies: Two Ways to Study Them
7.2 Modes of Subsistence
7.3 Gathering and Hunting
7.4 Pastoralism
7.5 Plant Cultivation: Horticulture and Agriculture
7.6 Exchange, Value, and Consumption
7.7 Industrialism and Postmodernity
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Authority, Decisions, and Power: Political Anthropology
Introduction
8.1 Colonialism and the Categorization of Political Systems
8.2 Acephalous Societies: Bands and Tribes
8.3 Centralized Societies: Chiefdoms and States
8.4 Modern Nation-States
8.5 Resistance, Revolution, and Social Movements
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Social Inequalities
Introduction
9.1 Theories of Inequity and Inequality
9.2 Systems of Inequality
9.3 Intersections of Inequality
9.4 Studying In: Addressing Inequities within Anthropology
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 10 The Global Impact of Human Migration
Introduction
10.1 Peopling of the World
10.2 Early Global Movements and Cultural Hybridity
10.3 Peasantry and Urbanization
10.4 Inequality along the Margins
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 11 Forming Family through Kinship
Introduction
11.1 What Is Kinship?
11.2 Defining Family and Household
11.3 Reckoning Kinship across Cultures
11.4 Marriage and Families across Cultures
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 12 Gender and Sexuality
Introduction
12.1 Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Anthropology
12.2 Performing Gender Categories
12.3 The Power of Gender: Patriarchy and Matriarchy
12.4 Sexuality and Queer Anthropology
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 13 Religion and Culture
Introduction
13.1 What Is Religion?
13.2 Symbolic and Sacred Space
13.3 Myth and Religious Doctrine
13.4 Rituals of Transition and Conformity
13.5 Other Forms of Religious Practice
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 14 Anthropology of Food
Introduction
14.1 Food as a Material Artifact
14.2 A Biocultural Approach to Food
14.3 Food and Cultural Identity
14.4 The Globalization of Food
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 15 Anthropology of Media
Introduction
15.1 Putting the Mass into Media
15.2 Putting Culture into Media Studies
15.3 Visual Anthropology and Ethnographic Film
15.4 Photography, Representation, and Memory
15.5 News Media, the Public Sphere, and Nationalism
15.6 Community, Development, and Broadcast Media
15.7 Broadcasting Modernity and National Identity
15.8 Digital Media, New Socialities
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 16 Art, Music, and Sport
Introduction
16.1 Anthropology of the Arts
16.2 Anthropology of Music
16.3 An Anthropological View of Sport throughout Time
16.4 Anthropology, Representation, and Performance
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 17 Medical Anthropology
Introduction
17.1 What Is Medical Anthropology?
17.2 Ethnomedicine
17.3 Theories and Methods
17.4 Applied Medical Anthropology
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 18 Human-Animal Relationship
Introduction
18.1 Humans and Animals
18.2 Animals and Subsistence
18.3 Symbolism and Meaning of Animals
18.4 Pet-Keeping
18.5 Animal Industries and the Animal Trade
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 19 Indigenous Anthropology
Introduction
19.1 Indigenous Peoples
19.2 Colonization and Anthropology
19.3 Indigenous Agency and Rights
19.4 Applied and Public Anthropology and Indigenous Peoples
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 20 Anthropology on the Ground
Introduction
20.1 Our Challenging World Today
20.2 Why Anthropology Matters
20.3 What Anthropologists Can Do
Key Terms
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Bibliography
Index