Now in its third edition, Introducing Archaeology continues to be a thoughtful and engaging textbook for introductory-level students. Covering traditional fixtures of archaeology, such as methods and prehistory, the new edition opens up the greater conversation of feminist archaeology and the current state of archaeology, discussing issues of sexual harassment and abuse, inclusion, and the lack of diverse voices in the field.
The third edition highlights recent archaeological developments and the social and political contexts of archaeology, including the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL), Camp Delta (Guantanamo Bay), and Indigenous residential schools. The authors also manage to integrate some playful topics, such as the archaeology of children's graffiti and the domestication of dogs, while delving further into contemporary issues like climate change. The ultimate goal is to encourage students to examine the world that surrounds them with new eyes using archaeological methodologies.
The third edition incorporates more color images than in previous editions and is accompanied by an updated instructor's manual, test bank, and PowerPoint slides.
Author(s): Robert J. Muckle; Stacey L. Camp
Edition: Third Edition
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 328
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
CONTENTS
FIGURES
TABLES
TEXT BOXES
NOTE TO INSTRUCTORS
NOTE TO STUDENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
PROLOGUE: IT’S MORE THAN VIKING HOARDS, SHIPWRECKS, AND LOVERS ENTANGLED IN DEATH
CHAPTER 1: SITUATING ARCHAEOLOGY
Introduction
The Allure of Archaeology
The Lens of Archaeology
Defining Archaeology
A Scholarly Endeavor, a Profession, and a Craft
Archaeology versus Archeology
Contextualizing Archaeology
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIA
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICS
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF POPULAR CULTURE
Rationalizing Archaeology
Basic Concepts in Archaeology
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 2: LOOKING AT ARCHAEOLOGY’S PAST
Introduction
From the Ancient Philosophers to the End of the Eighteenth Century
Archaeology in the Nineteenth Century
Archaeology in the Twentieth Century
FOCUSING ON DESCRIPTION (c. 1900–1965)
A NEW ARCHAEOLOGY EMERGES: THE 1960S
ARCHAEOLOGY BECOMES DIVERSIFIED: THE 1970S
A NEWER, MORE CRITICAL ARCHAEOLOGY EMERGES: THE 1980S
Recent History of Archaeology
DECOLONIZING ARCHAEOLOGY
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 3: MANAGING ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Introduction
The Four Major Types of Archaeology
ACADEMIC ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCHAEOLOGY IN INDUSTRY
INDIGENOUS ARCHAEOLOGY
AMATEUR ARCHAEOLOGY
Subfields of Archaeology
National and International Heritage Management
Ethics and Archaeology
PROTECTION OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD
COMMERCIALIZATION
RESPONSIBILITIES TO VARIOUS GROUPS
Career Tracks in Archaeology
Sharing Information
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 4: COMPREHENDING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD
Introduction
Defining the Archaeological Record and Its Components
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
ARTIFACTS
FEATURES
ECOFACTS
CULTURAL LANDSCAPES
Creating Archaeological Sites
HOW SITES ARE INITIALLY CREATED
NATURAL SEDIMENTS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Understanding Bias in the Preservation of Material Remains
MATERIAL BIAS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Site Disturbance
NATURAL DISTURBANCE
CULTURAL DISTURBANCE
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 5: WORKING IN THE FIELD
Introduction
Designing Archaeological Field Projects
IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR FIELD RESEARCH
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
FORMULATING HYPOTHESES AND STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS
DETERMINING THE TYPES OF DATA TO COLLECT
DETERMINING THE METHODS TO COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
LOGISTICS
COLLECTING DATA
MAKING THE DATA MEANINGFUL
MAKING THE RESEARCH MEANINGFUL
Discovering Archaeological Sites
FORTUITOUS DISCOVERY
PREDICTIVE MODELING AND CONSULTATION
AERIAL-BASED REMOTE SENSING
GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING
SURFACE SURVEY
USING SAMPLES TO SEARCH FOR SITES
Excavation
DECIDING WHERE AND HOW MUCH TO DIG
Field Laboratories
Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology: Research Design and Field Methods
Hazards of Fieldwork
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 6: WORKING IN THE LABORATORY
Introduction
Laboratory Processes
Artifact Analysis
CLASSIFICATION
LITHIC ANALYSIS
CERAMIC ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC ARTIFACTS
ANALYSIS OF METAL AND GLASS
QUANTIFICATION OF ARTIFACTS
Ecofact Analysis
ANIMAL REMAINS
BOTANICAL REMAINS
SEDIMENT ANALYSIS
Analysis of Human Remains
DETERMINING AGE AT DEATH
DETERMINING SEX
OTHER DETERMINATIONS
Using DNA in Archaeology
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 7: RECONSTRUCTING CULTURE HISTORY
Introduction
Determining Antiquity
RELATIVE DATING
ABSOLUTE DATING TECHNIQUES
Conceptualizing Time
CONCEPTUALIZING DEEP TIME
GEOLOGICAL EPOCHS
MAJOR DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL UNITS IN PREHISTORY
World Prehistory
HUMAN BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
EARLY TOOLS IN AFRICA
NEW LANDS, NEW TOOLS
EARLY HUNTING AND FIRE USE
DELIBERATE BURIALS AND SOPHISTICATED ART
COLONIZING AUSTRALIA AND THE AMERICAS
CERAMICS AND POTTERY
DOMESTICATING PLANTS AND ANIMALS, SETTLING DOWN, RISING POPULATIONS, AND INCREASING SOCIAL COMPLEXITY
Ancient Civilizations
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 8: RECONSTRUCTING ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
Introduction
Reconstructing Paleoenvironments
DETERMINING WHAT PEOPLE WERE ADAPTING TO
DISCOVERING WHERE TO LOOK FOR SITES
RECONSTRUCTING SITE FORMATION AND DISTURBANCE PROCESSES
METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTING PALEOENVIRONMENTS
Reconstructing Settlement Patterns
INDIVIDUAL HOUSES
SINGLE SETTLEMENTS
TRADITIONAL TERRITORY
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
ESTIMATING POPULATION SIZE
Reconstructing Subsistence Strategies
GENERALIZED FORAGING
SPECIALIZED FORAGING
PASTORALISM
HORTICULTURE
AGRICULTURE
Distinguishing Wild Plants and Animals from Domestic
PLANT DOMESTICATION
ANIMAL DOMESTICATION
Reconstructing Diet
PLANT AND ANIMAL REMAINS IN CULTURAL CONTEXT
HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS
HUMAN WASTE
HUMAN SOFT TISSUE
RESIDUE ANALYSIS
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 9: RECONSTRUCTING THE SOCIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Introduction
Reconstructing Inequality
Reconstructing Types of Societies
BANDS
TRIBES
CHIEFDOMS
STATES
EMPIRES
Reconstructing Identity
ETHNIC IDENTITY
DESCENT GROUPS
SEX AND GENDER
CHILDREN
SPECIFIC INDIVIDUALS
Reconstructing Ideology
SACRED SITES AND RELIGIOUS RITUAL
MORTUARY PRACTICES
THE MEANING OF ART
CANNIBALISM AND TREPANATION
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 10: EXPLAINING THINGS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST
Introduction
Three Levels of Archaeological Research
Mechanisms of Culture Change
Conceptual Frameworks
ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS
SOCIAL FRAMEWORKS
IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS
Explaining the Transition to Food Production
Explaining the Collapse of Civilizations
Understanding Bias in Archaeological Explanations
Evaluating Competing Explanations
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
CHAPTER 11: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW
The Current State of Archaeology
Archaeologies of the Contemporary
ACTIVIST, ACTION, AND SIMILAR ARCHAEOLOGIES
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF INCARCERATION AND FORCED REMOVAL
ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE DISENFRANCHISED, THE VOICELESS, AND THE INVISIBLE
FORENSIC AND DISASTER ARCHAEOLOGIES
ARCHAEOLOGY AND CONTEMPORARY WASTE
Digital Archaeology
Archaeology, Climate Change, and Sustainability
Predicting the Future of Archaeology
Interpreting the Present in the Future
Final Comments
KEY RESOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
