Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is the most common cause of clinical deterioration and death for neurological and neurosurgical patients. There are a lot of causes of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and increased ICP can produce intracranial hypertension syndromes. Monitoring of intracranial pressure and advances in investigations of the central nervous system have led to new concepts and systemisations in intracranial hypertension. The descriptive classification of the intracranial hypertension has been replaced by an etio-pathogenic classification with four main groups. Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension, in the extending intracranial processes (cerebral tumours, intracranial haematoma, cerebral abscesses, etc.), in traumatic brain edema, in hypotoxic brain edema, in general intoxications with neurotoxins (endogenous or exogenous), etc. Vascular Intracranial Hypertension is caused by the disorders of cerebral blood circulation and then the brain edema or / and brain swelling appears. The vascular intracranial hypertension occurs in: vascular cerebral diseases - cerebral venous thrombosis or in cerebral ischaemic stroke and in - extracerebral vascular diseases as hypertensive encephalopathies. Intracranial Hypertension is caused by the Disorders of the CSF dynamics ( hydrocephalus etc). Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. The treatment of intracranial hypertension depends on the type of intracranial hypertension and on the stage of the illness.
Author(s): Stefan Mircea Iencean, Alexandru Vladimir Ciurea
Edition: 1
Publisher: Nova Biomedical Books
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 263
Intracranial Hypertension......Page 3
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
General Approach and Short History......Page 11
Classification of Intracranial Hypertension......Page 13
References......Page 22
The Cranio-Spinal Space......Page 23
Nervous Parenchyma......Page 27
The Ventricular System......Page 28
Brain Blood Barrier......Page 35
The Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 41
Dynamics of Intracranial Fluids......Page 49
References......Page 52
General Considerations......Page 55
Intracranial Pressure Relationships......Page 57
Intracranial Pressure Waves......Page 62
Intracranial Pressure Increase......Page 64
Compensating Mechanisms......Page 70
Intracranial Pressure Measurement......Page 72
References......Page 76
General Data......Page 79
Modifications of the Cerebral Parenchyma......Page 81
Alteration of Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 90
Cerebrovascular Reactivity......Page 91
Decompensation of Intracranial Hypertension......Page 92
References......Page 94
Signs and Symptoms......Page 99
References......Page 105
General Data......Page 109
Consciousness Disorders and Coma......Page 110
Cranial Nerve Paralysis......Page 112
Vegetative Disorders......Page 113
Decompensated Intracranial Hypertension......Page 114
References......Page 116
General Data......Page 119
The Ophthalmologic Examination......Page 120
Skull X-Ray......Page 121
CT Scan......Page 122
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)......Page 127
Intracranial Pressure Management......Page 128
References......Page 129
Intracranial Hypertension Classification......Page 133
Vascular Intracranial Hypertension......Page 135
Intracranial Hypertension Due to Disorders in the Dynamics of the Cerebrospinal Fluid......Page 136
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension......Page 137
References......Page 138
Clinical Differential Diagnosis......Page 139
Diagnosis of Forms of Intracranial Hypertension......Page 141
Diagnosis of the ICH Clinical Stage......Page 143
References......Page 144
General Data......Page 147
Acute Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension......Page 148
Progressive Parenchymatous Intracranial Hypertension......Page 173
References......Page 178
General Data......Page 183
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis......Page 184
Hypertensive Encephalopathy......Page 187
Ischaemic Stroke......Page 189
References......Page 193
General Data......Page 197
Clinical Presentation......Page 198
Treatment......Page 199
Intracranial Hypertension Due to Resorption Disorders......Page 200
References......Page 201
General Data......Page 205
Diagnosis Criteria......Page 207
Clinical Presentation......Page 214
Treatment......Page 216
References......Page 217
Evolution and Prognosis......Page 221
References......Page 223
General Data......Page 225
Therapeutic Recommendations......Page 227
Therapeutic Schemes in Intracranial Hypertension......Page 229
References......Page 235
General Data......Page 239
References......Page 243
Addendum......Page 247
Index......Page 249
