This book seeks to examine a consistent theme occurring in judgements and awards given by international tribunals in the matter of boundary disputes, a theme which is predicated on finding some sort of difficulty in the implementation of those awards and judgements. This is a feature prominent in boundary and territorial disputes inasmuch as decisions relative to title to territory and location of a boundary line are always keenly contested and hotly disputed. Two remedies which have frequently been relied on by States are those of interpretation and revision. The author sheds light on how, when and in what circumstances will the tribunal be able to interpret or revise either its own or another tribunal's decisions. By doing so, the study succeeds in contributing to an understanding of this area of the law. It is the case that the latter has largely been neglected by jurists.
Author(s): Kaiyan Homi Kaikobad
Series: Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 394
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 11
Maps......Page 15
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 20
International Court of Justice......Page 23
Permanent Court of International Justice......Page 24
Arbitral decisions......Page 25
United States......Page 27
Abbreviations......Page 28
PART I · INTRODUCTION......Page 29
I. Preliminary observations......Page 31
II. Fundamental parameters and perspectives......Page 39
PART II · THE SETTLEMENT OF TERRITORIAL AND BOUNDARY DISPUTES......Page 43
I. Preliminary observations......Page 45
a. General......Page 50
b. Post-conflict settlements: territorial and boundary issues......Page 51
c. Concluding analysis......Page 57
a. General......Page 59
b. Specific issues and disputes......Page 60
1. Problems based on State and government succession......Page 61
2. Problems based on unilateral renunciation......Page 69
3. Problems based on unilateral rejection of boundary awards and decisions......Page 71
4. Problems based on constitutive legal considerations......Page 74
c. Concluding analysis......Page 80
a. Arbitration and territorial disputes: historical background......Page 81
b. Arbitration and territorial and boundary disputes: consolidation......Page 88
c. Sources of dissatisfaction and dispute: treaties and arbitral and judicial decisions......Page 96
d. Arbitral and judicial decisions: nullity, revision and interpretation......Page 98
V. Concluding analysis: dissatisfaction, finality and reconciliation......Page 105
PART III · JUDICIAL REMEDIES: INTERPRETATION......Page 111
I. Preliminary observations......Page 113
b. The Hague Peace Conferences......Page 114
c. Developments since 1907 and the Great War: the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice......Page 117
d. The Statute of the International Court of Justice......Page 120
e. Judicial contribution in the development of the notion......Page 121
II. Interpretation as incidental to the main case......Page 123
III. Main case interpretation......Page 125
II. Interpretation and the role of consent......Page 130
III. Admissibility of requests for interpretation......Page 143
a. The existence of a dispute......Page 144
b. Operative part of the decision......Page 145
c. Meaning and scope of the decision......Page 152
d. Restrictions ratione temporis......Page 153
e. Restrictions based in treaty interpretation......Page 158
a. Bona fide need for clarification......Page 163
b. Restrictive aspects of interpretation......Page 166
c. Tests for interpretation......Page 169
d. Modification, revision and res judicata......Page 171
e. The admission and rejection of requests: anomalous features......Page 184
f. Interpretation in the context of the general task of the tribunal......Page 189
V. Interpretation and the principle of res judicata......Page 190
a. General points of contact......Page 191
b. Reconciliation and harmonisation......Page 198
I. Preliminary observations......Page 203
II. Words, meanings and the general practice of international tribunals......Page 206
III. Presumption against a breach of the law......Page 208
IV. Materials, conduct and relevant circumstances: admissibility and probative weight......Page 221
V. The principle of effectiveness......Page 238
VI. The doctrine of acquiescence, recognition and estoppel......Page 239
VII. General recapitulation......Page 253
PART IV · JUDICIAL REMEDIES: REVISION......Page 257
I. Preliminary observations......Page 259
a. Early writers and the nineteenth century......Page 261
b. The Hague Peace Conferences and other treaties......Page 264
c. Developments since the Great War: the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice......Page 271
e. Developments since 1945......Page 276
f. Judicial contribution to the development of the notion......Page 278
II. Revision as a remedy based in consent......Page 280
III. Revision as a remedy to be exercised in exceptional circumstances......Page 285
II. Revision incidental to the main case......Page 289
III. Main case revision......Page 290
I. Preliminary observations......Page 293
a. Discovery of fact......Page 295
b. The existence of newly discovered facts or evidence......Page 299
1. Decisive facts qua facts......Page 306
2. Evidence as decisive fact......Page 309
3. Decisiveness of fact and evidence at the admissibility and merits stages......Page 317
d. Negligence in discovery......Page 320
III. Procedural criteria......Page 326
I. Preliminary observations......Page 330
II. Revision and res judicata......Page 331
III. Revision and indirect delimitation......Page 339
IV. Revision at the merits stage......Page 341
VI. General recapitulation......Page 347
PART V · CONCLUSIONS......Page 351
12 Conclusions......Page 353
Select bibliography......Page 368
Index......Page 381
