The industry??s leading resource for Internet routing solutions and scenarios
- Explore the functions, attributes, and applications of BGP-4, the de facto interdomain routing protocol, through practical scenarios and configuration examples
- Learn the contemporary Internet structure and understand how to evaluate a service provider in dealing with routing and connectivity issues
- Master the addressing techniques--including Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)--that are demanded today to facilitate the Internet's rapid and continuing growth
- Develop optimal routing policies--redundancy, traffic balancing, symmetry, and stability--for your network
- Learn how to seamlessly integrate your intradomain and interdomain routing and manage large and growing autonomous systems
Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition explores the ins and outs of interdomain routing network designs with emphasis on BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol Version 4)--the de facto interdomain routing protocol.
Using a practical, xample-oriented approach, this comprehensive resource provides you with real solutions for ISP connectivity issues. You will learn how to integrate your network on the global Internet and discover how to build large-scale autonomous systems. You will also learn to control expansion of interior routing protocols using BGP-4, design sound and stable networks, configure the required policies using Cisco IOS Software, and explore routing practices and rules on the Internet.
Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition is your complete resource for Internet routing solutions and scenarios.
Author(s): Sam Halabi
Edition: 2nd ed
Publisher: Cisco Press
Year: 2000
Language: English
Pages: 415
City: Indianapolis, IN
Cover......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 3
About the Technical Reviewers......Page 6
Acknowledgments......Page 7
Organization......Page 8
Approach......Page 9
Command Syntax Conventions......Page 10
Icons Used in This Book......Page 11
I: The Contemporary Internet......Page 13
1. Evolution of the Internet......Page 14
Origins and Recent History of the Internet......Page 15
Network Access Points......Page 19
Routing Arbiter Project......Page 23
The Very High-Speed Backbone Network Service......Page 27
Transitioning the Regional Networks from the NSFNET......Page 29
NSF Solicits NIS Managers......Page 30
Other Internet Registries......Page 33
Internet Routing Registries......Page 34
The Once and Future Internet......Page 35
Looking Ahead......Page 38
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 39
References......Page 40
ISP Services......Page 41
ISP Service Pricing, Service-Level Agreements, and Technical Characteristics......Page 45
Looking Ahead......Page 55
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 56
History of Internet Addressing......Page 58
IP Address Space Depletion......Page 65
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 84
References......Page 86
II: Routing Protocol Basics......Page 88
Overview of Routers and Routing......Page 89
Routing Protocol Concepts......Page 92
Segregating the World into Autonomous Systems......Page 96
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 103
References......Page 104
5. Border Gateway Protocol Version 4......Page 106
How BGP Works......Page 107
BGP Capabilities Negotiation......Page 122
Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP......Page 123
TCP MD5 Signature Option......Page 124
Looking Ahead......Page 125
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 126
References......Page 127
III: Effective Internet Routing Designs......Page 128
6. Tuning BGP Capabilities......Page 129
Building Peer Sessions......Page 130
Sources of Routing Updates......Page 136
Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors......Page 142
The Routing Process Simplified......Page 144
Controlling BGP Routes......Page 150
Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation......Page 170
BGP-4 Aggregation......Page 179
Looking Ahead......Page 184
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 185
References......Page 188
7. Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing......Page 189
Redundancy......Page 190
Load Balancing......Page 196
Specific Scenarios: Designing Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing......Page 197
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 219
References......Page 220
Interaction of Non-BGP Routers with BGP Routers......Page 221
BGP Policies Conflicting with Internal Defaults......Page 223
Policy Routing......Page 230
Looking Ahead......Page 234
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 235
Route Reflectors......Page 237
Confederations......Page 247
Controlling IGP Expansion......Page 251
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 257
References......Page 259
Route Instabilities on the Internet......Page 260
BGP Stability Features......Page 263
Frequently Asked Questions......Page 268
IV: Internet Routing Device Configuration......Page 270
11. Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes......Page 271
Building Peering Sessions......Page 272
Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation......Page 276
Peer Groups......Page 285
Sources of Routing Updates......Page 287
Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors......Page 294
BGP Attributes......Page 295
BGP-4 Aggregation......Page 307
Looking Ahead......Page 324
12. Configuring Effective Internet Routing Policies......Page 325
Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing......Page 326
Following Defaults Inside an AS......Page 352
Policy Routing......Page 366
Route Reflectors......Page 369
Confederations......Page 372
Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation......Page 377
BGP Outbound Request Filter Capability......Page 383
Route Dampening......Page 384
Looking Ahead......Page 388
V: Appendixes......Page 389
A. BGP Command Reference......Page 390
Miscellaneous......Page 395
Internet Request For Comments......Page 396
Configuration......Page 399
EXEC Commands......Page 401
Closing Remarks......Page 402
The Motivation Behind the New Command-Line Interface......Page 403
Organizing Command Groups in the New Configuration......Page 404
Peer Groups......Page 408
Route Maps......Page 409
Redistribution......Page 410
Aggregation......Page 412
List of BGP Commands......Page 413
Upgrading to the AF Style......Page 414
