The book presents the state of the art of the Internet of Things (IoT), applied to Human-Centered Design (HCD) projects addressed to ageing users, from the perspective of health, care and well-being. The current focus on the ageing population is opening up new opportunities for the development of niche solutions aimed at the niche category of older users who are beginning to experience physical and cognitive decline but are still independent and need to maintain their autonomy for as long as possible. The combination between the needs expressed by older users and the opportunities offered by the recent innovative technologies related to the Internet of Things allows research institutions, stakeholders, and academia to target and design new solutions for older users, safeguarding their well-being, health, and care, improving their quality of life.
This book discusses and analyses the most recent services, products, systems and environments specifically conceived for older users, in order to enhance health, care, well-being and improve their quality of life. This approach is coherent with the percept of AAL or enhanced living environment, looking to the users’ comfort, autonomy, engagement and healthcare. The book describes and analyses aspects of HCD with older users looking to the emerging technologies, products, services, and environments analysed in their actual application in different areas, always concerning the design for the elderly related to the IoT, just as the development of biomonitoring devices, tools for activity recognition and simulation, creation of smart living environments, solutions for their autonomy, assistance and engagement enhancing health, care and wellbeing. The book is intended for researchers, designers, engineers, and practitioners in healthcare to connect academia, stakeholders, and research institutions to foster education, research and innovation.
Author(s): Sofia Scataglini, Silvia Imbesi, Gonçalo Marques
Series: Studies in Computational Intelligence, 1011
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 405
City: Singapore
Preface
About This Book
List of Reviewers
Contents
About the Editors
Aspects of Human-Centered Design in Older Adults
Inclusive Innovation Through Design for Services: A Service Ergonomics Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Design for Inclusion and Service Design
2.1 SD in Design for Inclusion and Design for Inclusion in SD
2.2 Understanding Design for Inclusion and SD Relationships: A Proposal
3 Inclusive Service Design
3.1 An Inclusive Service Blueprint
4 The Service Ergonomics Concept
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Human-Centered Design for Older Users: A Design Methodology for the Development of Smart Devices and Systems Related to Health Care
1 Introduction
2 Older Users and the Internet of Things
3 Human-Centered Design and Usability
4 PASSO Project’s Methodology
4.1 Stage 1: Planning
4.2 Stage 2: Analyzing
4.3 Stage 3: Creating
4.4 Stage 4: Verifying
4.5 Iterative Process
5 Conclusions
References
Aging and Interaction: Designing for Active Living Experiences
1 Introduction
2 Active Living Concept
2.1 Active Living in the Literature
2.2 The Active Living Concept
3 Products for Elderly People: The-State-of-the-Art
3.1 Characteristics of the Products
3.2 Analysis of the Products
3.3 Discussion of Results Toward Active Living
4 Rethinking Active Living: An Holistic Approach to the Elderly Experience
4.1 Active Living Scenarios and Personas
4.2 Active Living Scenarios Validation
5 Conclusion
References
How to Enhance Elderly Care Products, Services, and Systems by Means of IoT Technology and Human-Centered Design Approach
1 Introduction
2 Human-Centered Design
3 Case Studies
3.1 Product Level—ACCRA
3.2 Service Level—Carr(e)ers Rally Case Study (Autonom’ Lab)
3.3 System Level—HABITAT
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Digital Human Modelling: Inclusive Design and the Ageing Population
1 Introduction
2 Digital Human Modelling
3 Anthropometry and Anthropometric Data
4 Modelling Representative Users
4.1 Multidimensional Consideration of Anthropometric Diversity
4.2 Hadrian
5 Materials and Method
5.1 System for Aiding Man–Machine Interaction (SAMMIE)
5.2 Industrial Path Solutions—Intelligent Moving Manikins (IPS IMMA)
6 DHM Case Studies
6.1 DHM and the Ageing Workforce
6.2 DHM and Public Transport Safety
6.3 DHM with Diverse Anthropometric Data by Cluster Analysis
7 Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
IoT-Enabled Biomonitoring Solutions for Elderly Health, Care and Well-Being
IoT-Powered Monitoring Systems for Geriatric Healthcare: Overview
1 Introduction
2 Technological Solutions
2.1 IoT Technologies
2.2 Representative Examples of IoT Applications
3 IoT Design for Older People
3.1 User-Centered Perspectives
3.2 Privacy
3.3 Design Principles for IoT-Powered Monitoring
3.4 The Potential of IoT During the COVID-19 Emergency
4 Conclusions
References
Neuro-Gerontechnologies: Applications and Opportunities
1 Introduction
2 The Aging Nervous System
3 Neurotech Applications
3.1 Physiological Monitoring as a Neurotech Foundation
3.2 Brain–Computer Interfaces for Assistive Technology Control
3.3 Neuromotor Rehabilitation Technologies
3.4 Neurotech for Supporting and Improving Mental Well-Being and Functions
4 Perspectives on Neuro-Gerontech Design
4.1 Toward Senior-Centered Design
4.2 Personalization, Digital Biomarkers, Internet of Things and Minds
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Attention-Aware Recognition of Activities of Daily Living Based on Eye Gaze Tracking
1 Introduction
2 Approach to Truly Affective ADL for Human-Centred Design
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 CNN-SVM Classifier Training for Visual Attention Detection
3.2 Implementation Details
3.3 Gaze Estimation
3.4 Visual Gaze Estimation
4 Calibration of Camera and Screen Parameters
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Internet of Things and Cloud Activity Monitoring Systems for Elderly Healthcare
1 Introduction
2 Application of Internet of Things in Elderly Activity Monitoring Systems
2.1 IoT Operations
2.2 IoT and Elderly Monitoring Systems
3 Application of Internet of Things and Cloud Computing in Elderly Activity Monitoring Systems
3.1 The Role of IoT and Cloud Computing in Elderly Activity Monitoring Systems
3.2 IoT and Cloud Challenges in Elderly Activity Monitoring Systems
3.3 IoT and Cloud for Improving Elderly Healthcare
4 Framework for IoT and Cloud in Elderly Activity Monitoring Systems
4.1 Elderly Patients’ Layer (Wearable Devices)
4.2 IoT-Cloud-Based (Data Layer)
4.3 Elderly Monitoring and Alert Platform (Hospital Layer)
4.4 Elderly Monitoring and Alert Platform (Hospital Layer)
4.5 The Gateway
5 The Practical Application of the Proposed Framework
5.1 Data Collection
5.2 Data Preprocessing
5.3 Prediction Algorithm for the Proposed Elderly Activity Monitoring System
6 Conclusions
References
IoT Based Fall Detection System for Elderly Healthcare
1 Introduction
2 Edge IoT Layer
2.1 Edge Devices
2.2 Wearable/Environmental Sensing System
2.3 Vision-Based Sensing Systems
2.4 Contactless Non-interference Sensing
3 Fog IoT Layer
3.1 Communication Technologies
4 Cloud IoT Layer
5 Machine and Deep Learning Algorithms
6 Performance Metrics and Results
6.1 Evaluation Metrics
7 Conclusions
References
mHealth Apps for Older Adults and Persons with Parkinson's Disease
1 Introduction
2 mHealth System Architecture Connected with Apps
2.1 Sensor Node
2.2 Portable Processing Unit (PU)
2.3 Offline Monitoring
2.4 Real-time Monitoring and Biofeedback System
3 mHealth Apps—Requirements in the Healthcare Field
4 mHealth Apps for Clinical Assessment
4.1 Older Adults
4.2 Persons with Parkinson's Disease
5 mHealth Apps for Neuromotor Rehabilitation
5.1 Older Adults
5.2 Persons with Parkinson's Disease
6 Discussion and Future Scenario
References
IoT-Enabled Smart Elderly Living Environment and Their Autonomy for Ageing Well
An Experience of Co-Design with Elderly People in the HABITAT Project: Improving Older Users’ Lifestyle with Assistive Home Systems
1 Introduction
2 The HABITAT Project
2.1 Partners and Purposes
3 Methodologies
4 Co-Design Activities
5 Conclusions
References
From Driver to Passenger: Exploring New Driving Experiences for Older Drivers in Highly Automated Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 The New Paradigm of Autonomous Driving
3 Older Drivers and the Benefit of Autonomous Driving
3.1 Healthy and Active Aging for Enhancing Autonomy in Mobility
3.2 The Benefits of Autonomous Driving
4 Case Studies of Inspiring Automated Driving Experiences
4.1 Playful and Healthy Non-Driving-Related Activities
4.2 Exploratory and Shareable Commuting Experiences
5 Conclusion
References
Remote Caring for Older People: Future Trends and Speculative Design
1 Introduction
1.1 The Merging of Commercial and Consumer IoT
1.2 Extending the Human Body
2 IoT and Older People
2.1 Technology Uptake
2.2 Healthy Ageing, Active Ageing, and Quality of Life
2.3 Vulnerability
2.4 IoT Risks and Ethical Implications
3 IoT Applications in an Accessible Bathroom
3.1 IoT Products for the Bathroom
4 Speculations on the Future
4.1 When IoT Devices Are an Imposition
4.2 A Take on Serviced Apartments for Older People
4.3 Frank and the Robot
5 Inclusive Nature of Caring
6 Conclusion
References
Innovative Street Furniture Supporting Electric Micro-mobility for Active Aging
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Literature Review
4 E-mobility Infrastructure in Italy
5 Smart Hub Street Furniture
6 Conclusions
References
IoT-Enabled Assistance and Engagement
Understanding the Acceptance of IoT and Social Assistive Robotics for the Healthcare Sector: A Review of the Current User-Centred Applications for the Older Users
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Exoskeletons in Elderly Healthcare
1 Introduction
2 Technical Background
2.1 Exoskeletons and Exosuits
2.2 User-Centered Design (UCD)
3 Use Cases
3.1 XoSoft for Mild-Impaired Elderly
3.2 TWIN for Severely-Impaired Elderly
4 Future Challenges and Trends
4.1 Technology Acceptance
4.2 Tele-Health and IoT
5 Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Video Games for Positive Aging: Playfully Engaging Older Adults
1 Introduction
2 Engagement and Game Systems
2.1 Engagement, Game Features, and Well-Being
2.2 Engagement and Game Technology Innovation
3 Video Games for Older Adults’ Well-Being
3.1 Promoting Healthy Habits
3.2 Physical Activity Stimulation and Motor Rehabilitation
3.3 Cognitive Stimulation and Rehabilitation
3.4 Mental and Social Well-Being
3.5 Clinical Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Assessment
4 Perspectives on Senior-Centered Game Design
4.1 Engagement Requirements and Strategies
4.2 Toward Ubiquitous Personalization
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
