International Trade Relations of the European Union: A Legal and Policy Analysis

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1 Introducing the Book
2 Objectives
3 Structure of the Book
Chapter 2: International Trade Law of the European Union
1 Central Argument
2 An Overview of the Book and the Context
2.1 Overview
2.2 The Context
Introduction
Defining Rule of Law
Access to Justice and Judicial Review
Legal Certainty
Proportionality
Equality and Non-discrimination
Transparency
The Rule of Law and the WTO
Conclusion
3 Contribution of the Book
3.1 Intended Contribution/Scientific Originality
3.2 Relevance of the Book and Context
Chapter 3: The European Union and International Affairs
1 Introduction
2 The Problem of the EU in Its External Relations1
2.1 International Legal Personality
2.2 Who Does What in the EU’s External Affairs?
A Note on the So-Called Fourth Pillar and CFSP
Political and Economic Aspects of Foreign Policy48
Chapter 4: Theories of Supranationalism
1 Introduction
2 Joseph Weiler’s Theory
2.1 Two Facets of Supranationalism
2.2 Normative Supranationalism: Approfondissement
2.3 Decisional Supranationalism
3 Legal Theories of Economic Integration
3.1 Neo-liberal Economic Policy
3.2 The European Union as “Special-Purpose Associations (Zweckverbände) of Functional Integration”
3.3 Theory of the Supranational and Intergovernmental Dual Structure of the EU
4 Theory by Wils
5 Conclusion
Chapter 5: Distribution of Powers in EU External Relations
1 Introduction
2 Allocation of Competences
2.1 Legislative Competence
Exclusive EU Competence
Shared Competence
Complementary Competence
Exclusive EU Member States’ Competence
2.2 Non-legislative or Executive Competence
Implementation of Legislative Acts 
Administrative, Material, or Budgetary Implementation of Union Acts
3 Conclusion
Chapter 6: Criteria for Evaluating the Distribution of Powers and Its Compliance
1 Introduction
2 Non-exhaustive Criteria for Evaluating the Distribution of Powers
2.1 Efficiency in International Trade Negotiations
2.2 Transparency and Clarity
2.3 Coherence/Consistency
2.4 Accountability
Chapter 7: Other Legal Bases for Trade Agreements
1 Introduction
2 Association Agreements
3 Non-preferential Trade and Cooperation Agreements
4 Partnership Agreements
5 Agreements with International Organizations
Chapter 8: The Doha Round and Services Trade
1 Prologue
2 The Doha Round
2.1 What Is a Round?
2.2 Why Did We Need a New Round?
2.3 Principles for the Doha Development Agenda
3 The GATS
3.1 Objectives and Principles
3.2 Historical Background to the GATS
3.3 Scope of the GATS
3.4 What Is Trade in Services?
3.5 Progressive Liberalization of Services Trade
4 Recommendations
Chapter 9: The European Union in the Doha Round: The Specific Case of Services Trade
1 Introduction
2 The EU in the Doha Round
2.1 The EU and the Doha Development Agenda
2.2 The Case of Services Trade
2.3 Hong Kong: The Sixth WTO Ministerial Conference
Objectives of the Conference
Intent and Examples of the Hong Kong Ministerial Declaration
Actual Modus Operandi of Services Negotiations: How to Go About Negotiations Among So Many WTO Members, and the Outcome of Hong Kong
2.4 After the Hong Kong Conference
Suspension of the Multilateral Talks
The Failure of Multilateralism?
Consequences of Protectionism: Competing Views of NGOs
Trying to Get Multilateral Negotiations Back on Track and the Way Forward
Resumption of the Multilateral Talks
3 Impact of the Nice and Lisbon Treaties on Services Negotiations
4 Epilogue and Recommendations
Chapter 10: Conclusions and Recommendations
1 Recommendations
Index