This book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the links between migration and remittances. The role of remittances in influencing migration decision is explored in relation to economic development, education, the labour market, and social factors. The impact of remittances on migration is examined from a global perspective, with a focus on both specific countries and larger regions, such as the European Union and the former Soviet states. The challenges in managing migration flows are also discussed, alongside the impact of COVID-19 on migration, and policy suggestions are made for the efficient management of labour migration.
This book aims to offer a comparative analysis of the impact of remittances resulting from labour migration and foreign direct investment on the economic growth. It will be relevant to researchers and policymakers interested in labour and migration economics.
Author(s): Valentina Vasile, Elena Bunduchi, Daniel Stefan, Calin-Adrian Comes
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 231
City: Cham
Contents
About the Authors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Remittances
Remittances: Conceptual Overview
Transfer Channels
The Cost of Remittances
Instead of Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Migration Theories and the Role of Remittances
The Push-Pull Theory
Dual Market Theory
Rational Choice Theory
World-Systems Theory
The Theory of Neoclassical Economics
Neo-Marxist Theory
Migration Network Theory
The Institutional Theory
Cumulative Causation
References
Chapter 4: Historical Evolution and Trends of the Migration Phenomenon and Remittances
The Historical Evolution of Global Migration
The Global Migration Phenomenon in 1990–2020
Migration at European Union Level
The Migration Phenomenon in Romania
Trend of the Remittance Flows
Conclusions
Annexes
References
Chapter 5: Remittances vs. FDI: An Open Debate
Data Analysis
Description of the Methodology and Econometric Model
Results and Discussions
Partial Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Are Remittances a Real Promoter of Economic Growth in Origin Countries? Case Study: Romania vs. Republic of Moldova
Literature Review
Data and Methods
Part I. Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances in Countries of Origin
Part II. Microeconomic Impact of Remittances in Countries of Origin
Partial Conclusions
Annexes
References
Chapter 7: Social Effects of Migration and of Remittances from the Perspective of the Home Country and of the Host Country
Social Basis of Migration
The Social Impact of Migration and Remittances at the Level of the Country of Origin and Destination
Effects at the Level of the Country of Destination
Positive Macroeconomic Effects
Balancing the Labour Market
Reduction of State Expenditures on Social Assistance and Unemployment Benefits
Investing Remittances in Education
Investing Remittances in Raising Living Standards
Positive Effects at Household and Individual Level
Knowledge and Technology Transfer
Increasing the Enrolment of Children in the Education System
Poverty Reduction
Negative Effects at the Macroeconomic Level
The Aging of the Population and the Registration of the Demographic Deficit
The Impossibility of Ensuring a High Level of Pensions
Negative Effects at Household and Individual Level
Encouraging Unemployment
Changing the Composition and Roles within the Family
Increasing the Dropout Rate Among Children from Migrant Families
Abandonment of Children and of the Elderly
The Loss of Values and Traditions Among the Second Generation of Migrants
Effects at the Level of the Country of Destination
Positive Macroeconomic Effects
Reducing the Demographic Deficit and Balancing the Age Pyramid
Contributes to Stimulating Innovation and Technological Progress
The Emergence of New Services, Adapted to the Requirements of Migrants
Positive Effects at Household and Individual Level
Contributes to the Increase of the Country’s Cultural Diversity (Music, Theatre, Cinema, Sports, Literature, Cuisine)
Exchange of Traditions and Customs with the Migrant Population
Negative Effects at the Macroeconomic Level
Increase Spending on Education for Migrants Attending State-Subsidized Schools
Increasing Spending on Access to Health Services
Increase State Spending on Providing Social Assistance to Unemployed Migrants
Problems with the Availability and Distribution of Utilities as a Result of Changes in Geographical Distribution
The Risk of Food Crises Due to Overcrowding in Urban Areas and the Reduction of the Rural Population Engaged in Agriculture
Problems with Water Supply
Negative Effects at Household and Individual Level
The Appearance of Health Problems
Increasing Crime Rate
Migrants Tend to Import Their Culture
The Emergence of Conflicts between Migrants and Natives
Short Appreciations
References
Chapter 8: Migration Policies and Remittances, as a Support Factor for Development in the Origin Country
The Migration Strategy
Mobility and Migration Strategy at EU Level
Global Approach to Migration and Mobility
Strategic Orientations Starting with 2014
European Agenda for Migration
A new Strategic Agenda 2019–2024
New Pact on Migration and Asylum
Migration Strategy in Romania
Policies on Migration and Remittance Dynamics, as a Support Factor for Development in the Origin Country
Networking Organizations
RePatriot
BiD Network
Mexican Talent Network
Mentoring Organizations
GlobalScot
Armenia 2020
Training Organizations
Programme Solidarité Eau
IntEnt
Investment Organizations
Start-up Diaspora in Romania
1 × 1 Program in Mexico
African Diaspora Marketplace
Crowdfunding
LelapaFund
Government24
Instead of Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: COVID-19 Boomerang Effect on the Migration Policies of the Country of Origin
Introduction
Evolution of COVID-19 in Romania
Phases of Infection with the New COVID-19 Virus in Romania
Migration of Romanian Critical Workers During COVID-19
Conclusions
Annexes
References
Chapter 10: Migrant Critical Workers During and After COVID-19 Pandemic
Status of Migrants at EU Level
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mobility of Romanian Migrant Workers
How Does COVID-19 Affect Labour Migration Patterns?
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Conclusions
