International Criminal Law―A Counter-Hegemonic Project?

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Hegemony and International Criminal Law—An Introduction
References
Part I Theoretical Engagements with (Counter-) Hegemonic Perspectives on International Criminal Law
2 Is International Criminal Justice the Handmaiden of the Contemporary Imperial Project? A TWAIL Perspective on Some Arenas of Contestations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 An Overview of TWAIL as an Analytical Framework
2.3 The Relevance of TWAIL in Understanding International Criminal Justice: Four Arenas of Contestation
2.3.1 Establishment of Institutions and Enforcement and the ‘Other’
2.3.2 Alleged Selectivity
2.3.3 The Supposed Universality of Legal Norms
2.3.4 Categories of International Crimes
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Violence in International Criminal Law and Beyond
3.1 Introduction
3.2 International Criminal Law and Hegemony
3.2.1 The Role of Law in Hegemony
3.2.2 Hegemonic Potential of International Criminal Law
3.3 Violence in International Criminal Law
3.4 Violence Beyond International Criminal Law
3.4.1 Galtung’s Theory of Violence
3.4.2 Violence Invisible to, and Made Invisible by, International Criminal Law
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 A Marxist Analysis of International Criminal Law and Its Potential as a Counter-Hegemonic Project
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Formal Equality Versus Triple Material Inequality
4.3 Material Inequality in (Domestic and International) Law
4.3.1 In the Law’s Foundations
4.3.2 In the Law’s Drafting
4.3.3 In the Law’s Enforcement
4.4 De-construction of Triple Material Inequality Within International Criminal Law and Its Reframing from a Counter-Hegemonic Perspective
4.5 Conclusions
References
Part II (Counter-) Hegemonic International Criminal Law in Practice: Case Studies
5 Double Whammy: Targeted Minorities in South-Asian States
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mass Atrocities and Minorities in South-Asian States
5.2.1 Fault Lines of History
5.2.2 Postcolonial National Identity and Construction of the ‘Other’
5.2.3 Marginalisation
5.2.4 Targeted Violence Against Minorities
5.2.5 Extra-territoriality and Violence
5.3 Scope of Accountability in South-Asia Through the International Criminal Law Process
5.3.1 The Failure of Local Alternatives to International Criminal Law
5.3.2 Why Do South-Asian Minorities Turn to International Criminal Law?
5.3.3 Divided by Borders, United by Opposition to the ICC Statute
5.3.4 The Politics of International Criminal Justice and Gridlocked Remedy
5.4 TWAIL’s Burden of Binaries and Missing Minority Intersectionality
5.4.1 Bandung’s Distressing Inheritance
5.4.2 TWAIL’s Exclusionary Perspective
5.4.3 Failure to Hold Postcolonial States Accountable
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 States of Criminality: International (Criminal) Law, Palestine, and the Sovereignty Trap
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Internationalism Through Feminist Praxis Beyond Statehood
6.3 Palestine at the League of Nations
6.4 Palestine at the General Assembly
6.5 Palestine at the ICC
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 The Counter-Hegemonic Turn to ‘Entrepreneurial Justice’ in International Criminal Investigations and Prosecutions Relating to the Crimes Committed in Syria and Eastern Ukraine
7.1 Hegemonic International Law and the Paralysis of International Criminal Justice
7.2 Justice Ownership or Reclaiming the Narrative?
7.3 The ‘Quiet Expansion’ of Private Criminal Investigations
7.4 The Role of Civil Society Actors in Advancing Accountability Efforts for Core International Crimes
7.4.1 The Role of Ukrainian Civil Society in the Documentation of Atrocities
7.4.2 The Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA) and the New Model of Private Criminal Investigations
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 NGOs and the Legitimacy of International Criminal Justice: The Case of Uganda
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Setting the Scene: NGOs as Critical Actors in International Criminal Justice
8.3 (De)Legitimising International Criminal Justice in Contested Spaces of Uganda
8.3.1 Legitimising International Criminal Justice (1): Local NGOs Work on and with Victims and Affected Communities
8.3.2 Legitimising International Criminal Justice (2): NGO Networking and Joining Forces
8.3.3 Legitimising International Criminal Justice (3): NGOs’ Involvement in Domestic Proceedings Reflecting Complementarity
8.3.4 Delegitimising International Criminal Justice: NGOs and Alternative Forms of Justice
8.4 Conclusion
References
Part III (Counter-) Hegemony at the International Criminal Court
9 The Global South and the Drafting of the Subject-Matter Jurisdiction of the ICC
9.1 Introduction
9.2 International Criminal Justice as a Global South-Sponsored Counter-Hegemonic Project
9.2.1 The 1973 Apartheid Convention, and the 1989 Trinidad and Tobago Proposal
9.2.2 The Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind
9.3 The Travaux Préparatoires of the ICC Statute and the Marginalisation of the Global South
9.4 Concluding Remarks
References
10 The ICC and Traditional Islamic Legal Scholarship: Analysing the War Crimes Against Civilians
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Islamic Law and Traditional Scholarship
10.3 Islamic Criminal Law and International Law
10.4 A Critical Juxtaposition: War Crimes and Jinayat
10.4.1 Deliberately Harming Civilians
10.4.2 Excessive Collateral Civilian Losses
10.4.3 Inhumane or Torturous Harm Towards Civilians
10.4.4 Confining, Deporting/Transferring/Displacing Civilians
10.5 Complementarity and Ne Bis In Idem
10.6 Conclusions
References
11 The ICC’s Role in Countering Patriarchal Claims in Reproductive Justice
11.1 Introduction
11.2 From Rape Towards Reproductive Justice: The Crime of Forced Pregnancy
11.3 Forced Pregnancy in the Negotiations of the Rome Statute and the Elements of the Crime
11.4 Dealing with the Narrow Definition of Forced Pregnancy
11.5 Specialization of the ICC’s Jurisprudence: The Ongwen Case
11.6 The Role of the ICC in Reproductive Justice
11.7 Norm Transfer in Reproductive Justice
11.8 Conclusion
References
12 The Impacts of English-Language Hegemony on the ICC
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Case of Language Policy v. Reality
12.2.1 What About the ICC Statute?
12.2.2 Voices of the Court
12.2.3 Does English-Language Dominance Really Matter?
12.3 Practical Considerations: What Does English-Language Hegemony Mean for Day-to-Day Activities?
12.3.1 A Mountain of Translation
12.3.2 The Advantages of Having English as a First Language
12.3.3 A Dearth of French-Speaking Judges
12.3.4 Artificial Intelligence to the Rescue?
12.4 English-Language Dominance and Conceptual Limits
12.4.1 Thinking Outside the Linguistic Box
12.4.2 A Multilingual Institution with a Monolingual Ideology
12.5 Conclusion
References
13 Gender Imbalance at the ICC: The Continued Hegemonic Entrenchment of Male Privilege in International Criminal Law
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Gender Imbalance and Male Privilege
13.2.1 The Assembly of States Parties
13.2.2 The ICC Staff: Recruitment and Elections
13.3 Impact of Gender Imbalance
13.3.1 Perpetuating the Cycle and Negative Perceptions
13.3.2 Office Culture and Sexual Harassment
13.3.3 Jurisprudence
13.4 The ICC’s Efforts to Address Gender Imbalance
13.5 Conclusion
References