Intermodal Maritime Security: Supply Chain Risk Mitigation

Front-Matter_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Intermodal Maritime Security
Copyright_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Copyright
Contributors_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Contributors
Combined-Cameo-Bios_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Combined Cameo Bios
Editors
Gary A. Gordon, PhD, PE, MEMS, LTC USA (Ret.)
Richard (Rich) R. Young, Ph.D., FCILT
Contributing authors (in chapter order)
Bennett C. Abrams, BA Political Science/Homeland Security(May 2021)
James J.F. Forest, Ph.D.
Captain Aleksander Gerson (MSc)
Jon S. Helmick, Ph.D.
Tomer May (MA)
Andrew (Andy) B. Morrow, M.B.A., M.S.
Matthew R. Peterson, MBA, CSCP, SCOR-P
James H. Schreiner, Ph.D., PMP, CPEM, LTC USA
Foreword_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Foreword
Preface_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Preface
Acknowledgments_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Acknowledgments
Chapter-1---9-11--Maritime-Transportation-Security-Act_2021_Intermodal-Marit
1. 9/11, Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA), and how we got to where we are?
Maritime trade and the Supply Chain Operations Reference model
Components of international maritime trade
Supporting implementation plans of the NSMS
Maritime Domain Awareness
Global Maritime Intelligence Integration Plan
Maritime Operational Threat Response Plan
International outreach and coordination strategy
Maritime Infrastructure Recovery Plan
Maritime Transportation System Security Plan
Maritime Commerce Security Plan
Domestic Outreach Plan
Summary
Appendix A: Title I—Maritime Transportation Security, Section 101: findings
References
Chapter-2---Intermodalism-history--advantages--an_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-S
2. Intermodalism history, advantages, and disadvantages
Intermodalism: maritime and rail
Intermodalism: maritime and truck
Advantages to containerization
Fleet size
Cargo stowage
Reduced inventory carrying costs
Reduced cargo loss and damage
Disadvantages of containerization
Port infrastructure
Container security
Needs of the small shipper and consignee
Shifts over time
Other developments
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter-3---Water-and-landside-components_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
3. Water and landside components
Physical service providers
Information service providers
Suppliers of goods
Infrastructure-related
Historical perspective
Port operations and opportunities for security breach
Information-related
Evolution of port infrastructure
Significance to supply chains
References
Further reading
Chapter-4---Other-transportation-modes_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
4. Other transportation modes
Domestic ports
International ports
Risk to rail and trucking to ports
Risk
Threats
Vulnerabilities
Consequences
Addressing the Risk
References
Chapter-5---Nature-of-the-intermodal-maritime-security-risk------An_2021_Int
5. Nature of the intermodal maritime security risk?
A dramatic shift in global trade
Rough seas on the North Atlantic
Port-to-port (pier-to-pier)
Door-to-port/port-to-door
Door-to-door (house-to-house)
References
Chapter-6---Components-of-intermodal-maritime-security-risk-----T_2021_Inter
6. Components of intermodal maritime security risk
The container: it is just a big box, right?
Seals: keeping the goods inside and intruders out
Outbound shipments
Inbound shipments
Thinking about your supply chain: important considerations
Some final words of advice to shippers
Appendix A: directory for standards associations for seals
Appendix B: glossary of terms regarding seals
References
Chapter-7---Threats-from-terrorists-and-other-viol_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-
7. Threats from terrorists and other violent nonstate actors
Maritime terrorism: a brief overview
Terrorist threats to intermodal maritime security
The Trojan Horse Scenario
Other dimensions of the terrorist threat to maritime security
Intermodal maritime security threats from nonideologically oriented criminals
The primacy of piracy
Attacking intermodal maritime targets: motivations and challenges
Future projections of threat
References
Chapter-8---Physical-and-technological-conside_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Secu
8. Physical and technological considerations
Physical security measures
Access control
Lighting
Intrusion detection
Infrastructure protection and hardening
Technological security measures
Summary
References
Chapter-9---Vulnerabilities--gaps--and-the-future-of-ph_2021_Intermodal-Mari
9. Vulnerabilities, gaps, and the future of physical and technological security measures
Vulnerabilities and gaps in security measures
Future of physical and technological security measures
Access control
Lighting
Intrusion detection
Infrastructure protection and hardening
Technological security measures
Summary
Appendix A: University, government agency, and industry research organizations
References
Chapter-10---Information-security-and-cyber-threats_2021_Intermodal-Maritime
10. Information security and cyber threats and vulnerabilities
Information security introduction
Basic principles
Key concepts
Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Nonrepudiation
Security controls
Administrative controls
Logical controls
Physical controls
Defense in depth
Security classification for information
Access control
Identification
Authentication
Authorization
Auditing concepts
Separation of duties
Job rotation
Risk management
Transportation-related cybersecurity
Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002
U.S. Coast Guard/TSA Transportation Worker Identification Credential
U.S. Customs and Border Protections programs
Cargo Systems Messaging Service
Automated Commercial Environment
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism
Container security initiative
Intra-shipment and post-shipment controls
Supervisory control and data acquisition processes
U.S. Coast Guard's Automatic Identification System
CBP vehicle and cargo inspection system
Radiation portals at ports
Port security and surveillance systems
Vulnerabilities
Summary
References
Chapter-11---Multilateral-trading-partner-pol_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Secur
11. Multilateral trading partner policies
Why the focus on intermodal transportation?
Taxonomy of intermodal threats
Immediate post-world war II
Developed nations expand global oversight
Australia group
Wassenaar arrangement
The post-9/11 era
National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office
Customs-trade partnership against terrorism
Container security initiative
Authorized economic operator credential
The proliferation security initiative
Multilayered defenses still leave gaps
Appendix A: Wassenaar checklist for international sellers
Your product
End user and end use
Shipment
Finance and contract conditions
Appendix B: Wassenaar checklist for transit and transshipment
References
Chapter-12---Intermodal-transport-security-the-Isr_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-
12. Intermodal transport security—the Israeli perspective
Part I - Overview of maritime security
Introduction
The vital role of ports and shipping of Israel
Israel's ports
Threats to maritime transport to and from Israel
Maritime transport—a vector for smuggling of military hardware
Smuggling of military hardware
Dual-purpose materials
Smuggling illicit goods and drugs to sponsor terror activities
Containers as a direct vector for terrorist attack
Thwarting threats to freedom of navigation—Israeli national doctrine
How are these goals achievable?
Securing Israeli commercial ports
Conclusion
Part II—implementation of security
Introduction
Israel's security model
The maritime arena
The Israeli Navy
Freedom of navigation—the Israeli perspective
Intermodal transport
Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-13---Loading-at-a-foreign-port_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
13. Loading at a foreign port
Illustrative case: Ready-Tech, Inc.
Three shipments and their particulars
Specific logistics arrangements
Information flows at port of loading
The Endau purchase
The Ng industrial order
The golf shirts scenario
Comparing the processes: maintaining the flow of commerce and protecting supply chains
Manifests: types and uses
Physical flows
U.S. customs presence
Information and documentation
Physical and technological security measures
Cyber issues
Physical, technological, and cyber impacts on risk
Port of Singapore
Port of Vung Tau
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
How does this tie together?
Appendix A
References
Chapter-14---In-transit-threats-and-risk-manag_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Secu
14. In-transit threats and risk management
Introduction
Threats and consequences
Piracy and armed robbery
Terrorism
Cyberattack
Risk management strategies
Risk-based decision-making
Conventions, codes, and regulations
Governmental initiatives, policies, and guidance
Industry guidelines
Training, drills, and exercises
Vessel security assessments and vessel security plans
Voyage planning
Rerouting and risk avoidance
Military and paramilitary intervention
Security systems and equipment
Conclusion
References
Chapter-15---At-US-ports-----AnonymousThis-chapter-is-provider-w_2021_Interm
15. At US ports
Ports illustrated
Comparisons reveal contrasts
Common carriage
Roadblocks at ports
Preparedness is paramount
Opportunities abound
The bottom line
References
Chapter-16---Routing-analysis--risk--and-resil_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Secu
16. Routing analysis, risk, and resiliency
Introduction
General discussion of risk assessment models
Transportation risk assessment models
Maritime risk assessment models
Maritime CARVER framework
How does this benefit the industry?
Where do we go from here?
References
Chapter-17---Systems-considerations-for-Intermodal-M_2021_Intermodal-Maritim
17. Systems considerations for Intermodal Maritime Security operations
System definitions and key concepts
Maritime domain awareness using systems thinking
Considerations for the intermodal Maritime Security System
Summary
References
Chapter-18---Public-policy-and-security-partne_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Secu
18. Public policy and security partnerships
Stemming the tide of drug smuggling
Terrorism and changing international trade forever
Partnerships to the fore
The public–private partnership
Internationalization of trade partnerships
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter-19---Intermodal-maritime-security--where-d_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-
19. Intermodal maritime security: where do we go from here?
A high level overview of intermodal maritime security
Thinking about the threats
Physical flows
Information flows
Trading between related companies
Security measures taxonomy
Manual versus automated international trade documentation
Technological and cyber threats that impact all aspects of the supply chain
Vessel systems
Cargo systems
Government trade regulation
Importers, exporters, and trade intermediaries
Where do we go from here?
Near-sourcing and crossborder shipments
Resilience of supply chains
Distributed decision-making, often done in a vacuum
Where research can benefit intermodal maritime security?
Systems theory
Appendix A—security measures taxonomy assessment
Domestic and international procedural processes
Reference
List-of-additional-readings_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
List of additional readings
Index_2021_Intermodal-Maritime-Security
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
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P
R
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T
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